It’s the Situation and Your Disposition: A Test of Two Honesty Hypotheses

2020 ◽  
pp. 194855061989897 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Markowitz ◽  
Timothy R. Levine
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Current Experiment ◽  
Experimental Task ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
Situational Influences ◽  
Public Data

Research has documented substantial individual differences in the proclivity for honesty or dishonesty and that personality traits meaningfully account for variations in honesty–dishonesty. Research also shows important situational variation related to deception, as situations can motivate or discourage dishonest behaviors. The current experiment examines personality and situational influences on honesty–dishonesty in tandem, arguing that their effects may not be additive. Participants ( N = 114) engaged in an experimental task providing the opportunity to cheat for tangible gain. The situation varied to encourage or discourage cheating. Participants completed the HEXACO-100 and the Dark Triad of Personality scales. Both situational variation and personality dimensions predicted honesty–dishonesty, but the effects of personality were not uniform across situations. These results were also supported using public data from an independent, multilab sample ( N = 5,757). We outline how these results inform our understanding of deception, situational influences, and the role of disposition in honesty.

Role of Social Symptomatology in Understanding Dark Triad Personality Traits

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Stead ◽  
Cynthia Fekken ◽  
Alexandra Kay ◽  
Kate Mcdermott
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Dark Triad

scholarly journals Time for work: Analyzing the role of time perspectives in work attitudes and behaviors

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Wojtkowska ◽  
Maciej Stolarski ◽  
Gerald Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Work Engagement ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Work Behaviors ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
And Behaviors

AbstractPrevious research has provided strong evidence for a pronounced role of time perspective (TP) in various areas of human functioning, including cognitive processes, mental and physical health, environmental behaviors, and relationship quality. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of individual differences in TP in work-related attitudes and behaviors. In a sample of 200 office workers, we administered a set of questionnaires measuring TPs, job satisfaction, work engagement, Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) and Counterproductive Work Behavior (CWB). Additionally, we controlled for the Big Five personality traits which may be related to the work-related outcomes of interest. Analyses of the data revealed that Future-Positive TP predicted more desired work-related outcomes, i.e., higher job satisfaction, work engagement, and OCB, and lower CWB. An opposite pattern of associations was observed for Present-Fatalistic, Deviation from Balanced Time Perspective, and (partially) for Future-Negative TPs. The vast majority of these effects were still significant after controlling for personality traits. Using path modelling we also demonstrated that the effects of TPs on work behaviors (OCB and CWB) are mostly mediated by job satisfaction and engagement. The present results suggest that TP theory may prove to be a useful tool in organizational psychology for understanding individual differences in work behaviors.

scholarly journals Who uses Tinder?: The Dark Triad traits, attachment, and mate value

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Jonason ◽  
Rachel Bulyk
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Mate Value ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Anxious Attachment ◽  
Mating Tactic ◽  
Relationship Partners ◽  
Mating Goals

Modern dating life has been changed with the advent of smartphone-based applications like Tinder. One way to identify who uses these applications is to compare the personality traits of users to non-users. In two brief studies (N = 581) we compared Tinder-users to non-users in individual differences associated with short-term mating (i.e., psychopathy, Machiavellianism, narcissism [the Dark Triad traits], and anxious attachment) and mate value. We revealed that the men who were Tinder users were especially high in psychopathy and narcissism and women who were Tinder users were especially high in anxious attachment and rated themselves as unsuccessful in finding relationship partners. While exploratory in nature, we suggest that men who are characterized by antisocial traits may use Tinder for opportunistic mating goals whereas women who have struggled to find relationships may use Tinder as a compensatory mating tactic.

scholarly journals The role of personality in COVID-19 related perceptions, evaluations, and behaviors: Findings across five samples, nine traits, and 17 criteria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingo Zettler ◽  
Christoph Schild ◽  
Lau Lilleholt ◽  
Lara Kroencke ◽  
Till Utesch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Age Effects ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The World ◽  
Personal Perceptions ◽  
And Behaviors

People and institutions around the world have been affected by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Herein, we investigate the role of both basic (HEXACO and Big Five) and specific (Dark Factor of Personality, Narcissistic Rivalry and Admiration) personality traits for 17 criteria related to COVID-19, grouped into (i) personal perceptions in terms of risks and worries about the disease, (ii) behavioral adjustments in terms of following the health recommendations and hoarding, and (iii) societal evaluations in terms of the appropriateness of different measures and feelings of social cohesion. (Internal) Meta-analytic results across five samples from two countries (overall N = 10,702) show—next to gender and age effects—the importance of several traits, including Emotionality/Neuroticism for personal perceptions and anti- or prosocial traits for behavior in line with health recommendations. The investigation thus highlights the importance of individual differences in uncertain and changing situations and the COVID-19 pandemic in particular.

scholarly journals Quantifying the Predictive Role of Temperament Dimensions and Attachment Styles on the Five Factor Model of Personality

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Efrat Barel ◽  
Yonathan Mizrachi ◽  
Maayan Nachmani
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Adult Attachment ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Attachment Security ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Self Report

Background: The present study investigated the role of temperament and attachment security in predicting individual differences in the five factor personality traits among adults. As previous studies suggested the potential moderating role of attachment in the association between temperament and personality traits, the present study sought to examine an interactionist model combining attachment and temperament in explaining individual differences in personality traits. Methods: A sample of 1871 participants (1151 women and 719 men) completed self-report measures of adult attachment style (the Relationships Questionnaire—RQ), temperament dimension (the Fisher Temperament Inventory—FTI), and personality domain (the Five Factor Model—FFM). Results: Partial correlational analyses revealed associations between attachment security and each of the five domains of the FFM, and few associations between some temperament dimensions and several domains of the FFM. Moderated regression analyses showed that attachment security moderated the associations between temperament dimensions and the Agreeableness domain of the FFM. Among secure individuals, those with higher scores on the Curious/Energetic, Cautious/Social Norm Compliant and Prosocial/Empathetic scales exhibited higher Agreeableness scores, whereas among insecure individuals, those with higher scores on the Analytic/Tough-minded scale exhibited lower scores on the Agreeableness scale. Conclusion: Overall, the current study provides evidence in support of the substantive role of social-environmental factors (Adult Attachment) as a moderating element bridging temperament-related personality elements and a number of their FFM manifestations.

scholarly journals The Dark Triad and BIS/BAS: a Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna A. Włodarska ◽  
Emilia Zyskowska ◽  
Martyna K. Terebus ◽  
Radosław Rogoza
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Behavioural Inhibition ◽  
Fun Seeking

Abstract Are there any temperamental predispositions to developing a dark personality traits? Within the current paper we address this question by investigating relations between the temperamental traits of the behavioural inhibition and approach systems (BIS and BAS, respectively) and the Dark Triad traits of personality. For this purpose, we conducted a meta-analysis of 18 studies with a total of 8911 participants. The results partially corroborated existing claims that the Dark Triad traits are a group of high-approach low-avoidance temperamental traits; however, the role of BAS seems to be more important. Among the Dark Triad traits, narcissism seems to be the most related to both the BIS and the BAS. Psychopathy in turn seems to be mostly related to the fun-seeking facet of the BAS. Finally, Machiavellianism appears to be the least related to temperamental traits. Thus, it seems that only narcissism and psychopathy confirm the claim about a connection between the Dark Triad traits and a high-approach low-avoidance temperament.

Exploring Occasion Specificity in the Assessment of DSM-5 Maladaptive Personality Traits

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Zimmermann ◽  
Axel Mayer ◽  
Daniel Leising ◽  
Tobias Krieger ◽  
Martin grosse Holtforth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Situational Influences ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Specific Trait

Abstract. The alternative classification system for personality disorders in DSM-5 features a hierarchical model of maladaptive personality traits. This trait model comprises five broad trait domains and 25 specific trait facets that can be reliably assessed using the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5). Although there is a steadily growing literature on the validity of the PID-5, issues of temporal stability and situational influences on test scores are currently unexplored. We addressed these issues using a sample of 611 research participants who completed the PID-5 three times, with time intervals of 2 months. Latent state-trait (LST) analyses for each of the 25 PID-5 trait facets showed that, on average, 79.5% of the variance was due to stable traits (i.e., consistency), and 7.7% of the variance was due to situational factors (i.e., occasion specificity). Our findings suggest that the PID-5 trait facets predominantly capture individual differences that are stable across time.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document