scholarly journals Is There Anything Good About Atheists? Exploring Positive and Negative Stereotypes of the Religious and Nonreligious

2021 ◽  
pp. 194855062098270
Author(s):  
Jordan W. Moon ◽  
Jaimie Arona Krems ◽  
Adam B. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Conjunction Fallacy ◽  
Partner Choice ◽  
Negative Stereotypes

Negative stereotypes about atheists are widespread, robust, rooted in distrust, and linked to discrimination. Here, we examine whether social perceivers in the United States might additionally hold any positive stereotypes about atheists (and corresponding negative stereotypes of the religious). Experiments 1 ( N = 401) and 2 ( N = 398, preregistered) used methods of intuitive stereotypes (the conjunction fallacy). People tended to stereotype atheists as fun, open-minded, and scientific—even as they harbor extreme intuitive anti-atheist prejudice in Experiment 2. Experiment 3 ( N = 382) used a quasi-behavioral partner-choice paradigm, finding that most people choose atheist (vs. religious) partners in stereotype-relevant domains. Overall, results suggest that people simultaneously possess negative and also positive stereotypes about atheists, but that corresponding negative stereotypes of the religious may be even stronger. These effects are robust among the nonreligious and somewhat religious, but evidence is mixed about whether the highly religious harbor these positive stereotypes.

Engaging Vital Older Adults in Intergenerational Service-Learning

2018 ◽  
pp. 266-287
Author(s):  
Reneé A. Zucchero
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Service Learning ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
The United States ◽  
Life Review ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Adult Volunteers

The population of older adults within the United States is growing rapidly, which calls for increased understanding of that population. However, ageism is pervasive and one of the most engrained forms of prejudice. Intergenerational service-learning may be one way to reduce negative stereotypes and ageism. The Co-Mentoring Project is an intergenerational service-learning project that matches undergraduate students and vital older adult volunteers. Students meet with their partners at least four times over the course of the semester to conduct a life review and gather information to begin the older adults' memoirs. This chapter provides a rationale for intergenerational service-learning and information about its theoretical underpinnings. The chapter also offers information about service-learning best practices, including structured reflection, and how the Project's methodology is consistent with them. The multi-modal assessment conducted for the Project and its outcomes are discussed. Finally, directions for future research are described.

Latinx Popular Culture and Social Conflict: Comics, Graphic Novels, and Film

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick Luis Aldama
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Popular Culture ◽  
Comic Books ◽  
Graphic Novels ◽  
Comic Book ◽  
The United States ◽  
Corporate America ◽  
Consumer Market ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Cultural Imaginary

Despite Latinxs being the largest growing demographic in the United States, their experiences and identities continue to be underrepresented and misrepresented in the mainstream pop cultural imaginary. However, for all the negative stereotypes and restrictive ways that the mainstream boxes in Latinxs, Latinx musicians, writers, artists, comic book creators, and performers actively metabolize all cultural phenomena to clear positive spaces of empowerment and to make new perception, thought, and feeling about Latinx identities and experiences. It is important to understand, though, that Latinxs today consume all variety of cultural phenomena. For corporate America, therefore, the Latinx demographic represents a huge buying demographic. Viewed through cynical and skeptical eyes, increased representation of Latinxs in mainstream comic books and film results from this push to capture the Latinx consumer market. Within mainstream comic books and films, Latinx subjects are rarely the protagonists. However, Latinx comic book and film creators are actively creating Latinx protagonists within richly rendered Latinx story worlds. Latinx comic book and film creators work in all the storytelling genres and modes (realism, sci-fi, romance, memoir, biography, among many others) to clear new spaces for the expression of Latinx subjectivities and experiences.

scholarly journals Islamophobia In Western Media: A Study Of American Movies After 9/11

2021 ◽  
Vol Volume 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-150
Author(s):  
Dr. Muhammad Umair Chaudhary ◽  
Dr. Abdul Ghani ◽  
Hassan Naseer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Century ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
The West ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Hollywood Films ◽  
Psychological Warfare ◽  
Western Media

The present study discussed the feelings and sentiments that unquestionably exist in Western media particularly in U.S films against Islam and Muslims after Sep 11, 2001, terrorist attacks in the United States, and the reaction to them increased the hater against Muslims. Specifically, the assumption that Islam is characteristically fierce or that Muslims have a reopensity for psychological warfare. Since 9/11, explicit people have transformed Islamophobia into an industry. In this study, content analysis of some commercially successful U.S films is being provided that has perpetuated popularized Islamophobia. Specifically, Hollywood films i.e. American Sniper, The Hurt Locker, and The Dictator have been examined. Although the researcher’s analysis fundamentally talks about these movies inside the setting of twenty-first century Islamophobia, Additionally, it will also elaborate how relentless negative stereotypes are being drawn from decades against Muslims by the West with the help of media.

scholarly journals The Paradox of the Moderate Muslim Discourse: Subtyping Promotes Support for Anti-muslim Policies

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nader H. Hakim ◽  
Xian Zhao ◽  
Natasha Bharj
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
War On Terror ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Negative Stereotype

Tolerant discourse in the United States has responded to heightened stereotyping of Muslims as violent by countering that “not all Muslims are terrorists.” This subtyping of Muslims—as some radical terrorists among mostly peaceful “moderates”—is meant to protect a positive image of the group but leaves the original negative stereotype unchanged. We predicted that such discourse may paradoxically increase people’s support of anti-Muslim policies because the subtyping and its associated negative stereotypes justify hostile actions toward Muslims. In Study 1, subtyping predicted support for three anti-Muslim policies, but only among political moderates and conservatives. In Study 2, participants who were exposed to subtyping narratives expressed greater support for surveillance of Muslims in the United States. The effect of subtyping narrative exposure was stronger on support for hawkish anti-terror policy when participants’ preexisting endorsement of subtyping was low. Irrespective of the well-meaning intentions of peaceful vs. radical subtyping, its expression can justify ongoing “War on Terror” policies. As the population of Muslims increases in North America, the intuition that most Muslims do not meet the negative stereotype may ironically reduce inclusion.

scholarly journals Can Higher Education Ameliorate Racial/Ethnic Disadvantage? An Analysis of the Wage Assimilation of College-Educated Hispanic Americans

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 215824402110091
Author(s):  
Sharron Xuanren Wang ◽  
Arthur Sakamoto
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hispanic Americans ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
The United States ◽  
College Degree ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Hispanic Men ◽  
College Educated ◽  
Hispanic White

Hispanics are the largest minority group in the United States, but quantitative research on the various components of this population has not received extensive investigation. College-educated Hispanics have been particularly neglected due to exaggerated and negative stereotypes. This present study uses data from the 2010 National Survey of College Graduates to investigate wage attainments among college-educated Hispanics. Hispanic Americans are categorized based on their place of birth and age in which they entered the U.S. education system. Results indicate that native-born and foreign-born Hispanic women who have at least a college degree have reached approximate wage parity with comparable native-born non-Hispanic White women. By contrast, native-born Hispanic men face a 10% wage penalty relative to comparable native-born non-Hispanic White men. In addition, foreign-born Hispanic men who immigrated as adults and obtained their college degree outside of the United States face larger wage penalties that are augmented by a lack of citizenship. Theoretical and empirical implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Is there anything good about atheists? Exploring positive and negative stereotypes of the religious and nonreligious

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan W Moon ◽  
Jaimie Krems ◽  
Adam B. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Conjunction Fallacy ◽  
Partner Choice ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
The Us

Negative stereotypes about atheists are widespread, robust, rooted in distrust, and linked to discrimination. Here, we examine whether social perceivers in the US might additionally hold any positive stereotypes about atheists (and corresponding negative stereotypes of the religious). Experiments 1 (N = 401) and 2 (N = 398, preregistered) used methods of intuitive stereotypes (the conjunction fallacy). People tended to stereotype atheists as fun, open-minded, and scientific—even as they harbor extreme intuitive anti-atheist prejudice in Experiment 2. Experiment 3 (N = 382) used a quasi-behavioral partner-choice paradigm, finding that most people choose atheist (versus religious) partners in stereotype-relevant domains. Overall, results suggest that people simultaneously possess negative and also positive stereotypes about atheists, but that corresponding negative stereotypes of the religious may be even stronger. These effects are robust among the nonreligious and somewhat religious, but evidence is mixed about whether the highly religious harbor these positive stereotypes.

Three faces of ageism: society, image and place

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
KEVIN E. MCHUGH
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older People ◽  
Walter Benjamin ◽  
The United States ◽  
Successful Ageing ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Arcades Project ◽  
Decline Disease ◽  
The Right ◽  
Home Living

This paper elucidates and champions a spatiality perspective in social gerontology, by arguing that relationships between older people and the spaces and places they inhabit illuminate deeply-ingrained societal attitudes and values. The trilogy of society, image and place is explored through an interpretive reading of images and scripts in ‘successful ageing’ and ‘anti-ageing’ created and promoted by the booming ‘retirement industry’ in the United States. Six tropes are revealed in an interpretation of prevalent images of ‘Sunbelt Retirement Land’: geographic cornucopia, ageless selves, near perfection, the right stuff, down home living, and nomads of desire. This reading serves as a springboard in elaborating Cole's (1992) notion of bipolar ageism, as we vacillate between negative stereotypes of old age and positive elixirs, such as anti-ageing and agelessness, that are cloaked denials of decline, disease and death. The paper concludes with a series of troubling questions about the perpetuation and depth of ageism in society and culture.Every present day is determined by the images that are synchronic with it: each ‘now’ is the now of a particular recognizability. (Walter Benjamin, The Arcades Project, 1999: 462–63)

Aus Nordcarolina: The Jewish American South in German Jewish Periodicals of the Nineteenth Century

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-272
Author(s):  
Anton Hieke
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
American South ◽  
Jewish Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
German Empire ◽  
German Jews ◽  
Southern States ◽  
German Jewish

Abstract For many German Jewish papers of the nineteenth century, the United States of America was held up as an ideal. This holds true especially for the Allgemeine Zeitung des Judentums, then Germany’s most influential Jewish publication. In America, Jews had already achieved what their co-religionists in Germany strove for until complete legal emancipation with the formation of the German Empire in 1871: the transition from ‘Jews in Germany’ via ‘German Jews’ to ‘Germans of the Jewish faith.’ Thus, the experiences of Jews from Germany in America represented the post-emancipation hopes for those who had remained behind.2 When examined for the representation of Jewry living in the American Southern states,3 it becomes apparent that German Jewish papers in their coverage of America largely refrained from a regionalization. Most articles and accounts concerning Jewish life in the South do not show any significant distinctiveness in the perception of the region and its Jews. The incidents presented or the comments sent to the papers might in fact have occurred in respectively dealt with any region of the United States at the time, barring anything that remotely dealt with slavery or secession prior to 1865. When the Jewish South was explicitly dealt with in the papers, however, it either functioned as an ‘über-America’ of the negative stereotypes in respect to low Jewish piety, or took the place of an alternative America of injustice and slavery—the ‘anti-America.’ Jewish Southerners who actively supported the region during the Civil War, or who had internalized the South’s moral values as supporters of the Confederacy and/or slavery were condemned in the strongest words for endangering the existence of ‘America the Ideal.’ As the concept of the United States and its Jewish life is represented in a largely unrealistic manner that almost exclusively focused on the positive aspects of Jewish life in America, the concept of the Jewish South was equally far from being accurate.

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