Intracranial ependymomas: The role of advanced neuroimaging in diagnosis and management

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-92
Author(s):  
Marco Varrassi ◽  
Flavia Cobianchi Bellisari ◽  
Maria Carmela De Donato ◽  
Emanuele Tommasino ◽  
Alessandra Di Sibio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Anaplastic Ependymoma ◽  
Rare Tumour ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
Recent Classification

Intracranial ependymomas represent a rare subgroup of glial tumours, showing a wide variety of imaging characteristics, often representing a challenging diagnosis for neuroradiologists. Here, we review the most recent scientific Literature on intracranial ependymomas, highlighting the most characteristic computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging features of these neoplasms, along with epidemiologic data, recent classification aspects, clinical presentation and conventional therapeutic strategies. In addition, we report an illustrative case of an 18-year-old girl presenting with an intracranial supratentorial, anaplastic ependymoma, with the aim of contributing to the existing knowledge and comprehension of this rare tumour.

Accessory Soleus Muscle

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 587-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuba Karagülle Kendi ◽  
Aziz Erakar ◽  
Olcay Oktay ◽  
H. Yusuf Yildiz ◽  
Yener Saglik
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Anatomical Variant ◽  
Muscle Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Accessory soleus muscle is an uncommon anatomical variant that may present as a soft-tissue mass in the posteromedial region of the ankle. It is congenital in origin but usually presents in the second or third decade of life. Although it is a rare entity, accessory soleus muscle should be included in the differential diagnosis of soft-tissue swelling of the ankle. Awareness of the clinical presentation and specific findings of computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and electromyography help with diagnosis without surgical exploration. We describe a 30-year-old patient with accessory soleus muscle. Magnetic resonance imaging features of the case are described, and the literature is briefly reviewed. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 94(6): 587–589, 2004)

Metastatic prostate carcinoma to the intradural extramedullary spinal compartment

2004 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Hentschel ◽  
Ehud Mendel ◽  
Sanjay Singh ◽  
Laurence D. Rhines
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Carcinoma ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Intradural Extramedullary ◽  
Metastatic Prostate Carcinoma

✓ Despite the relatively high incidence of prostate carcinoma involving the spinal column, those that are associated with spinal intradural extramedullary metastases are rare. The role of surgery for metastases to this spinal compartment is limited and palliative because presentation tends to be late in the course of the disease, particularly for prostate carcinoma. It is also considered to be part of the spectrum of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis and is associated with a high incidence of brain metastases. The authors review a rare case of prostate carcinoma metastatic to the spinal intradural extramedullary space and discuss its clinical presentation, imaging features, and surgical management.

Imaging appearances of toxic and acquired metabolic encephalopathic disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (7) ◽  
pp. 372-376
Author(s):  
Tharunniya Vamadevan ◽  
David Howlett ◽  
Maria Filyridou
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ◽  
District General Hospital ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Diagnostic Uncertainty ◽  
Pictorial Review

Most imaging findings relating to toxic and acquired metabolic disorders follow a certain pattern with affinity to a specific topographic area, which can help narrow the differential diagnosis. This is especially useful when the clinical presentation can be variable and there is diagnostic uncertainty. Usually, there is bilateral symmetrical abnormality within the deep grey matter structures and the cerebral cortex because of the high metabolic activity and raised oxygen requirements in these areas. Magnetic resonance imaging, particularly diffusion weighted imaging and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequences, is very important in differentiating between various aetiologies in this group. Magnetic resonance imaging can be useful in demonstrating both acute and chronic damage, in evaluating treatment response and in disease prognostication. This pictorial review discusses the computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging appearances of a spectrum of toxic and metabolic disorders observed in a district general hospital with reference to clinical presentation and imaging features that may allow diagnosis. This includes carbon monoxide poisoning, hypoglycaemia, non-ketotic hyperglycaemia, osmotic demyelination syndrome, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy, the syndrome of delayed post-hypoxic leukoencephalopathy, hepatic encephalopathy and cocaine toxicity.

scholarly journals Imaging Review of Skeletal Tumors of the Pelvis Malignant Tumors and Tumor Mimics

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gandikota Girish ◽  
Karen Finlay ◽  
David Fessell ◽  
Deepa Pai ◽  
Qian Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Benign Lesions ◽  
Plain Films ◽  
Malignant Lesions ◽  
Pelvic Lesions

Malignant lesions of the pelvis are not uncommon and need to be differentiated from benign lesions and tumor mimics. Appearances are sometimes nonspecific leading to consideration of a broad differential diagnosis. Clinical history, anatomic location, and imaging characterization can help narrow the differential diagnosis. The focus of this paper is to demonstrate the imaging features and the role of plain films, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging for detecting and characterizing malignant osseous pelvic lesions and their common mimics.

Filum terminale arteriovenous fistulas: the role of endovascular treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekachat Chanthanaphak ◽  
Sirintara Pongpech ◽  
Pakorn Jiarakongmun ◽  
Chai Kobkitsuksakul ◽  
Cuong Tran Chi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Radicular Pain ◽  
Venous Hypertension ◽  
Sensory Loss ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Filum Terminale ◽  
Related Complication ◽  
Duration Of Symptoms ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistulas

Object The authors describe the clinical presentation, imaging features, and management of patients presenting with filum terminale arteriovenous fistulas (FTAVFs) and the role of transarterial treatment in their management. Methods The authors retrospectively reviewed data obtained in 10 patients with FTAVFs diagnosed between January 1990 and December 2011. Results Most patients (70%) were male, and the age of the population ranged from 31 to 72 years (mean 58.2 years). Clinical presentation was progressive paraparesis and sensory loss in the lower extremities in 9 cases, back pain in 7, radicular pain in 3, bowel/bladder disturbance in 5, and impotence in 1. The duration of symptoms varied between 2 and 24 months. Initial MRI studies showed intramedullary increased T2 signal, swollen cord, and dilated perimedullary veins in all patients. One patient had syringomyelia, presumably caused by venous hypertension transmitted by the perimedullary venous system. Embolization was attempted in 7 patients and was curative in 6 patients. Surgery was performed in the other 4 patients in whom embolization was unsuccessful or deemed not feasible. There was no treatment-related complication in either group. Symptoms, venous congestion in the cord, and syringomyelia improved on follow-up in all patients. Conclusions Embolization should be considered the treatment of choice for FTAVFs and can effectively treat the majority of patients presenting with an FTAVF. In a smaller group of patients in whom the angioarchitecture is unfavorable, open surgery is recommended.

scholarly journals Magnetic resonance imaging features of large endolymphatic sac compartments: audiological and clinical correlates

2012 ◽  
Vol 126 (6) ◽  
pp. 586-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
S E J Connor ◽  
A Siddiqui ◽  
R O'Gorman ◽  
J R Tysome ◽  
A Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Endolymphatic Sac ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Clear Fluid ◽  
Prognostic Information ◽  
Imaging Characteristics

AbstractObjectives:(1) To study the prevalence and characteristics of large endolymphatic sac internal compartments on thin-section T2- and T2*-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, and to relate these to other large endolymphatic sac magnetic resonance imaging features, and (2) to correlate the compartment imaging features, endolymphatic sac size and labyrinthine anomalies with the patients' clinical and audiological data.Method:Magnetic resonance imaging studies for 38 patients with large endolymphatic sac anomalies were retrospectively reviewed in a tertiary referral centre. Endolymphatic sac compartment presence, morphology and imaging signal were assessed. Endolymphatic sac size and labyrinthine anomalies were also recorded. Endolymphatic sac compartments and other imaging features were correlated with clinical and audiological data.Results:Compartments were present in 57 per cent of the imaged endolymphatic sacs, but their presence alone did not correlate with other imaging features or clinical data. The endolymphatic sac : internal auditory meatus signal ratio was associated with a history of sudden or fluctuating hearing loss. Hearing loss correlated with opercular and extraosseous endolymphatic sac size measurements. A larger midpoint intraosseous endolymphatic sac size was associated with clear fluid loss at cochlear implantation.Conclusion:The magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of large endolymphatic sac compartments have been defined. The endolymphatic sac size and distal compartment signal should be recorded, as these provide prognostic information and assist the planning of appropriate interventions.

Multiparametric ultrasound imaging characteristics of multiple testicular adrenal rest tumours in congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Ultrasound ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1742271X2198908
Author(s):  
Nina M Mansoor ◽  
Dean Y Huang ◽  
Paul S Sidhu
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Colour Doppler ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Adrenal Rest

Introduction Testicular adrenal rest cell tumours (TART) are rare benign adrenocorticotropic hormone-dependent testicular tumours, which can develop in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. If left untreated, they can cause testicular tissue damage and infertility. Ultrasound is the imaging modality of choice allowing for non-invasive diagnosis provided that characteristic features are seen. In recent times, magnetic resonance imaging characteristics have also been described to aid diagnosis. Case Report This case describes the imaging features of multiple bilateral TART in a young patient with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Traditional greyscale and colour Doppler ultrasound demonstrated intratesticular, predominantly hypoechoic areas, with increased surrounding colour Doppler flow. In addition, contrast-enhanced ultrasound and strain elastography were performed, showing increased TART vascularisation and increased stiffness in the hypoechoic areas. Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging confirmed bilateral lobulated, well demarcated, intratesticular lesions, which appeared predominantly isointense on T1-weighted imaging, hypointense on T2-weighted imaging, with heterogeneous enhancement following gadolinium administration. Discussion This case illustrates the sonographic features including greyscale, colour Doppler, contrast and elastography ultrasound of TART in a patient with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Both contrast-enhanced ultrasound and elastography can provide information about tissue properties not normally derived from conventional ultrasound and aid accurate diagnosis. Additional magnetic resonance imaging is not normally required with typical ultrasound appearances. The unusual findings seen on the ultrasound examination were likely secondary to poor compliance with treatment. Conclusion Familiarity and recognition of characteristic and uncommon imaging features of these tumours are important to avoid misdiagnosis and surgical intervention.

scholarly journals Magnetic Resonance Imaging features of breasts in patients

1970 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahnaz Choudhury ◽  
Ichiro Isomoto ◽  
Kuniaki Hyashi
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Nipple Discharge ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Histopathological Correlation ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Highly Sensitive

A retrospective study was conducted to demonstrate the potential role of dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCEMRI) in the detection of breast lesions in 15 patients with nipple discharge. The DCEMRI findings were compared and correlated with the findings of ultrasonography and mammography. The results revealed that the character of the nipple discharge was mostly bloody and in few cases were serous. The imaging findings revealed that DCEMRI is highly sensitive and specific in the detection of breast canner and the histopathological correlation in such detection was highly significant (p<0.001) as compared to ultrasonography and mammography finding.Keywords: Magnetic Resonance Imaging; BreastDOI: 10.3329/bmrcb.v34i2.1174Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2008; 34: 44-47

scholarly journals A Case Report on Acanthomatous Ameloblastoma of the Anterior Mandible with Brief Review on Advanced Imaging Diagnosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nivedita Chinam ◽  
Aniket Vaidya ◽  
Manisha Khorate ◽  
Sonam Khurana
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
High Recurrence Rate ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Imaging Diagnosis ◽  
Advanced Imaging ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
Epithelial Origin ◽  
Anterior Mandible

AbstractAmeloblastoma is the most common benign odontogenic tumor of epithelial origin. It exhibits a locally aggressive behavior and high recurrence rate with multitude of factors involving in its molecular pathogenesis. This article reports a case of acanthomatous ameloblastoma involving the mandible in a 60-year-old male patient with peculiar imaging characteristics. The role of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis of conventional ameloblastoma has been elaborately emphasized in the discussion. Although the final diagnosis is based on histopathological features, physicians should be aware of the role of advanced imaging for diagnosis of ameloblastoma and for better surgical management.

scholarly journals Multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumor of the cerebrum: three case reports

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Antônio Gláuber Uchôa Lessa ◽  
Lucas Alverne Freitas de Albuquerque ◽  
Norma Martins de Menezes Morais ◽  
Daniel Aguiar Dias ◽  
Paulo Ribeiro Nóbrega
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Neoplastic Lesion ◽  
Mri Features ◽  
Rare Lesion ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Neuronal Tumor

Multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumor (MVNT) of the cerebrum is a seizure-associated rare lesion that currently appears to be a malformative lesion or hamartoma rather than a low-grade neoplastic lesion. MVNT pathognomonic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features allow for diagnostic accuracy in the differential diagnosis. Lesions are usually asymptomatic, nonprogressive and incidentally found requiring only imaging monitoring over time. Although uncommon, it is important to be familiar with MVNT clinical presentation and key imaging features. We here present a series of three cases with imaging findings similar to those described in the literature. These patients were followed with serial neuroimaging.

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