Blast mitigation using polymeric 3D printed auxetic re-entrant honeycomb structures: A preliminary study

2021 ◽  
pp. 204141962110520
Author(s):  
Richard Critchley ◽  
Rachael Hazael ◽  
Kamran Bhatti ◽  
David Wood ◽  
Alan Peare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Protective Measure ◽  
Blast Mitigation ◽  
Improvised Explosive Device ◽  
Honeycomb Structures ◽  
Blast Response ◽  
Auxetic Structures ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Improvised Explosive

Protection of critical infrastructure in an urban environment is a challenging task, specifically against the vehicle bourne improvised explosive device threat. To design infrastructure to withstand this evolving threat, novel solutions and advanced materials need to be developed. One such material of interest are auxetics. This study experimentally analysed the mitigation of blast response of auxetic re-entrant honeycomb structures, with geometries varying between −ve 30° and +ve 30° using additive manufacturing (3D printing) techniques and non-explosive loading via shock tube. Re-entrant auxetic structures (−ve 15°) exhibited repeatable blast mitigation of 23% and reduced the transmitted pressure and impulse of the blast wave. Further highlighting their potential application as a protective measure to enhance a structures blast survivability.

Benefit of Distributed Security Queuing for Reducing Risks Associated With Improvised Explosive Device Attacks in Airport Terminals

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Grant ◽  
Mark G. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Improvised Explosive Device ◽  
Suicide Bombers ◽  
Distributed Security ◽  
Explosive Device ◽  
Airport Terminals ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Improvised Explosive

Brussels Airport ceased operations for 12 days after a coordinated improvised explosive device (IED) attack by suicide bombers in March 2016, demonstrating that critical transport hubs can be disrupted for significant durations by terrorists. Designers of critical infrastructure need to consider countermeasures to such attacks, reducing a target's attractiveness and improving opportunities for business continuity. This can be achieved by considering the cost–benefit of potential countermeasures during the design phase for infrastructure. This paper uses a probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) model for IED attack to assess the costs and benefits of using distributed security queuing at airport terminals. Our results demonstrate that the use of distributed security queuing will offer casualty reductions when used in preference to centralized security queuing. However, when considering the cost–benefit of introducing distributed security queuing, on the basis of a single small to medium IED attack, it is likely that implementing this countermeasure would not be deemed cost-effective from a purely financial perspective, particularly when the threat likelihood is very low.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Efficacy of Homemade and Industrially Made ANFO Explosives as an Improvised Explosive Device Charge 

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Lucia Figuli ◽  
Vladimir Kavicky ◽  
Stefan Jangl ◽  
Zuzana Zvakova
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Improvised Explosive Device ◽  
Aluminium Powder ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Explosive Device ◽  
Improvised Explosive

More than 95 % of all the terrorist attacks are carried out using the ANFO explosives. The ANFO explosives are explosives made from ammonium nitrate and fuel oil. They can be in three different variants (ammonium nitrate with oil, ammonium nitrate with oil and aluminium powder or ammonium nitrate with oil and TNT). This paper describes analysis of the field test results of ANFO explosives of different types. The efficacy of industrially made and the homemade ANFO explosives is compared and their possible usage in terrorist attacks for the treatment or the damage of critical infrastructure elements is described.

Developing the Second Generation of Improvised Explosive Device Detector Dog

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Dorman ◽  
Barbara Sherman ◽  
Margaret Gruen ◽  
Richard Fish ◽  
Melanie L. Foster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Second Generation ◽  
Improvised Explosive Device ◽  
Explosive Device ◽  
Improvised Explosive

Biomimetic Design of 3D Printed Tissue-engineered bone Constructs

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Liu ◽  
Shifeng Liu ◽  
Yunzhe Li ◽  
Peng Zhou ◽  
Qian ma
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Bionic Design ◽  
Material Interfaces ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Cell Printing ◽  
Biomimetic Scaffolds ◽  
3D Printed

Abstract:: Surgery to repair damaged tissue, which is caused by disease or trauma, is being carried out all the time, and a desirable treatment is compelling need to regenerate damaged tissues to further improve the quality of human health. Therefore, more and more research focus on exploring the most suitable bionic design to enrich available treatment methods. 3D-printing, as an advanced materials processing approach, holds promising potential to create prototypes with complex constructs that could reproduce primitive tissues and organs as much as possible or provide appropriate cell-material interfaces. In a sense, 3D printing promises to bridge between tissue engineering and bionic design, which can provide an unprecedented personalized recapitulation with biomimetic function under the precise control of the composition and spatial distribution of cells and biomaterials. This article describes recent progress in 3D bionic design and the potential application prospect of 3D printing regenerative medicine including 3D printing biomimetic scaffolds and 3D cell printing in tissue engineering.

scholarly journals (A20) Injury Pattern and Disaster Plan for Landmines and Improvised Explosive Device Blast

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S1) ◽  
pp. s6-s6
Author(s):  
S.K. Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
Common Type ◽  
Injury Pattern ◽  
Limb Amputation ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Disaster Plan ◽  
Emergency Department Care ◽  
Improvised Explosive Device ◽  
Pattern Of Injury ◽  
Explosive Device ◽  
Improvised Explosive

Landmines and improvised explosive device (IED) explosions induce bodily injuries through the primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary mechanisms of blast among civilians, mostly children which results in a complicated, multidimensional injury pattern. If > 80 percent of countries can ensure the security of their borders without using anti-personnel mines, surely India can too. A change in mindset and a change in defense doctrine are needed, as well as an UN-backed world body campaigning against the use of landmines to urge the Indian government to sign a global treaty to ban the weapons. An estimated four to five million anti-personnel mines exist in India, which is the sixth-largest stockpile in the world. Non-state armed groups in the central, southern, northern, and northeastern regions frequently have used anti-personnel mines and improvised explosive devices to target convoys of soldiers and civilians. Using historical, current research and related literature reviews, this study provides description about the types of explosion, the device, pattern of injury, prehospital and emergency department care, and challenges for the disaster plan. Hand amputation is the most common type of upper limb amputation (more common among the 7–18-year age group) and below-knee amputation is the most common type of lower limb amputation. Using these data, a focused disaster response for future attacks has been created. It includes the planning, monitoring, and coordination of all aspects by hospitals and the regional disaster system's plan—“upside-down” triage—the most severely injured arrive after the less injured, which bypass emergency medical services (EMS) and go directly to the nearest hospitals. Details about the nature of the explosion, potential toxic exposures and environmental hazards, and casualty location from police, fire, EMS, health department, and reliable news sources must be recorded.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document