Head, chest and limbs mine-explosive wounds

The article presents the experience of treating wounded K., 29 years old, who, as a result of the suicide bombing of a homemade shell-free explosive device in a moving car of the St. Petersburg Metro 03.04.2017 received a severe mine-explosive combined wound to the head, chest and limbs with a fragmented blind skull. The trauma was accompanied by brain damage, a fracture of the cranial vault bones, lungs contusion, and fragmented fracture of the right tibia bones. The patient underwent sequential bifrontal decompressive craniotomy, external fixation of the right shin bones fractures, blocked intramedullary osteosynthesis of the latter, dura mater plasty, cranioplasty with a titanium plate after its computer modeling. The complex treatment allowed the patient to be discharged from the hospital after 4 months in a satisfactory condition.

Lower Leg Injury Mechanism Investigation During an IED Blast Under a Vehicle Using an Anatomic Leg Model

Attacks with improvised explosive device (IED) constituted the main threat to, for example, Polish soldiers in Iraq and Afghanistan. Improving safety during transport in an armored vehicle has become an important issue. The main purpose of the presented research is to investigate the mechanism of lower leg injuries during explosion under an armored vehicle. Using a numerical anatomic model of the lower leg, the analysis of the leg position was carried out. In all presented positions, the stress limit of 160 (MPa) was reached, which indicates bone damage. There is a difference in stress distribution in anatomic elements pointing to different injury mechanisms.

MUF Calculation of Indonesian 10-MWt RDE Experimental HTGR Using Combined Uncertainty Approach

A safeguards assessment for the 10-MWt RDE Experimental HTGR needs to be established in order to fulfill the requirements needed to construct it. Methods and instruments used for the RDE’s nuclear material accounting and safeguards system are reviewed in this paper. Material unaccounted for (MUF) is calculated using the uncertainty of each method and instrument. The effectiveness of the safeguards system is examined by comparing the resulting MUF with the number of SQ ( = significant quantity, i.e. the approximate amount of nuclear material for which the possibility of manufacturing of a nuclear explosive device cannot be excluded). The total uncertainty from each KMP showed a number less than 10%. The number of MUF in each KMP according to total uncertainty showed a number below 1 kg of U-235 in one inventory period (~12 months). According to the number of MUF counted, it is impossible to reach 1 SQ if the diversion done is only by taking the advantage of MUF in the measurement. The result of total uncertainty and MUF calculation showed that the safeguards system and the material measurement designed for RDE is amendable. The sets of instruments and measurements designed will give a comprehensive data of each nuclear material in the RDE. The low number of MUF in comparison with the SQ showed that the RDE has a high proliferation resistance.

Least Risk Bomb Location Explosives Identification, Detection and Mitigation

This paper investigates the still evolving strategic trajectories and the context adopted for the procedures for inducting a Least Risk Bomb Location (LRBL) that began with discretionary participation by various aircraft manufacturers approximately in the year 1972, where the use of a specific procedure has been designed to decrease the effects of an explosion significantly in the aircraft’s passenger cabins of large commercial airplanes. Additionally, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has provided the information on the location of the LRBL and guidance to various operators (National/International)on the procedures to use when a suspected threat item is found on-board an airplane. The designation of LRBL for aero planes is intended to be used solely for the transport of cargo, where an aero plane must include a designated location where a bomb or other explosive device could be designated to protect integrity of the structure and flight-critical systems from damage in the case of detonation occurs.

Buccal mucosa graft tube urethroplasty for the treatment of bulbopenile urethral trauma accompanied with massive tissue loss due to improvised explosive device injury

Urinary diversion with suprapubic cystostomy and delayed urethroplasty is recommended for the treatment of penetrating posterior urethral traumas. A devastating urethral trauma caused by a blast injury due to an improvised explosive device is an extremely rare clinical condition and treatment options are limited due to accompanying massive tissue and muscle loss. Staged urethral reconstruction using a pedicled gracilis muscle flap with a skin or buccal mucosa graft is the preferred treatment option for complex urethral traumas. In case of a devastated urethra due to an intensive explosive device injury, treatment options are limited, especially if the gracilis muscle cannot be used. We report the case of a 30-year-old male patient with a devastated bulbopenile urethra and massive local tissue and adjacent muscle loss including the gracilis muscle. The patient was successfully treated by buccal mucosa graft tube urethroplasty. Urethral stricture recurred but was successfully treated by means of endoscopy. At 24 months’ follow-up, the patient was continent and urinated normally.

Characteristics of Homemade Explosive Materials and the Possibilities of their Identification

One of the greatest challenges for explosive ordnance disposal operators is the disarming process of an improvised explosive device. These dangerous devices are often made from homemade explosive. Committing a bomb attack in urban areas is a basic weapon of terrorists, which may claim civilians’ lives. The main aim of experts is to avoid any lethal attack and to stop terrorists who endanger our life. Identifying homemade explosives may also help during the fight against terrorism since information may be provided this way, which is essential for professionals who work in the areas of operations. Usage of high-tech equipment provides stable and reliable background in the field of explosives’ analysis.

A Simulation Algorithm Capable Of Modelling Spatial Impact Points From The Neutralization Of An Improvised Explosive Device

An improvised explosive device (IED) is a bomb constructed from unknown materials, often concealed, such as inside an innocuous container, and deployed in unconventional ways resulting in a potentially deadly weapon. Public safety personnel such as Explosive Disposal Units (EDUs), are trained in the safe handling of explosives and the threats posed by IEDs. One method of neutralizing a suspect IED is to use water fired from a high-powered dispersion weapon commonly known as a disrupter cannon. Our research proposes an algorithm for developing an IED neutralization simulation that can emulate real-world physical effects of the successful neutralization of an IED without danger to the public or first responders. This algorithm includes 6 methodologies with the goal of providing EDU with additional information on the potential physical dispersion of the components of an IED and any major points of impact (splatter) and possible actionable intelligence on the pose and direction of a disrupter cannon for a successful neutralization of an IED. We have developed a prototype simulation based on this algorithm and evaluated the simulation with an appropriate real-world disrupter and compared the real-world splatter to our simulation’s splatter. We argue systems developed with our algorithm may provide relevant information directly from the simulation and can be accurately used to analyze particle dispersion for the purposes of augmenting EDU IED neutralization processes.

A Simulation Algorithm Capable Of Modelling Spatial Impact Points From The Neutralization Of An Improvised Explosive Device

An improvised explosive device (IED) is a bomb constructed from unknown materials, often concealed, such as inside an innocuous container, and deployed in unconventional ways resulting in a potentially deadly weapon. Public safety personnel such as Explosive Disposal Units (EDUs), are trained in the safe handling of explosives and the threats posed by IEDs. One method of neutralizing a suspect IED is to use water fired from a high-powered dispersion weapon commonly known as a disrupter cannon. Our research proposes an algorithm for developing an IED neutralization simulation that can emulate real-world physical effects of the successful neutralization of an IED without danger to the public or first responders. This algorithm includes 6 methodologies with the goal of providing EDU with additional information on the potential physical dispersion of the components of an IED and any major points of impact (splatter) and possible actionable intelligence on the pose and direction of a disrupter cannon for a successful neutralization of an IED. We have developed a prototype simulation based on this algorithm and evaluated the simulation with an appropriate real-world disrupter and compared the real-world splatter to our simulation’s splatter. We argue systems developed with our algorithm may provide relevant information directly from the simulation and can be accurately used to analyze particle dispersion for the purposes of augmenting EDU IED neutralization processes.