Disciplining the Akratic user: Constructing digital (un)wellness

2021 ◽  
pp. 205015792110387
Author(s):  
Chad J. Valasek
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Behavioral Science ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Behavior Change ◽  
Delay Of Gratification ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
The Subject

Contemporary discourse around digital well-being tends to focus on self-control when it comes to “addicting” social media apps and digital devices. By acting on behalf of users, designers and engineers promote various self-regulating products and services in order for users to “fix” the distractible brains of typical users. This paper explores the role of the history of psychology on user-experience thinking and engineering and provides a critical genealogy of digital well-being discourse and persuasive technology. In particular, I expand on the role of dual-process models in human–computer interaction and health behavior change from the 1980s to today. By exploring the social construction of the distracted, impulsive, “primitive” animal brain (system 1), I find that it is this part of the mind that the engineer wishes to “treat,” via app design. In order to tame this “primitive” brain, researchers and engineers have turned to behavioral science, hoping to better structure user options and encourage users to manage their own time and normalize screen habits. I argue that normality discourses like this are founded upon ideas of time management and delay of gratification, whereas abnormality is tied to ideas of immediate gratification and time wasting. This dichotomy is not simply to enforce social norms around time wasting, but reinforces social and econoimc inequities. Therefore, unlike some other approaches to digital well-being, I urge future scholarship on the subject to examine the taken-for-granted social-cultural context, which will lead not only to a more politically nuanced understanding of the subject but may also lead to further discussions over how digital well-being could be conceived otherwise.

scholarly journals Delayed gratification in New Caledonian crows and young children: influence of reward type and visibility

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael Miller ◽  
Anna Frohnwieser ◽  
Martina Schiestl ◽  
Dakota E. McCoy ◽  
Russell D. Gray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Delay Of Gratification ◽  
Comparative Investigation ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Delayed Gratification ◽  
New Caledonian Crows ◽  
Species Comparisons ◽  
The Subject

Abstract Self-control underlies cognitive abilities such as decision making and future planning. Delay of gratification is a measure of self-control and involves obtaining a more valuable outcome in the future by tolerating a delay or investing a greater effort in the present. Contextual issues, such as reward visibility and type, may influence delayed gratification performance, although there has been limited comparative investigation between humans and other animals, particularly non-primate species. Here, we adapted an automated ‘rotating tray’ paradigm used previously with capuchin monkeys to test for delay of gratification ability that requires little pre-test training, where the subject must forgo an immediate, less preferred reward for a delayed, more preferred one. We tested New Caledonian crows and 3–5-year-old human children. We manipulated reward types to differ in quality or quantity (Experiments 1 and 2) as well as visibility (Experiment 2). In Experiments 1 and 2, both species performed better when the rewards varied in quality as opposed to quantity, though performed above chance in both conditions. In Experiment 1, both crows and children were able to delay gratification when both rewards were visible. In Experiment 2, 5-year-old children outperformed 3- and 4-year olds, though overall children still performed well, while the crows struggled when reward visibility was manipulated, a result which may relate to difficulties in tracking the experimenters’ hands during baiting. We discuss these findings in relation to the role of contextual issues on self-control when making species comparisons and investigating the mechanisms of self-control.

A dual process on shopping well-being across shopping contexts: the role of shopping values and impulse buying

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ho Trong Nghia ◽  
Svein Ottar Olsen ◽  
Nguyen Thi Mai Trang
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Online Shopping ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Impulse Buying ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Duality Approach ◽  
Moderating Role

PurposeAdopting the duality approach, this study aims to examine cognitive and affective associations between shopping values, impulse buying tendencies and consumer shopping well-being. In addition, the study also aims to test the moderating role of self-control and compare the proposed relationships across the offline and online shopping contexts.Design/methodology/approachA survey dataset was collected from a sample of 529 offline and online consumers in Vietnam. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was employed to test the proposed relationships among the studied constructs.FindingsThe consequence of impulse buying is positive and affect-based. In addition, the positive associations between shopping values and impulse buying via dual process are validated and moderated by self-control. In addition, the association between cognitive impulse buying and shopping well-being is stronger in the online shopping context, whereas hedonic value has more influence on affective impulse buying in the offline shopping context. All other relationships are not statistically different across the two shopping contexts.Originality/valueThis study introduces an appropriate theoretical framework for studying impulse buying—the duality approach. Second, the research validates the dual process and positive consequence of impulse buying. Third, self-control's moderating role is validated, whereas the studied associations are initially compared across shopping contexts.

scholarly journals Effects of Self-Control on Subjective Well-Being: Examining the Moderating Role of Trait and State Motivation

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guojun Zhao ◽  
Fusen Xie ◽  
Yuchen Luo ◽  
Yixuan Liu ◽  
Yuan Chong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Ego Depletion ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
State Motivation ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Moderating Role

It is well documented that self-control has a positive effect on individuals’ subjective well-being. However, little research has focused on the moderators underlying this relationship. The present research used two studies to examine the moderating role of both trait and state motivation on the relationship between self-control and subjective well-being using psychometric and experimental models, respectively. In Study 1, we explored whether trait motivation (including promotion vs. prevention motivation) moderated the relationship between trait self-control and subjective well-being using a psychometric model. In Study 2, we examined the moderating effects of both trait and state motivation on the effect of state self-control (measured via ego depletion) on subjective well-being using an experimental model. Our results indicated that self-control had a positive effect on subjective well-being, with this relationship being primarily moderated by prevention motivation. When state and trait prevention motivations were congruent, self-control had the most obvious impact on subjective well-being. This study suggests that current understandings around the association between self-control and happiness is limited, implying that motivation should be the focus of future research.

scholarly journals Psychological Well-Being Narapidana Remaja Di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas IIA Sidoarjo

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivi Widya Susanti ◽  
Effy Wardati Maryam
Keyword(s):  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Essential Condition ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Interviewing Technique ◽  
Self Potential

The entry of youth into the prisons would lead them to the loss of independence, difficulties in adapting, and lonely feeling, which ultimately affects the condition of psychological well-being. Here, psychological well-being is an essential condition to make teenagers, i.e., convicts, be able to defend their lives for serving a sentence. The study aims to provide an overview of the psychological well-being of juvenile prisoners and to investigate the factors that influence the formation of psychological well-being. In this case, the study employs an exploratory qualitative approach to the subject of two teenage inmates. The prison chosen is located in Class II A Sidoarjo. The data are obtained from interviewing technique and field notes. The results show that inmates have better psychological well-being than when they entered the prison early. The condition is proved at the subjects’ ability to adjust themselves to the environment, develop self-potential, accept themselves in a positive attitude, self-control and self-reliant, have a purpose to live and be able to establish positive relationships with others. Meanwhile, the factors that influence the formation of psychological well-being in inmates are social support, social interaction, and social skills while they are in a prison.

scholarly journals The Role of Hope in Predicting Psychological Well-Being of Soldiers with Self-Control Mediation

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-210
Author(s):  
Ahmadi Shurke Tucanlou. A ◽  
Asghari Ebrahimabad. MJ ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Psychological Well Being

Ye Cannot Serve God and Mammon

2021 ◽  
pp. 158-198
Author(s):  
Hud Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Stable Set ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
God's Will ◽  
Priming Condition ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Objective List

This final chapter begins by articulating a particular conception of the virtue of obedience and detailing its four components—humility, restraint, response, and love—and by showing how they work together both to nurture an abiding and deeply seated pro-attitude towards uniting one’s will with God’s will and also to create and maintain a robust and stable set of dispositions aimed at succeeding in this aim. It then illustrates the virtue of obedience in action, discusses its relation to happiness, and remarks on the role of perseverance, the difficult mission of anyone who commits to acquiring and developing this virtue in life. A refinement to the objective-list theories of well-being (or flourishing) is then proposed, followed by a formulation and defense of a new objective-list theory that attempts to state the conditions of receptivity in a subject in addition to identifying the range of welfare goods in the world. The virtue of obedience, it is argued, is not only one among many welfare goods, but plays a unique role vis-à-vis the other goods on the list, insofar as it serves as the priming condition under which they can realize the full extent of their value in the subject in which they manifest. Finally, the most worrisome aspects of the views defended in this book are identified, sympathetically presented with force and fairness, and addressed.

scholarly journals Exercise Might Be Good for Me, But I Don’t Feel Good About It: Do Automatic Associations Predict Exercise Behavior?

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Bluemke ◽  
Ralf Brand ◽  
Geoffrey Schweizer ◽  
Daniela Kahlert
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Times ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Exercise Psychology ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Dual Process Models ◽  
Priming Task ◽  
Ordinal Regression Model ◽  
Sport And Exercise

Models employed in exercise psychology highlight the role of reflective processes for explaining behavior change. However, as discussed in social cognition literature, information-processing models also consider automatic processes (dual-process models). To examine the relevance of automatic processing in exercise psychology, we used a priming task to assess the automatic evaluations of exercise stimuli in physically active sport and exercise majors (n = 32), physically active nonsport majors (n = 31), and inactive students (n = 31). Results showed that physically active students responded faster to positive words after exercise primes, whereas inactive students responded more rapidly to negative words. Priming task reaction times were successfully used to predict reported amounts of exercise in an ordinal regression model. Findings were obtained only with experiential items reflecting negative and positive consequences of exercise. The results illustrate the potential importance of dual-process models in exercise psychology.

The study of Latin grammar in eighth-century Southumbria

1983 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 43-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivien Law
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Eighth Century ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Grammatical Tradition ◽  
Scholarly Attention

Insular Latinity – its origins, characteristics, affiliations and dissemination – has attracted much attention in the last decade. One area which has benefited from this increased interest is the investigation of the Latin grammars written by Insular scholars: consider, for example, the editions of Insular grammatical writings recently published in the Corpus Christianorum Series Latina. But it is noteworthy that the Anglo-Latin grammarians have profited far less from this upsurge in interest than their Irish counterparts. Although Anglo-Latin as well as Hiberno-Latin texts have been among those recently edited, and have been the subject of several specialized studies, they have failed to excite scholarly attention to the same extent as the Irish works. Their origin, history, relationship and cultural context have not yet been satisfactorily established. Studies such as the series of articles by Louis Holtz, tracing the evolution of the study of grammar in Ireland and the relationship of the surviving texts to one another, are lacking for the Anglo-Latin grammarians. Yet the unknown factors in early England are scarcely fewer. To take one example, the fundamental problem of the rôle of the Irish in the creation of an Anglo-Latin grammatical tradition has hardly been touched upon. Indeed, that the Anglo-Saxons can even be credited with a grammatical tradition of their own has been questioned. Too often, the few surviving Anglo-Latin grammars are held up as an isolated phenomenon and contrasted with the prolific outpourings of a diligent host of Irishanonymi. It is the purpose of this article to investigate the evidence for the study of Latin grammar in England south of the Humber up to the time of its best-known manifestations, the grammars of Tatwine and Boniface, in the early eighth century.

scholarly journals PERAN ORANG TUA DALAM PENYESUAIAN DIRI ANAK TUNAGRAHITA DI SEKOLAH LUAR BIASA PGRI GENTENG BANYUWANGI

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Eka Ramiati ◽  
Yuli Tri Andini
Keyword(s):  
Married Couples ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Mental Disability ◽  
Disabled Children ◽  
Mentally Disabled ◽  
Know How ◽  
Normal People ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Role Of Parents

Being a parent is a very meaningful gift to every couple, especially with the presence of a child who is the epitome of love for both of her parents. If a child is born in a state of mental disability or a tunagrahita, then the parent will begin to think about how they should raise the child who is mentally disabled. The fact that is happening in the community about the parenting of disabled is the number of parents who let even hide the children of disabled because of shame, but there are also parents who give good parenting to them. The purpose of this study is to explain and give an overview of the form of self-adjustment and the cause of the children's causes, the factors that cause self-adjustment in children, the factors that influence self-adjustment Children and to know how the role of parents in assisting the self-adjustment of the child is a disabled. The study used a qualitative approach in the form of case studies. The characteristics of the subject in this study were 15-year-old disabled children and male genders, while the characteristics of respondents in this study were married couples who had a 30-50-year-old child of disabled . Based on the results of the research known that the form of self-adjustment of children such as those who want to be independent, have the same desire with normal people, social interaction, have self control, and confident. The cause of child disabled is due to high fever pain (convulsions) and the economic difficulties of the subject family, so that their child is too late to get treatment that eventually leads to disabled. Factors that are the cause of self-adjustment in the child are physical and psychological factors and environmental factors, namely the attention of the environment, such as family members and neighbors around the place of residence. In an effort to adjust itself, the child needs a good role of parents, which provides proper support and parenting. Parenting roles include material support, attention support, parental acceptance, advice and parenting.

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