scholarly journals Functional Analysis Is Dead: Long Live Functional Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan G. Hofmann ◽  
Steven C. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Behavior Therapy ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
Processes Of Change ◽  
Guiding Principle ◽  
Intervention Science ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Latent Disease ◽  
Level Of Analysis

In this rejoinder, we discuss the commonalities and differences of the commentaries to our target article. Each commentary agreed with our basic message that intervention science needs to move from the DSM-governed protocols-for-syndrome approach to process-based treatments. Functional analysis has been a guiding principle since the early days of behavior therapy but lost its dominance with the rise of the latent disease model of psychiatry. This model gave rise to disorder-specific treatments with limited benefit to patients and science. We now have the tools and expertise to study human complexity grounded in an understanding of processes of change drawn from and fully applicable to the psychological level of analysis.

scholarly journals Functional analysis of Gpnmb gene in Alzheimer's disease model mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (0) ◽  
pp. 2-O-067
Author(s):  
Kohichi Kawahara ◽  
Natsuki Kumakura ◽  
Yukina Kojima ◽  
Takuya Hasegawa ◽  
Takehiko Maeda
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Disease Model

scholarly journals Functional analysis in behavior therapy

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 649-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen N. Haynes ◽  
William H. O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Behavior Therapy

scholarly journals Examining the ACT Model in the Case Study of Taro

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 272
Author(s):  
Steven Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Processes Of Change ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Evidence Based Model

<p>ACT is a functional contextual form of behavioral and cognitive therapy. It shares commonalities with other contextualistic approaches such as constructivist or narrative therapies, but it differs in its scientific goals. Because of these differences, it is oriented toward manipulable processes linked to basic principles. In this commentary I describe these characteristics and link them to the target article (Muto &amp; Mitamura, 2015). I discuss how a major value of case studies of this kind is the exploration in an intensive way of the links between a model and treatment decisions, processes of change, and outcomes. This recasts somewhat the use of case studies and time series designs in the empirical investigations of ACT, and provides special opportunities for the examination of cultural factors in the application of an evidence-based model. Finally, I note how ACT may help bring together some of the wings of clinical work in Japan.</p>

The rationality debate as a progressive research program

2003 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith E. Stanovich ◽  
Richard F. West
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Rationality ◽  
Major Theme ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Heuristics And Biases ◽  
Target Article ◽  
System 2 ◽  
System 1 ◽  
Level Of Analysis ◽  
Genetic Fitness ◽  
Do So

We did not, as Brakel & Shevrin imply, intend to classify either System 1 or System 2 as rational or irrational. Instrumental rationality is assessed at the organismic level, not at the subpersonal level. Thus, neither System 1 nor System 2 are themselves inherently rational or irrational. Also, that genetic fitness and instrumental rationality are not to be equated was a major theme in our target article. We disagree with Bringsjord & Yang's point that the tasks used in the heuristics and biases literature are easy. Bringsjord & Yang too readily conflate the ability to utilize a principle of rational choice with the disposition to do so. Thus, they undervalue tasks in the cognitive science literature that compellingly reveal difficulties with the latter. We agree with Newton & Roberts that models at the algorithmic level of analysis are crucial, but we disagree with their implication that attention to issues of rationality at the intentional level of analysis impedes work at the algorithmic level of analysis.

Which behavioral consequences matter? The importance of frame of reference in explaining addiction

1996 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-610
Author(s):  
Gene M. Heyman
Keyword(s):  
Rate Control ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
Reinforcement Rate ◽  
Matching Law ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Basic Difference ◽  
Behavioral Consequences ◽  
Target Article ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe target article emphasizes the relationship between a matching law-based theory of addiction and the disease model of addiction. In contrast, this response emphasizes the relationship between the matching law theory and other behavioral approaches to addiction. The basic difference, I argue, is that the matching law specifies that choice is governed by local reinforcement rates. In contrast, economics says that overall reinforcement rate controls choice, and for other approaches there are other measures or no clear prediction at all. The response also differs from the target article in that there is more emphasis on the finding that stimulus conditions determine whether choice is under local or overall reinforcement rate control.

A Return to Functional Analysis, the Search for Mechanisms of Change, and the Nomothetic-Idiographic Issue in Psychosocial Interventions

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald C. Davison
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Intervention Science ◽  
Treatment Manuals ◽  
Core Issues

In this invited commentary, I provide an historical and conceptual context for “The Future of Intervention Science: Process-Based Therapy” by Stefan Hofmann and Steven Hayes (this issue, p. 37). Special attention is paid to the importance of change mechanisms in psychological intervention, the use of functional analysis instead of categorical schemes such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and treatment manuals in randomized clinical trials, and the challenge of applying nomothetic principles to individual cases. Historical context is provided for prior examination of these core issues in numerous articles and books extending back for over 60 years.

The Assessment-Treatment Relationship and Functional Analysis in Behavior Therapy

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen N. Haynes
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Behavior Problems ◽  
Behavior Therapy ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Behavioral Assessment ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Behavioral Skills ◽  
Causal Factors

Many clinical judgments affect treatment decisions in behavior therapy. For most patients psychiatric diagnosis is insufficient for behavioral treatment design because there are important between-patient differences in causal factors. Pretreatment behavioral assessment is necessary to insure the most effective treatment strategy. Behavioral treatment programs are often based on assessment-based judgments about patient behavior problems, goals, and causal variables. These judgments and the subsequent methods of assessment, however, are affected by the tenets of the respective behavioral assessment paradigm. Such tenets include the multimodal, conditional, and dynamic nature of behavior problems; the importance of behavior in the natural environment, reciprocal determinism; and multiple, dynamic, and between-person differences in causal factors. Behavioral, as opposed to nonbehavioral, assessment methods are often lower-level, less inferential, focus on situational factors, and emphasize observation and behavioral skills in the natural environment. The functional analysis is the integration of pretreatment assessment data on a patient. It identifies the important, controllable, causal relationships applicable to specified behaviors for an individual patient. The Functional Analytic Clinical Case Model is an efficient method of organizing and communicating about the functional analysis.

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