scholarly journals Contact With an Ex-Partner Is Associated With Psychological Distress After Marital Separation

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 450-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karey L. O’Hara ◽  
Austin M. Grinberg ◽  
Allison M. Tackman ◽  
Matthias R. Mehl ◽  
David A. Sbarra
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Psychological Adjustment ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Marital Separation ◽  
Person Variable ◽  
Over Time

In this study, we examined the association between naturalistically observed in-person contact with an ex-partner and separation-related psychological distress (SRPD). One hundred twenty-two recently separated adults were assessed using the Electronically Activated Recorder on three occasions across 5 months. The association between in-person contact with an ex-partner, as a between-person variable, and concurrent SRPD was not reliably different from zero, nor was the time-varying effect of in-person contact. However, more frequent in-person contact with an ex-partner predicted higher SRPD 2 months later, above and beyond the variance accounted for by concurrent in-person contact, demographic, relationship, and attachment factors. Follow-up analyses showed that this effect was present only for people without children; a 1 SD increase in in-person contact offset and slowed the predicted decline in SRPD over 2 months by 112%. In our discussion, we emphasize new ways to think about the role of in-person contact in shaping adults’ psychological adjustment to separation over time.

scholarly journals PREPRINT: Contact and Psychological Adjustment following Divorce/Separation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karey O'Hara ◽  
Austin Grinberg ◽  
Allison Mary Tackman ◽  
Matthias R. Mehl ◽  
David Sbarra
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Psychological Adjustment ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Standard Deviation Increase ◽  
Interpersonal Contact ◽  
Person Variable ◽  
Over Time

This study examined the association between naturalistically-observed in-person contact with one’s ex-partner and separation-related psychological distress (SRPD). 122 recently separated adults were assessed using the Electronically Activated Recorder (Mehl, 2017) on three occasions across five months. The association between in-person contact with one’s expartner, as a between-person variable, and concurrent SRPD was not reliably different from zero, nor was the time-varying effect of in-person contact. However, more frequent in-person contact with one’s ex-partner predicted higher SRPD two months later, above and beyond the variance accounted for by oncurrent in-person contact, demographic, relationship, and attachment factors. Follow-up analyses yielded that this effect was only present for people without children; a one standard deviation increase in in-person contact offset and slowed the predicted decline in SRPD over two months by 112%. Our discussion emphasizes new ways to think about the role of interpersonal contact in shaping adults’ psychological adjustment to separation over time.

scholarly journals After the end: Linguistic predictors of psychological distress 4 years after marital separation

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1872-1891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle J. Bourassa ◽  
Karen Hasselmo ◽  
David A. Sbarra
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Stressful Life Event ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
First Person ◽  
Marital Separation ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
First Person Plural ◽  
Over Time

Divorce is a stressful life event that is associated with increased risk for poor mental and physical health. A key goal for research in this area is to understand individual differences in who fares well or poorly over time, and whether behavioral markers of risk immediately after a separation predict longer term adjustment. This article investigates psychological distress in a sample of separated adults ( N = 134, 84 of whom completed all follow-up assessments) who participated in an initial study and a follow-up assessment approximately 4.5 years later. Using multiple regression we examined whether two linguistic behaviors—the use of words from categories such as first-person pronouns and present tense words (verbal immediacy) and first-person plural pronouns (we-talk; e.g., “we” or “our”)—predicted self-reported psychological distress at follow-up. Increased use of first-person plural pronouns predicted greater psychological distress 4.5 years after marital separation. Additional analyses revealed that this effect was driven largely by differences in self-concept disturbance over time. The extent to which people use first-person plural pronouns following marital separation predicts increased risk for psychological distress years later, and this behavioral indicator may identify people who are at greater risk for poor adjustment over time.

scholarly journals Dynamic Signaling with Dropout Risk

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesc Dilmé ◽  
Fei Li
Keyword(s):  
Time Varying ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Indivisible Good ◽  
Initial Belief ◽  
Costly Delay ◽  
Over Time

We study the role of dropout risk in dynamic signaling. A seller privately knows the quality of an indivisible good and decides when to trade. In each period, he may draw a dropout shock that forces him to trade immediately. To avoid costly delay, the seller with a low-quality good voluntarily pools with early dropouts, implying that the expected quality of the good increases over time. We characterize the time-varying equilibrium trading dynamics. It is demonstrated that the maximum equilibrium delay of trade is decreasing in the initial belief that the good is of high quality. (JEL C73, D82, D83)

The influence of health over time on psychological distress among older couples: the moderating role of marital functioning

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Villeneuve ◽  
Gilles Trudel ◽  
Luc Dargis ◽  
Michel Préville ◽  
Richard Boyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Marital Functioning ◽  
Older Couples ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Over Time

scholarly journals Learning from prices: information aggregation and accumulation in an asset market

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Berardi
Keyword(s):  
Private Information ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Information Aggregation ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Private Signals ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Fundamental Value ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Can prices convey information about the fundamental value of an asset? This paper considers this problem in relation to the dynamic properties of the fundamental (whether it is constant or time-varying) and the structure of information available to agents. Risk-averse traders receive two potential signals each period: one exogenous and private and the other, prices, endogenous and public. Prices aggregate private information but include aggregate noise. Information can accumulate over time both through endogenous and exogenous signals. With a constant fundamental, the precision of both private and public cumulative information increases over time but agents put progressively more weight on the endogenous signals, asymptotically disregarding private ones. If the fundamental is time-varying, the use of past private signals complicates the role of prices as a source of information, since it introduces endogenous serial correlation in the price signal and cross-correlation between it and innovations in the fundamental. A modified version of the Kalman filter can still be used to extract information from prices and results show that the precision of the endogenous signals converges to a constant, with both private and public information used at all times.

scholarly journals Psychological Inflexibility as a Predictor of Sexual Functioning Among Women with Vulvovaginal Pain: A Prospective Investigation

Pain Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 3596-3602
Author(s):  
Pernilla Maathz ◽  
Ida K Flink ◽  
Linnea Engman ◽  
Johanna Ekdahl
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Functioning ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Pain Severity ◽  
Psychological Inflexibility ◽  
Chronic Pain Conditions ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Objective Persistent vulvovaginal pain affects many women and often has adverse effects on sexual functioning. Psychological inflexibility related to pain is associated with distress and functional disability across different types of chronic pain conditions, but little is known about the role of psychological inflexibility in vulvovaginal pain. The present study examines psychological inflexibility related to pain as a predictor of sexual functioning over time among women with vulvovaginal pain. Methods Questionnaires including measures of psychological inflexibility, pain severity, and sexual functioning were administered to female university students at two points in time. One hundred thirty women with vulvovaginal pain responded to the questionnaire at baseline and at follow-up after 10 months. A multiple regression model was used to explore psychological inflexibility and pain severity as predictors of sexual functioning at follow-up. Results Higher levels of psychological inflexibility and more severe pain at baseline were associated with poorer sexual functioning 10 months later. In analysis adjusting for baseline levels of sexual functioning, psychological inflexibility was the only significant predictor of sexual functioning at follow-up. Conclusions The findings provide preliminary evidence that psychological inflexibility is associated with sexual adjustment over time among women with vulvovaginal pain and point to the relevance of further examinations of the psychological inflexibility model in the context of vulvovaginal pain.

The Development of Self-Representations During the Transition to Early Adolescence: The Role of Gender, Puberty, and School Transition

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 774-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin Schaffhuser ◽  
Mathias Allemand ◽  
Beate Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Pubertal Timing ◽  
School Transition ◽  
Late Childhood ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Representation Level ◽  
Over Time

The present study investigated the development of global and domain-specific self-representations in the transition from late childhood to early adolescence and tested whether gender, puberty, and school transition help explain individual differences in change. The study was based on three measurement occasions over 2 years and included 248 adolescents (average age at T1 = 10.6 years). Findings indicated both stability and change over time. Individual differences in change were partially explained by gender and school transition. It revealed that girls experienced steeper decreasing trajectories and were more negatively affected by school transition in comparison with boys. Time-varying associations between puberty and self-representations were evident in terms of perceived pubertal timing. Findings suggest that both biological (pubertal timing) and contextual factors (school transition) play a role in explaining individual differences of self-representation level as well as their development in girls’ and boys’ transition to early adolescence.

Medication Adherence Changes in Blacks with Diabetes: A Mixed Methods Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepika Rao ◽  
Martha Maurer ◽  
Jodi Meyer ◽  
Jiaying Zhang ◽  
Olayinka O. Shiyanbola
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Illness Perceptions ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
Interpersonal Factors ◽  
Sequential Mixed Methods ◽  
Over Time

Objectives: In this study, we conducted a longitudinal evaluation of changes in medication adherence and the role of psychosocial and interpersonal factors in these changes among Blacks with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and determined barriers and facilitators of T2DM medication adherence. Methods: We used an explanatory sequential mixed methods design for a sample of 287 black adult patients with T2DM in Wisconsin. Two surveys quantitatively evaluated changes in medication adherence, psychosocial factors, and interpersonal factors over time. We conducted 10 semi-structured qualitative interviews to explore participants' perceptions of these changes. Data integration of the quantitative and qualitative findings elucidated barriers and facilitators of medication adherence. Results: Increased adherence was significantly correlated with less concerns about medicines (r = -0.31), higher self-efficacy (r = 0.47), lesser depressive symptoms (r = -0.26), and lesser negative illness perceptions (r = -0.26) at both baseline and follow-up. Patient perceptions of adherence changes included adherence motivators, social support, and complex medication regimens. Integration showed that barriers and facilitators both existed in individuals who had an increase or a decrease in adherence over time. Conclusions: Specific beliefs of Blacks towards T2DM medications must be addressed to improve their adherence. Interventions must be tailored using interpersonal factors.

Psychological distress and frailty transitions over time in community-dwelling older adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. McHugh ◽  
M. Dowling ◽  
A. Butler ◽  
B. A. Lawlor
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Observational Study Design ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽  
Over Time

ObjectivesPhysical health and, in particular, frailty may be associated with psychological factors among older adults. We aimed to investigate the relationships between aspects of psychological distress and progression of frailty over time among older adults.MethodsWe used a longitudinal observational study design with 624 participants aged over 60 years (mean age=72.75, s.d.=7.21, 68% female) completing a baseline comprehensive biopsychosocial geriatric assessment, and 447 returning for a follow-up assessment 2 years later. Aspects of psychological distress, physical health, and frailty were analysed for the purposes of this study. We employed a series of logistic regression analyses to determine psychological predictors of changing states of aspects of frailty over time.ResultsWith individual components of frailty, neuroticism and age predicted negative transitions of exhaustion and grip strength, respectively, whereas age alone was a predictor of transitions in overall frailty scores based on four components.ConclusionWe conclude that neuroticism and age may impact upon physical frailty and its progression over time in an ageing population. These findings may reflect the tendency for those with high levels of neuroticism to endorse negative symptoms, or alternatively, neuroticism may result in exhaustion via worry in an older population. Further research is required to further elucidate this relationship.

scholarly journals CERAD practice effects and attrition bias in a dementia prevention trial

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1115-1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Mathews ◽  
Erin Abner ◽  
Allison Caban-Holt ◽  
Richard Kryscio ◽  
Frederick Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Prevention Trial ◽  
Practice Effects ◽  
Cognitive Assessments ◽  
Attrition Bias ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Dementia Prevention ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACTBackground:The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) set of tests is frequently used for tracking cognition longitudinally in both clinical and research settings. Repeated cognitive assessments are an important component in measuring such changes; however, practice effects and attrition bias may obscure significant clinical change over time. The current study sought to examine the presence and magnitude of practice effects and the role of attrition bias in a sample of cognitively normal older men enrolled in a prevention trial.Method:Participants were grouped according to whether they completed five years of follow-up (n = 182) or less (n = 126). Practice effects were examined in these participants as a whole (n = 308) and by group.Results:Findings indicate that moderate practice effects exist in both groups on the CERAD T-score and that attrition bias likely does not play a contributing role in improved scores over time.Conclusion:The current study provides additional evidence and support for previous findings that repeated cognitive assessment results in rising test scores in longitudinally collected data and demonstrates that these findings are unlikely to be due to attrition.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document