Characterization of Warm-Up in Soccer: Report from Portuguese Elite Soccer Coaches

Background: Warm-up before competition and training is a strategy that is widely acknowledged to improve players’ physical condition and performance. However, the importance of warm-up is not well understood and so there is a research gap into this topic. Objective: This study aimed to characterize the warm-up of professional soccer players by differences and similarities between different coaches’ methodologies. Methods: A group of thirty-two Portuguese elite soccer coaches participated in this study An observational study design was conducted through a cross-sectional descriptive questionnaire with nineteen questions. During the questionnaire, coaches were asked to provide specific information about the warm-ups prescribed for soccer players, about their importance from a technical, physical and psychological point of view and the importance they attached to the warm-up / reheating of substitute players. The questionnaire was administered to the coaches at the end of a training session. Results: The results indicated that there is no consensus regarding the type of warm-up that should be prescribed. There are different opinions between elite coaches regarding the warm-up components that must be emphasized in order to prepare players for the game demands. Moreover, considering the tactical, technical, physical, and psychological dimensions, the coaches have different perspectives of the warm-up. Conclusion: This study allowed to conclude that there is no standard regarding the prescription of warm-up in professional soccer players, in the opinion of coaches. This is mainly due to the fact that there is a distinct appreciation in relation to the importance and influence of warm-up for performance.

An Analysis of the Effect of Saturday Home Football Games on Physical Use of University Libraries

Objective – Library science literature lacks studies on the effect of external events on the physical use of libraries, leaving a gap in understanding of would-be library patrons’ time use choices when faced with the option of using the library or attending time-bound, external events. Within academic libraries in about 900 colleges and universities in the US, weekend time use may be affected by football games. This study sought to elucidate the effect of external events on physical use of libraries by examining the effect of Saturday home football games on the physical use of the libraries in a large, academic institution. Methods – This study used a retrospective, observational study design. Gate count data for all Saturdays during the fall semesters of 2013-2018 were collected for the two primary libraries at East Carolina University (main campus’ Academic Library Services [ALS] and Laupus, a health sciences campus library), along with data on the occurrence of home football games. The relationship between gate counts and the occurrence of home football games was assessed using an independent samples t-test. Results – Saturday home football games decreased the gate count at both ALS and Laupus. For ALS, the mean physical use of the library decreased by one third (34.4%) on Saturdays with a home game. For Laupus, physical use of the library decreased by almost a quarter (22%) on Saturdays with a home game. Conclusion – Saturday home football games alter the physical use of academic libraries, decreasing the number of patrons entering the doors. Libraries may be able to adjust staffing based on reduced use of library facilities during these events.

Meta-Analysis: Relationship of History of Acute Respiratory Infections and Low Birth Weight with Stunting in Toddlers

Basic Health Research (2018) and National Socio-Economic Survey (2019) showed a high incidence of stunting in Indonesia. History of acute respiratory infection (ARI) and low birth weight (LBW) were studied as factors associated with stunting in under-five children. The research’s objective was to analyze the association between the history of ARI and LBW with the incidence of stunting in under-five children. This study was a meta-analysis. Literature searching was conducted in reputed and accredited journals in PubMed and Google Scholar, published between 2016-2020, analytic observational study design, contained OR/PR/RR with 95% confidence interval, written in English or Indonesian, and available in full-text. The meta-analysis was conducted with RevMan 5.4 application. We included 14 studies. Results showed there was a significant association between history of ARI and the incidence of stunting in under-five children, with pooled OR = 2.48 (95%CI = 1.82-3.40, p < 0.00001, I2 = 0%, p for heterogeneity = 0.66). This study showed there was a significant association between LBW and incidence of stunting, with pooled OR = 2.15 (95% CI = 1.58-2.93, p < 0.00001, I2 = 61%, p for heterogeneity = 0.005). The conclusions were there were significant associations between the history of ARI and LBW with the incidence of stunting in under-five children.

Taming the chaos: NHS professionals’ perspective of using video consulting during COVID-19 in Wales

The use of video consulting (VC) in the UK has expanded rapidly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Technology Enabled Care (TEC) Cymru, the Welsh Government and Local Health boards began implementing the National Health Service (NHS) Wales VC Service in March 2020. This has been robustly evaluated on a large-scale All-Wales basis, across a wide range of NHS Wales specialities.AimsTo understand the early use of VC in Wales from the perspective of NHS professionals using it. NHS professionals were approached by TEC Cymru to provide early data.MethodsUsing an observational study design with descriptive methods including a cross-sectional survey, TEC Cymru captured data on the use, benefits and challenges of VC from NHS professionals in Wales during August and September 2020. This evidence is based on the rapid adoption of VC in Wales, which mirrors that of other nations.ResultsA total of 1256 NHS professionals shared their VC experience. Overall, responses were positive, and professionals expressed optimistic views regarding the use and benefit of VC, even when faced with challenges on occasions.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence of general positivity, acceptance and the success of the VC service in Wales. Future research studies will now be able to explore and evaluate the implementation methods used within this study, and investigate their effectiveness in being able to achieve better outcomes through VC.

Description of Knowledge and Behavior Levels About Breast Examination (Best Self-Examination) in Adolescent Women

Breast self-examination (BSE) is done by feeling and looking at the breast itself to see the possibility of physical changes in the breast. This process is carried out so that all changes that lead to more serious conditions can be detected early. Breasts will generally feel different during menstruation. Before and during this period, most women feel that their breasts are getting tighter and denser. Therefore, women need to do a breast self-examination (BSE) every 1 month, to find out whether there is a change in the shape of the breast from time to time. This study aims to determine the level of knowledge and behavior about breast self-examination (Aware) in young women. The research used is qualitative research using a descriptive observational study design, namely conducting in-depth interviews with 4 informants which are by the interview guidelines. Based on the results of the study, 4 respondents had been interviewed according to the addresses of their respective researchers, respondents according to the characteristics of the study. And respondents have good enough knowledge about breast self-examination (BSE), respondents also behave to check their breasts regularly after menstruation.

PATTERN OF ANTIBIOTICS USE IN ADULT PATIENTS WITH URINARY TRACT INFECTION (UTI)

Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infectious disease caused by the growth and proliferation of bacteria in the urinary tract, including infections in the bladder to the renal parenchyma with a certain number of bacteria in the urine. The use of antibiotics is therapy that commonly used to treat infectious diseases caused by bacteria. Irrational use of antibiotics can lead to bacterial resistance and toxicity. Objective: To determine the rationality of using antibiotics in adult patients with a urinary tract infection (UTI) in the X Hospital Yogyakarta from January-December 2017.Methods: This study is a non-experimental study with a descriptive observational study design and retrospective data collection. The sample of this study was inpatients with a diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) and was recorded in the Medical Record X Hospital Yogyakarta for the period January-December 2017 which was included in the inclusion criteria. Results: Medical records that were included in the inclusion criteria were 61. The single most widely used antibiotic was ceftriaxone in 25 cases (44.64%) and the most widely used combination antibiotic was ceftazidime + levofloxacin in 2 cases (40%). The use of antibiotics with the right indication was 61 patients (100%), the right type was 61 patients (100%), the correct duration was 54 patients (88.52%), the right dose was 61 patients (100%), the right interval was 60 patients (98.36%) and the right route of administration was 61 patients (100%).

Physical Activity Is Associated With Lower Long-Term Incidence of Anxiety in a Population-Based, Large-Scale Study

Physical activity may prevent anxiety, but the importance of exercise intensity, sex-specific mechanisms, and duration of the effects remains largely unknown. We used an observational study design to follow 395,369 individuals for up to 21 years to investigate if participation in an ultralong-distance cross-country ski race (Vasaloppet, up to 90 km) was associated with a lower risk of developing anxiety. Skiers in the race and matched non-skiers from the general population were studied after participation in the race using the Swedish population and patient registries. Skiers (n = 197,685, median age 36 years, 38% women) had a significantly lower risk of developing anxiety during the follow-up compared to non-skiers (adjusted hazard ratio, HR 0.42). However, among women, higher physical performance (measured as the finishing time to complete the race, a proxy for higher exercise dose) was associated with an increased risk of anxiety compared to slower skiing women (HR 2.00). For men, the finishing time of the race did not significantly impact the risk of anxiety. Our results support the recommendations of engaging in physical activity to decrease the risk of anxiety in both men and women. The impact of physical performance level on the risk of anxiety requires further investigations among women.

THE PREVALENCE OF GINGIVAL RECESSION IN NORTH GUJARAT POPULATION

Background: Gingival recession (GR) is a challenging condition especially with the increasing esthetic demand of patients today. Hence, there is a need to assess the prevalence of GR and to investigate possible associations with this condition.Methods:A cross-sectional observational study design was used where a sample of 500 patients,within the age range of 18-60 years,was drawn from Department of Dentistry, GMERS Medical College and Hospital, Himatnagar. The collected data included demographic and periodontal variables, and the significance level was set at P ≤ 0.05. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square and Fisher exact test.Results:The overall prevalence of GR was 69.4%.Statistical analysis indicated a significant association between gender and GR (significant male predilection,P ≤ 0.05), and between GR and plaque biofilm due to periodontitis with 90.8% of recession cases having periodontitis. A significant association was also found between the cause and distribution of GR,where mandibular incisors showed the highest prevalence of GR.Conclusion: Gingival recession is a highly prevalent condition amongst the people in North Gujarat,with periodontitis being the fundamental cause.Frenal pull is the most prominent local factor in inducing GR in the North Gujarat population.This information can be applied by educating the population and initiating new preventive programs and awareness campaigns.

The Differences of Electrolyte and Cardiac Markers Levels in NSTEMI and STEMI Patients

Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) has become the leading cause of mortality in the world. Myocardial infarction is the most common form of CHD, which consists of NSTEMI and STEMI. Differences of sodium, potassium, chloride, troponin I and NT-ProBNP levels on NSTEMI and STEMI were not widely discussed. Previous studies of electrolyte levels and NT-ProBNP gave different results. Aim: To analyze the differences of serum sodium, potassium, chloride, troponin I and NT-ProBNP levels in NSTEMI and STEMI patients. Methods: Analytic observational study design with cross sectional approach was conducted in February-May 2019 involving 35 NSTEMI and 35 STEMI patients at the Dr. Kariadi General Hospital ED who were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Sodium, potassium and chloride levels were measured using the ISE method of the Advia biochemistry system. Troponin I levels were measured by the ELFA method on Vidas mini and NT-ProBNP levels were using the ELISA method. Differences in sodium, potassium and chloride levels between groups were analyzed using independent t-test, differences in troponin I and NT-ProBNP levels between groups were analyzed using Mann Whitney U Test. p values were considered significant if less than 0.05. Results: There are significant differences in levels of sodium (p=0.001), chloride (p=0.030), troponin I (p<0.001) and NT-ProBNP (p=0.001) between NSTEMI and STEMI patients. The difference of potassium levels is not significant between the two groups (p=0.721). Conclusion: Lower levels of sodium and chloride, higher troponin I and NT-ProBNP levels occur in STEMI rather than NSTEMI. Keywords: Electrolyte, Troponin I, NT-ProBNP, NSTEMI, STEMI