State’s Authority Concerning Health Protection in Ordinary Times and During Epidemics

Life and health as fundamental matters are major concerns for every human being. To this end, he / she should be assisted by the community in which they live. If the foundation of social life is the personalistic principle, the recognition of the primacy of the dignity of the person, among other values, is constructed on the principles of subsidiarity and solidarity. It is the role of the healthcare institution to create such conditions, in which the safest and the most effective methods of treatment and prevention are available, and the individual can consciously select which of these realises his or her good to the greatest extent, in accordance with the recognised hierarchy of values, the accepted worldview, and life goals. The aim of this article is to analyse the relationship between the community and the individual, in the field of healthcare, under normal conditions and during epidemics. The existence of specific threats may suggest that exceptions to the fundamental rules of social life: autonomy, subsidiarity, and social solidarity, are permissible. However, the recognition of the fundamental value of the dignity of the person, requires the community to apply the same rules as in normal times, although many activities of public institutions are intensified in times of more serious danger.

Torpedoing v. Carpet Bombing: Mutual Trust and the Rule of Law

The aim of this paper is to assess the most recent developments in the arising threats to the rule of law, in particular from the viewpoint of their impact on the judicial cooperation in light of the principle of mutual trust in the European Union. The paper analyses the development of this principle, the position of the Court of Justice of the European Union on the issue, and its views on recent challenges to the rule of law as a fundamental value of the EU, along with positions of other judicial bodies. The assessment then seeks to establish the impact the arising threats to rule of law in the EU, including judicial independence, may exert on the future application of the principle of mutual trust amongst judicial authorities of the Member States, and outline the implications arising therefrom.

PHILOSOPHICAL MEANING OF LANGUAGE

The article describes the ideas and philosophical views of philosophers on the history of language. From a philosophical point of view, the concept of «language» has been defined as a fundamental value for any nation. In the history of philosophical thought, «language» is considered one of the spiritual spheres of social life, considered as a value associated with human life. Philosophical analysis of the role of language in the development of a nation, state and human society as a whole. The ideas and philosophical views of the historians of philosophy on the language are determined. The philosophical meaning of the language is discussed.

My Personal HSE Commitment Program – A Valuable Web Portal to Improve the HSE Leadership at a Workplace

Safety at work is not just a priority, but a fundamental value, shared by employees, contractors and local stakeholders. People are both as the starting point and the final goal of all its actions. This is why we work hard to ensure the safety of each of us and those around us, in order to eliminate all accidents. we are all committed to spreading and strengthening a culture of safety among all our people, employees or contractors, as an essential part of our work. Companies develop campaigns and projects to promote a safe and healthy behavior in any workplace and, more in general, in everyday life. Virtuous tools and means of communication include workshops, theatre events and round table discussions, as well as video clips sharing what we learned from past safety hazards and the HSE Safety Golden Rules, our key safety rules. The continuous involvement of top management, contractors, representatives from local communities, or external guests, increases its commitment to safety. This paper presenting one of the effective program which is designed and launched by an Oil & Gas Company so to allow all HSE leaders to self-evaluate their level of commitment towards HSE-related aspects and plan a number of important activities that would ultimately increase one's level of HSE commitment and enhance the safety culture through a Web Portal program called " My Personal HSE Commitment". The portal provides the possibility to develop an action plan related to specific corrective and/or proactive actions/tasks that the user wishes to keep track of. The most important part is also, The Web tool is furthermore capable of generating a personal HSE Commitment Poster that the user "The Safety Leader" can share worldwide thanks to the portal integration with Microsoft Outlook. Moreover, users can search others Posters – allowing for the widest dissemination of one's HSE Commitment among other users. By applying this program, companies engaged all its Leaders and Management in the process of creating a strong HSE Culture and also, increasing the competition between leaders and program users by allowing each one to get access to others’ commitment posters. By taking part of this program, each user can see - online - his direct HSE Commitment and be aware of others’ results which is creating a strong and transparent ability of positive competition and real outcomes based on each one's performed activities. Once the companies applied this program, we can immediately see a considerable increase of HSE activities performed by all users and HSE leaders worldwide and this paper highlighted the results achieved & HSE performance improvement thanks to the way this program was created which helped a deep involvement of each leaders in the process of raising the HSE commitment of the company's management.

Ketika Demokrasi Menjadi Ancaman?: Kasus Jerinx dan Refleksi Kritis Bagi Pelaksanaan Demokrasi di Indonesia

The most important and fundamental value in democracy is freedom of expression. This freedom is considered a part of human rights and is the most important feature of democracy. In the times, on the one hand, the media to speak out is increasingly numerous and varied, but on the other hand there is a dilemma where this freedom is actually used to sow and spread false information or conspiracy theories without evidence. In addition, the concept of freedom of opinion has not developed much following the latest developments, so this concept is increasingly abstract because there are no clear boundaries for freedom of expression. In Indonesia, the emergence of the Law on Information and Electronic Transactions (UU ITE) is actually used as a threat to criminalize individuals whose opinions are considered to be disturbing and attack others. The Jerinx case is a very interesting case study of how freedom of opinion has actually created a counterfactual narrative. He was convicted in 2020 for making hate speech on his social media accounts. The ITE Law which allows arrests for expressing opinions is problematic because it clearly contradicts the main principle of democracy, namely freedom of expression. This research will critically examine the Jerinx case from the perspective of democratic values to see and analyze how the right to speak and have an opinion in Indonesia. The extent to which freedom of opinion is actually facilitated is considered not to violate the rights of others, and the extent to which the democratic climate has a place in Indonesia.

Econometric modeling of cost per flying hour of civil helicopters

Subject. The article addresses factors of the growing cost of flying hour, which is an integral indicator of helicopter efficiency at the stage of its operation. Objectives. The purpose is to develop an econometric model of dependence of cost per flying hour on the main relative aircraft performance characteristics that determine the effectiveness of design and technological solutions for civil and multi-purpose helicopters, to make a decision at the preliminary design stage regarding the efficiency of designed product during the operational phase and the feasibility of R&D. Methods. The study rests on basic provisions of the theory of the firm, the theory of fundamental value of assets, international standards of the aviation equipment operation manual. Results. Based on econometric analysis, the main determinants of cost per flight hour are identified from the set of relative flight characteristics of the helicopter. The paper demonstrates that the number of products in operation, the cost of flight hour, the efficiency and transparency of logistics infrastructure in the provision of maintenance services represent a tool for managing the cost of product life cycle during its operation. Conclusions. The main factors having the greatest impact on the efficiency of after-sales service of products in the aviation industry are fuel efficiency, specific fuel consumption (fuel consumption per unit of power). The cost per flight hour is an integral indicator of the effectiveness of after-sales service and depends on relative flight characteristics of aircraft in operation.

Relational Practice in Meeting Discourse in New Zealand and Japan: A Cross-Cultural Study

<p><b>This thesis explores Relational Practice in meetings in New Zealand and Japan, focussing in particular on small talk and humour which can be considered exemplary relational strategies. It examines these two areas of Relational Practice, firstly in terms of their manifestations in New Zealand and Japanese meetings, and secondly in terms of the ways they are perceived in the context of business meetings.</b></p> <p>This research takes a qualitative approach to the data analysis and employs a neo-Politeness approach to the analysis, a modified version of standard Politeness Theory. The concepts of Relational Practice and community of practice also proved to be of fundamental value in the analysis. Two kinds of data were collected: firstly meeting data from 16 authentic business meetings recorded in business organisations in New Zealand and Japan (nine from a New Zealand company and seven from a Japanese company). Secondly, perception data was collected in Japan using extended focus group interviews with Japanese business people (a total of six groups from three business organisations).</p> <p>The research involves a contrastive study using interactional sociolinguistic analytic techniques to examine manifestations of small talk and humour in meeting data collected in different contexts. The first phase of the study is cross-cultural, comparing meetings in New Zealand and Japan, and adopting a combined etic-emic approach. The second phase of the study analyses and compares the use of small talk and humour in different types of meetings, i.e. formal meetings (known as kaigi in Japanese) and informal meetings (known as uchiawase/miitingu in Japanese) in New Zealand and Japan. A further aim is to explore how Japanese business people perceive New Zealand meeting behaviours in relation to small talk and humour and to consider what might influence people‘s perceptions of these aspects of relational talk.</p> <p>The analysis of the authentic meeting data indicates that the important role of Relational Practice at work is recognised in both New Zealand and Japanese meetings, although the data also highlights potentially important differences in manifestation according to the community of practice and the type of meetings. The data demonstrates that Relational Practice is constructed among meeting members discursively and dynamically across the communities of practice and the kinds of meetings.</p> <p>The analysis of the perception data indicates that while Japanese business people do not have identical evaluations of the manifestation of any particular discourse strategy, their perceptions are mostly similar if they work in the same workplace. The data also demonstrates that the participants‘ international business experience influences their perceptions. Furthermore the analysis indicates that manifestations of small talk and humour in New Zealand meetings are not necessarily evaluated by the Japanese business people in the same or similar way as by New Zealand people.</p> <p>Through both the analysis of the meeting and perception data, this study indicates that people‘s linguistic behaviours and perceptions regarding Relational Practice are influenced not only by underlying expectations of their community of practice but also by those of the wider society in which the community of practice is positioned.</p>

Relational Practice in Meeting Discourse in New Zealand and Japan: A Cross-Cultural Study

<p><b>This thesis explores Relational Practice in meetings in New Zealand and Japan, focussing in particular on small talk and humour which can be considered exemplary relational strategies. It examines these two areas of Relational Practice, firstly in terms of their manifestations in New Zealand and Japanese meetings, and secondly in terms of the ways they are perceived in the context of business meetings.</b></p> <p>This research takes a qualitative approach to the data analysis and employs a neo-Politeness approach to the analysis, a modified version of standard Politeness Theory. The concepts of Relational Practice and community of practice also proved to be of fundamental value in the analysis. Two kinds of data were collected: firstly meeting data from 16 authentic business meetings recorded in business organisations in New Zealand and Japan (nine from a New Zealand company and seven from a Japanese company). Secondly, perception data was collected in Japan using extended focus group interviews with Japanese business people (a total of six groups from three business organisations).</p> <p>The research involves a contrastive study using interactional sociolinguistic analytic techniques to examine manifestations of small talk and humour in meeting data collected in different contexts. The first phase of the study is cross-cultural, comparing meetings in New Zealand and Japan, and adopting a combined etic-emic approach. The second phase of the study analyses and compares the use of small talk and humour in different types of meetings, i.e. formal meetings (known as kaigi in Japanese) and informal meetings (known as uchiawase/miitingu in Japanese) in New Zealand and Japan. A further aim is to explore how Japanese business people perceive New Zealand meeting behaviours in relation to small talk and humour and to consider what might influence people‘s perceptions of these aspects of relational talk.</p> <p>The analysis of the authentic meeting data indicates that the important role of Relational Practice at work is recognised in both New Zealand and Japanese meetings, although the data also highlights potentially important differences in manifestation according to the community of practice and the type of meetings. The data demonstrates that Relational Practice is constructed among meeting members discursively and dynamically across the communities of practice and the kinds of meetings.</p> <p>The analysis of the perception data indicates that while Japanese business people do not have identical evaluations of the manifestation of any particular discourse strategy, their perceptions are mostly similar if they work in the same workplace. The data also demonstrates that the participants‘ international business experience influences their perceptions. Furthermore the analysis indicates that manifestations of small talk and humour in New Zealand meetings are not necessarily evaluated by the Japanese business people in the same or similar way as by New Zealand people.</p> <p>Through both the analysis of the meeting and perception data, this study indicates that people‘s linguistic behaviours and perceptions regarding Relational Practice are influenced not only by underlying expectations of their community of practice but also by those of the wider society in which the community of practice is positioned.</p>

Monetary Policy and Asset Price Gap Signal Technology in a New Keynesian Framework

This article develops a New Keynesian model in which the inflation rate depends on the present value of future output gaps and asset prices gaps. The latter follows a price adjustment process. These asset price gaps are driven by ‛asset price gap signal technology’, a measure of exponentially distributed asset price gaps with a signalling mechanism. Within a dynamic stochastic optimisation approach, I identify a policy rule for the central bank in which the asset price gap the difference between the actual asset price at time t to its fundamental value plays a crucial role in determining the nominal rate of interest.