Endothelialization after arterial and venous micro-anastomosis

1995 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick G Harris ◽  
Sharon Chase ◽  
Bang Kao Hong ◽  
Jon B Loftus ◽  
John F Mosher
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Situation ◽  
Initial Time ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Microsurgical Technique ◽  
Small Vessels ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Endothelial Surface ◽  
Thrombogenic Potential ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Arteries And Veins

Knowledge of the initial time required to repair the endothelial surface of small vessels after microsurgical vascular anastomosis of veins and arteries is required to determine the preferable duration of antiplatelet prophylaxis and anticoagulation after emergency or elective microsurgery. To determine this, the femoral arteries and veins of 16 Sprague-Dawley rats were isolated, sectioned and repaired with microsurgical technique. The animals were then killed at one day intervals from the first to the 16th postoperative day. Femoral veins and arteries were harvested, sectioned and prepared for scanning electron microscopy. The results show that endothelialization of the repair line is begun by day 3 and completed by day 7 in the veins and arteries. Endothelialization of the intraluminal protruding sutures takes nine days in the veins while it is only starting at day 15 in the arteries. If this model can be extended to the human clinical situation, antiplatelet prophylaxis or anticoagulation should be administered for at least seven days. Further study is required to evaluate the thrombogenic potential of intraluminal protruding sutures.

scholarly journals Structural Alteration in Dermal Vessels and Collagen Bundles following Exposure of Skin Wound to Zeolite–Bentonite Compound

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahram Paydar ◽  
Ali Noorafshan ◽  
Behnam Dalfardi ◽  
Shahram Jahanabadi ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Javad Mortazavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healing Process ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Skin Wound ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Small Vessels ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sterile Normal Saline ◽  
Animal Skin ◽  
The Impact

Background. This study examines the impact of one-time direct application of haemostatic agent zeolite–bentonite powder to wounded skin on the healing process in rats. Materials and Methods. 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into two groups (n=12): (1) the rats whose wounds were washed only with sterile normal saline (NS-treated) and (2) those treated with zeolite–bentonite compound (ZEO-treated). The wound was circular, full-thickness, and 2 cm in diameter. At the end of the 12th day, six animals from each group were randomly selected and terminated. The remaining rats were terminated after 21 days. Just after scarification, skin samples were excised and sent for stereological evaluation. Results. The results showed a significant difference between the two groups regarding the length density of the blood vessels and diameter of the large and small vessels on the 12th day after the wound was inflicted. Besides, volume density of both the dermis and collagen bundles was reduced by 25% in the ZEO-treated rats in comparison to the NS-treated animals after 21 days. Conclusions. One-time topical usage of zeolite–bentonite haemostatic powder on an animal skin wound might negatively affect the healing process through vasoconstriction and inhibition of neoangiogenesis.

scholarly journals Injury to the Endothelial Surface Layer Induces Glomerular Hyperfiltration Rats with Early-Stage Diabetes

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunyang Zhang ◽  
Yao Meng ◽  
Qi Liu ◽  
Miao Xuan ◽  
Lanyu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Mesangial Matrix ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Endothelial Surface Layer ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Endothelial Surface

Glomerular endothelial surface layer (ESL) may play a role in the mechanisms of albuminuria in diabetic nephropathy, which lack evidencein vivo. The effects of high glucose on the passage of albumin across the glomerular ESL were analysed in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats for 4 weeks. Albuminuria and glomerular mesangial matrix were significantly increased in diabetic rats. The passage of albumin across the ESL, as measured by albumin-colloid gold particle density in the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), was increased significantly in diabetic rats. The thickness of the glomerular ESL, examined indirectly by infusing Intralipid into vessels using an electron microscope, was significantly decreased and the GBM exhibited little change in diabetic rats. In summary, the glomerular ESL may play a role in the pathogenesis of albuminuria in rats with early-stage diabetes.

Proper Choice of Vessels for Supermicrosurgery Training: An Experimental Animal study

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (09) ◽  
pp. 742-748
Author(s):  
Yooseok Ha ◽  
Seung Song ◽  
Nak Kang ◽  
Sang-Ha Oh
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Animal ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Free Flaps ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Epigastric Vessel ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Pedicle Length ◽  
Experimental Animal Study ◽  
Arteries And Veins

Background Reconstruction using supermicrosurgery, a technique of microneurovascular anastomosis for smaller vessels (< 0.8 mm), has become popular. Experimental animal studies for supermicrosurgery training have been reported; however, there have been few studies performed according to vessel diameter and pedicle length. In this study, the external diameters of four vessels (femoral, superficial epigastric, axillary, and common thoracic) and pedicle length of two flaps (superficial epigastric and common thoracic–long thoracic) were measured. Methods The inguinal and pectoral regions of Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 19) were dissected anatomically, and the external diameters of the four vessels were measured (right and left, artery and vein measured separately). After elevating the superficial epigastric and common thoracic–long thoracic flaps, the pedicle length of the flaps was also measured. Results Among the 16 vessels examined, the external diameters of 11 and 5 vessels were above and below 0.8 mm, respectively. The external diameters of the superficial epigastric vessel and common thoracic vessel (both arteries and veins) were below 0.8 mm. The external diameters of the femoral and axillary vessels (veins) were above 0.8 mm. The length of the common thoracic–long thoracic pedicle was approximately10 mm longer than that of the superficial epigastric pedicle. Conclusions The external diameters of the superficial epigastric vessel and common thoracic vessel are small enough for supermicrosurgery training. The pedicle lengths of both the superficial epigastric and common thoracic–long thoracic flaps are sufficient to perform free flap experiments. Supermicrosurgical free flaps using these two vessels and a study of the physiology and pharmacology of the flaps will likely be possible in the future.

Persistent detrusor overactivity in rats after relief of partial urethral obstruction

2011 ◽  
Vol 301 (4) ◽  
pp. R896-R904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long-Hu Jin ◽  
Karl-Erik Andersson ◽  
Jeong-Uk Han ◽  
Yong-Hyun Kwon ◽  
Chang-Shin Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Method ◽  
Detrusor Overactivity ◽  
Clinical Situation ◽  
Urethral Obstruction ◽  
Bladder Function ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Detrusor overactivity (DO) persists after prostatectomy in 20% to 25% of patients with benign disease. Assuming that nonvoiding contractions (NVCs) can be used as a surrogate for DO in humans, the rat model of obstruction/deobstruction may allow us to study the pathophysiology of persistent DO after deobstruction. We investigated bladder function, with a special focus on NVCs, in rats by use of a new, modified method of obstruction and deobstruction and compared these results with those obtained by use of the conventional method. Seventy female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent 1) sham operation ( n = 10), 2) obstruction by a modified method (Modif-Obs; n = 12), 3) obstruction/deobstruction by the conventional method (Conv-Obs/Deobs; n = 13), or 4) obstruction/deobstruction by the modified method (Modif-Obs/Deobs; n = 35). The Modif-Obs/Deobs animals were divided into subgroups with (DO+) and without (DO−) NVCs. Two weeks after partial urethral obstruction, the animals were deobstructed, and 1 wk later cystometry was performed with recording of intravesical and intra-abdominal pressures. NVCs were shown in all groups: Modif-Obs (80%), Conv-Obs/Deobs (100%), and Modif-Obs/Deobs (40%). In the Modif-Obs/Deobs group, bladder weight and the muscle-to-collagen ratio were higher in DO+ than in DO− rats. The Modif-Obs/Deobs group showed no mortality compared with 25% mortality in the Conv-Obs/Deobs group. The modified method may be more adequate for studying persistent DO after deobstruction, because it resulted in pressure/volume- and DO-related parameters similar to those found in the clinical situation. The persistence of DO after deobstruction may partly be due to irreversible changes in the bladder caused during the period of obstruction.

The Effect of Alloxan-Induced Diabetes on Tissue Plasminogen Activator Activity of the Rat

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Smokovitis ◽  
B.R. Binder
Keyword(s):  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Tissue Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Renal Medulla ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Activity ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Severe Diabetes ◽  
Tissue Plasminogen ◽  
Arteries And Veins

Subcutaneous injection of alloxan (10mg/100g)induced severe diabetes in Sprague-Dawley rats (hyperglycemia, glucosuria, weight loss, polydypsia, polyphagia and polyuria). The effect on tissue plasminogen activator activity (PAA) was studied histocheraically in key organs (heart, kidney, lung, aorta, and caudal vena cava) 4 days, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after induction of diabetes. After an initially increased vascular PAA (release reaction) seen in lung, kidney, aorta, and myocardium, but not in caudal vena cava, a decreased PAA was found in arteries of the renal medulla and particularly of the renal cortex and in arteries of the myocardium two bo eight weeks after the induction of diabetes. Compared to the normal PAA level, the intima of the aorta showed after the initial rise, a fall in two to three weeks, a second rise by four to six weeks, followed by a fall to the normal value at the eighth week. In the lung the initially increased PAA continued to be slightly elevated until the sixth week; by the eighth week it was normal. In the caudal vena cava no changes in the PAA were seen. Of interest are the observed differences in PAA patterns; (1) between arteries and veins, (2) large and small arteries, and (3) arteries in different tissues up to at least eight weeks post induction of diabetes.Supp-. by the Austrian Acad, of Sciences, Arteriosclerosis research group.

Effects of repeated heat exposure on hypothalamic sensitivity to norepinephrine

1980 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 942-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. V. Christman ◽  
C. V. Gisolfi
Keyword(s):  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Induced Hypothermia ◽  
Guide Tube ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Predetermined Level ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Colonic Temperature

Bilateral stainless steel guide tubes were stereotaxically implanted above the anterior hypothalamus (AH) of 12 male Sprague-Dawley rats (300-360 g). Beginning 3 days postsurgery, norepinephrine (NE) was injected into the AH each day at increasing depths below the guide tube until colonic temperature fell at least 0.8 degrees C. Subsequently, the effects of treadmill exercise at 21.5 m/min for 3 wk at 22 degrees C (n = 6) or 35 degrees C (n = 6) on the magnitude of the NE-induced hypothermia were investigated. Training duration ranged from 12 to 50 min/day, depending on the time required for colonic temperature of the heated rats to rise to a predetermined level: 40.4 degrees C on day 1, increasing 0.1 degree C/day to 41.5 degrees C on day 12 and thereafter. Before and after training, bilateral injections of NE (10 micrograms) at 22 degrees C at rest and just before exercise (21.5 m/min) caused the following mean +/- SE reductions in colonic temperature (degree C). (Formula: See Text). These reductions in colonic temperature were associated with sharp elevations in tail-skin temperature, but there were no significant differences in the response between the two groups. We conclude that repeated heat exposure increased the sensitivity of the AH to exogenous NE.

A New Supermicrosurgery Training Model of Saphenous Artery and Great Saphenous Vein Anastomosis for Development of Advanced Microsurgical Skills

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (06) ◽  
pp. 426-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Can Bas ◽  
Joanna Cwykiel ◽  
Maria Siemionow
Keyword(s):  
Saphenous Vein ◽  
Great Saphenous Vein ◽  
Training Model ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
End To End ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right ◽  
Arteries And Veins ◽  
Saphenous Artery

Background This study aimed to confirm the feasibility and reliability of saphenous artery (SA) and great saphenous vein (GSV) anastomosis as a new supermicrosurgery training model and to compare the one-way-up anastomosis with the currently used end-to-end anastomosis technique. Methods Twenty supermicrosurgical anastomoses were performed in 10 Sprague Dawley rats. The external diameters of SA and GSV were measured using Leica LAS EZ software. The right-side SA and GSV anastomoses were performed using the standard end-to-end anastomosis technique. The left-side SA and GSV anastomoses were performed using the one-way-up technique with 11–0 monofilament-interrupted sutures. The duration of the surgery, patency rates, and technical challenges of the two anastomoses methods were compared. Results The mean external diameters of SA and GSV were 0.273 ± 0.03 and 0.291 ± 0.02 mm, respectively, which qualify these vessels for supermicrosurgical training. The vessels were easily accessible and both anastomosis techniques were feasible. The one-way-up technique was proven to be faster as compared with the end-to-end anastomosis technique (artery: 34 ± 2.55 vs. 40.4 ± 2.97 minutes, p = 0.02; and vein: 37 ± 4.85 vs. 44 ± 2.35 minutes, p = 0.05, respectively). Short-term patency rates for arteries and veins were 100% for both techniques. Seven-day anastomosis patency rates for arteries and veins were 80 and 100% for the end-to-end technique and 100 and 80% for the one-way-up technique, respectively. Conclusions We confirmed that saphenous pedicle is suitable for creating a supermicrosurgery training model for practicing the ultrafine motor skills. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on supermicrosurgery of SA and GSV in the rat model.

Cigarette smoke causes rapid cell proliferation in small airways and associated pulmonary arteries

1994 ◽  
Vol 267 (5) ◽  
pp. L557-L563 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Sekhon ◽  
J. L. Wright ◽  
A. Churg
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Small Airways ◽  
Airway Wall ◽  
Vascular Changes ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Small Vessels ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Whole Smoke

To determine whether smoke could directly affect the cells of the small airways and the small vessels, we exposed Sprague-Dawley rats to the whole smoke of 7 cigarettes/day for 1, 2, or 7 days. Three hours before the rats were killed, 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) was administered. Labeled nuclei were counted in histological sections stained with antibodies to BrdU. In smokers, pulmonary artery walls at the level of the membranous bronchioles (MB), respiratory bronchioles (RB), and alveolar ducts (AD) showed significant increases in labeled nuclei at all three times; increases in endothelial labeling were only present in vessels associated with AD. Significantly increased labeling was also seen in the epithelium and walls of MB and RB themselves at all time periods. However, there was no correlation between labeling indexes in matched pairs of airways and vessels. Smoke had no effect on the labeling of mesothelial and submesothelial cells. We conclude that cigarette smoke rapidly causes proliferation of intrinsic cells in the airways and small vessels; this effect may lead eventually to airway wall muscular hyperplasia and fibrosis (small airways disease) and to vascular changes associated with pulmonary hypertension. However, the lack of correlation between labeling indexes in the vessels and airways suggests that different mediators are involved at these two sites. At least over the time course of this experiment, smoke does not cause proliferation of mesothelial or submesothelial cells.

Ultrastructural Investigation of Spontaneous Pituitary Adenomas in Aging Sprague-Dawley Rats

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 216-217
Author(s):  
D. J. McComb ◽  
J. Beri ◽  
F. Zak ◽  
K. Kovacs
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Study ◽  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Microscopic Level ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Prolactin Cells ◽  
Light Microscopic Level ◽  
Ultrastructural Investigation ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Long Evans

Investigation of the spontaneous pituitary adenomas in rat have been limited mainly to light microscopic study. Furth et al. (1973) described them as chromophobic, secreting prolactin. Kovacs et al. (1977) in an ul trastructural investigation of adenomas of old female Long-Evans rats, found that they were composed of prolactin cells. Berkvens et al. (1980) using immunocytochemistry at the light microscopic level, demonstrated that some spontaneous tumors of old Wistar rats could contain GH, TSH or ACTH as well as PRL.

Early Development of Drug-Induced Hepatic Necrosis

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 576-577
Author(s):  
F. G. Zaki ◽  
E. Detzi ◽  
C. H. Keysser
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Hepatic Necrosis ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Dense Matrix ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Hepatocellular Damage ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Microscopic Studies

This study represents the first in a series of investigations carried out to elucidate the mechanism(s) of early hepatocellular damage induced by drugs and other related compounds. During screening tests of CNS-active compounds in rats, it has been found that daily oral administration of one of these compounds at a dose level of 40 mg. per kg. of body weight induced diffuse massive hepatic necrosis within 7 weeks in Charles River Sprague Dawley rats of both sexes. Partial hepatectomy enhanced the development of this peculiar type of necrosis (3 weeks instead of 7) while treatment with phenobarbital prior to the administration of the drug delayed the appearance of necrosis but did not reduce its severity.Electron microscopic studies revealed that early development of this liver injury (2 days after the administration of the drug) appeared in the form of small dark osmiophilic vesicles located around the bile canaliculi of all hepatocytes (Fig. 1). These structures differed from the regular microbodies or the pericanalicular multivesicular bodies. They first appeared regularly rounded with electron dense matrix bound with a single membrane. After one week on the drug, these vesicles appeared vacuolated and resembled autophagosomes which soon developed whorls of concentric lamellae or cisterns characteristic of lysosomes (Fig. 2). These lysosomes were found, later on, scattered all over the hepatocytes.

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