Relation between grip and pinch strength and pitch type in high school pitchers with and without elbow symptoms

Objective: Gripping and pinching a ball is a fundamentally important part of the kinetic chain for throwing baseball pitches of various types. This study of high school pitchers was conducted to assess the association between grip and pinch strength, the pitch type, and the history of elbow symptoms. Methods: We examined 133 high school baseball pitchers, all of whom had completed a self-administered questionnaire including items related to pitch type throwing ratios, the age at starting each pitch type, and throwing-related elbow joint pain sustained during the prior 3 years. We measured grip strength and the bilateral side tip, key, and palmar pinch strengths. Comparisons were made between the participants with and without an elbow symptom history to assess the grip and each pinch strength, throwing ratio of pitch type, and the age at starting to throw each pitch type. Results: Pitchers with an elbow symptom history exhibited less difference between the grip strength on the throwing side than those with no elbow symptom history ( p = 0.04). No difference was found between participants with and without an elbow symptom history in terms of pinch strength, the throwing ratios of pitch types, or the age at starting to throw pitches of each type. Positive significant association was found between pinch strength on the pitching side and the forkball and screwball throwing ratio ( r = 0.27, p = 0.002). Conclusion: Grip strength might influence high school baseball pitcher elbow conditions. The frequency of certain pitch types might develop pinch strength in high school baseball pitchers.

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Pronation and palmar pinch improve the stability of the medial elbow joint space in high school baseball pitchers

Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery ◽

10.1016/j.jse.2020.12.022 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hitoshi Shitara ◽

Tsuyoshi Tajika ◽

Takuro Kuboi ◽

Tsuyoshi Ichinose ◽

Tsuyoshi Sasaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Elbow Joint ◽

Joint Space ◽

Baseball Pitchers ◽

The Stability

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A Profile of Glenohumeral Internal and External Rotation Motion in the Uninjured High School Baseball Pitcher, Part II: Strength

Journal of Athletic Training ◽

10.4085/1062-6050-46.3.289 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 289-295 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Wendy J. Hurd ◽

Kevin M. Kaplan ◽

Neal S. ElAttrache ◽

Frank W. Jobe ◽

Bernard F. Morrey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Rotator Cuff ◽

External Rotation ◽

Age Group ◽

Strength Performance ◽

Playing Field ◽

Baseball Pitcher ◽

Baseball Pitchers ◽

Bilateral Differences ◽

Rotation Motion

Context: A database describing the range of normal rotator cuff strength values in uninjured high school pitchers has not been established. Chronologic factors that contribute to adaptations in strength also have not been established. Objectives: To establish a normative profile of rotator cuff strength in uninjured high school baseball pitchers and to determine whether bilateral differences in rotator cuff strength are normal findings in this age group. Design: Cohort study. Setting: Baseball playing field. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 165 uninjured male high school baseball pitchers (age = 16 ± 1 years, height = 1.8 ± 0.1 m, mass = 76.8 ± 10.1 kg, pitching experience = 7 ± 2 years). Main Outcome Measure(s): Isometric rotator cuff strength was measured bilaterally with a handheld dynamometer. We calculated side-to-side differences in strength (external rotation [ER], internal rotation [IR], and the ratio of ER:IR at 90° of abduction), differences in strength by age, and the influence of chronologic factors (participant age, years of pitching experience) on limb strength. Results: Side-to-side differences in strength were found for ER, IR, and ER:IR ratio at 90° of abduction. Age at the time of testing was a significant but weak predictor of both ER strength (R2 = 0.032, P = .02) and the ER:IR ratio (R2 = 0.051, P = .004) at 90° of abduction. Conclusions: We established a normative profile of rotator cuff strength for the uninjured high school baseball pitcher that might be used to assist clinicians and researchers in the interpretation of muscle strength performance in this population. These data further suggested that dominant-limb adaptations in rotator cuff strength are a normal finding in this age group and did not demonstrate that these adaptations were a consequence of the age at the time of testing or the number of years of pitching experience.

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Revisiting the Natural History of Chronic Scaphoid Nonunions: A Retrospective Study of 20 Cases

Journal of Wrist Surgery ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1721435 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

J. Terrence Jose Jerome

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Natural History ◽

Functional Outcome ◽

Grip Strength ◽

Scaphoid Nonunion ◽

Proximal Pole ◽

Degenerative Arthritis ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

History Of ◽

The Mean

Abstract Background The natural history of scaphoid nonunion is the development of degenerative arthritis. A lot of information is still unclear about this progression. The purpose of this study is to analyze patients with scaphoid nonunions who had not received any kind of treatment and to assess the functional outcome. Materials and Methods This is a retrospective study that analyzed the patients with chronic scaphoid nonunions between 2009 and 2019. None of the patients received any treatment. The age at the time of injury, examination, pattern of fracture, types of scaphoid nonunion, symptoms, and duration of nonunion were noted. Diagnosis was confirmed by radiographs, computed tomography (CT) scan, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Scapholunate and radiolunate angles were recorded. Pain score, modified mayo wrist score, grip strength, range of movement, and the functional outcome of these scaphoid nonunions were analyzed. A statistical correlation between the scaphoid nonunion presentations and the functional outcome was assessed. Results The mean age of the patients was 62 years (range: 35–82 years.). There were 17 male and 3 female patients. There were 9 waist and 11 proximal pole scaphoid nonunions. The mean duration of scaphoid nonunion was 34 years (range: 10–62 years). None of the patients had avascular necrosis (AVN) of the proximal scaphoid. The age at examination, gender, side of injury, fracture pattern (waist/proximal pole), fracture displacement ≤ 1 mm or > 1 mm, nonunion duration, and radiographic arthritic parameters had no significant impact on the functional outcome. Conclusions Untreated chronic scaphoid nonunion leads to the development of degenerative arthritis over a period of years, which is still unpredictable. Most of the patients become aware of the nonunion following a precedent injury or other reasons. Most of the patients have fair/good functional outcome despite reduced range of movements and grip strength. Many do not favor surgical intervention in the course of nonunion. Chronic nonunions open a lot of unanswered questions. Clinical relevance There have been numerous studies on the treatment aspects of scaphoid nonunion, with little knowledge about certain people with nonunion who did not have any kind of treatment. The demographics, clinical findings, and radiological parameters do confirm the progression of these nonunion to arthritis, but most of them had fair-to-good outcome throughout their life. It opens our thinking about the real need of treatment in such nonunions and raises numerous questions about the disease. Level of evidence This is a Level IV study.

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Sobre Educação, Arte e Vídeoarte: rupturas, resiliência e práticas de ensino/aprendizagem na sala de aula

AVANCA | CINEMA ◽

10.37390/ac.v0i0.20 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Nélia Lúcia Fonseca

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

High School Students ◽

Video Art ◽

Theory And Practice ◽

First Year ◽

School Students ◽

Forest School ◽

Moving Images ◽

History Of ◽

Teaching Learning

This study first approaches the history of the observer’s gaze, that is, as observers, we are forming or constructing our way of visualizing moving images. Secondly, it reaffirms the importance and need of resistance of the teaching / learning of Art as a compulsory curricular component for high school. Finally, the third part reports an experience with video art production in a class of first year high school students, establishing an interrelationship between theory and practice, that is, we study video art content to reach the production of videos, aiming as a final result, the art videos created by the students of the Reference Center in Environmental Education Forest School Prof. Eidorfe Moreira High School. The first and second stages of this research share a theoretical part of the Master ‘s thesis, Making films on the Island: audiovisual production as an escape line in Cotijuba, periphery of Belem, completed in 2013.

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‘Three Years History of Liberation’ which is Emphasize Left-Right Conflict in the High School History Textbooks

Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction ◽

10.22251/jlcci.2019.19.10.735 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (10) ◽

pp. 735-756

Author(s):

Nae Hyeok Yoo ◽

Kyeong Nam Ku

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

History Textbooks ◽

School History ◽

History Of

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Socialized History of the United States.Charles G. Vannest , Henry L. SmithCivics Through Problems.James B. Edmonson , Arthur DondineauOur Changing Social Order.Ruth W. Gavian , A. A. Gray , Ernest R. GrovesThe Life and Work of the Citizen.Howard C. HillMan's World and Work.Eleanor PerretSocial Studies: An Orientation Handbook for High School Pupils.William McAndrewThe World's Messengers.Hanson Hart WebsterScience in Our Social Life.George W. Hunter , Walter G. Whitman

American Journal of Sociology ◽

10.1086/217201 ◽

1936 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 530-532

Author(s):

Earl S. Johnson

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

History Of

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The Relationship between Scapular Upward Rotation and Shoulder Internal and External Rotation Isokinetic Strength in Professional Baseball Pitchers

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare9060759 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 759

Author(s):

Byung Gon Kim ◽

Seung Kil Lim ◽

Sunga Kong

Keyword(s):

External Rotation ◽

Professional Baseball ◽

Isokinetic Strength ◽

Strength Ratio ◽

Shoulder Injury ◽

Isokinetic Dynamometer ◽

Normal Range ◽

History Of ◽

Baseball Pitchers ◽

The Relationship

This study aims to assess the relationship between scapular upward rotation (SUR) across varying humeral-elevation angles (HEAs) and shoulder isokinetic strength and ratio in professional baseball pitchers. The subjects were professional baseball pitchers (n = 16) without a history of shoulder injury in the last six months. The subject’s SUR angles were measured with the humerus elevated at HEAs of 0° (at rest), 60°, 90°, and 120° to the scapular plane. Shoulder isokinetic strength was evaluated for shoulder internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER) strength (PT%BW and TW%BW), and the ER/IR strength ratios were determined at 60, 120 and 180°/s using an isokinetic dynamometer. The SUR angle at an HEA of 0° was positively correlated with IR strength at 120°/s (r = 0.535) and 180°/s (r = 0.522). The SUR angle at an HEA of 60° was negatively correlated with the ER/IR strength ratios at 60°/s (r = −0.505) and 120°/s (r = −0.500). The SUR angle at an HEA of 90° was negatively correlated with the ER/IR strength ratios at 60°/s (r = −0.574; r = −0.554) and 120°/s (r = −0.521; r = −0.589) as well as with ER strength at 180°/s (r = −0.591, r = −0.556). The SUR angle at an HEA of 120° was negatively correlated with ER strength at 60°/s (r = −0.558), 120°/s (r = −0.504; r = −0.524), and 180°/s (r = −0.543) and the ER/IR strength ratio at 60°/s (r = −0.517). In this study, we found that the ratio of isokinetic strength between ER and IR became closer to the normal range on increasing the SUR angle. In particular, an HEA of 90°, which resembles the pitching motion, showed a clear relationship between SUR, shoulder ER, and the ratio of ER/IR isokinetic strength in professional baseball pitchers.

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A custom-made neoprene thumb carpometacarpal orthosis with thermoplastic stabilization: An orthosis that promotes function and improvement in patients with the first carpometacarpal joint osteoarthritis

Prosthetics and Orthotics International ◽

10.1177/0309364613488621 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 79-82 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Monireh Ahmadi Bani ◽

Mokhtar Arazpour ◽

Stephen William Hutchins ◽

Fereydoun Layeghi ◽

Mahmood Bahramizadeh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grip Strength ◽

Clinical Relevance ◽

Hand Function ◽

Pinch Strength ◽

Conservative Approach ◽

Carpometacarpal Joint ◽

Custom Made ◽

First Carpometacarpal Joint ◽

Thumb Carpometacarpal ◽

Improved Function

Background and aim: Patients with mild to moderate first carpometacarpal joint osteoarthritis report pain, a reduction in pinch and grip strength and hand function. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of a custom-made neoprene thumb carpometacarpal orthosis with thermoplastic stabilization on pain, function, grip strength, and key pinch in these patients. Technique: A total of 11 volunteer patients participated in this study. All the above-mentioned parameters were evaluated at baseline and also 30, 60, and 90 days after using the splint. Discussion: A decrease in pain was observed after 30 days, and this continued to improve during treatment with the splint. After 90 days of using the splint, grip strength was improved. Function and pinch strength also increased significantly and was maintained during the study period compared to baseline. Clinical relevance A custom-made neoprene thumb carpometacarpal orthosis with thermoplastic stabilization may be a suitable conservative approach for the treatment of first carpometacarpal joint osteoarthritis.

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Bilateral Congenital Humeroradial Synostostis Presenting with Bilateral Proximal Radius Fractures: A Case Report

Case Reports in Orthopedic Research ◽

10.1159/000512183 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 29-32

Author(s):

Elsiddig E. Mahmoud

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Elbow Joint ◽

Parental Education ◽

Functional Disability ◽

Congenital Abnormalities ◽

Rare Condition ◽

Radius Fractures ◽

Proximal Radius ◽

History Of ◽

Uncommon Condition

Congenital bilateral humeroradial synostosis (HRS) is a rare condition. It is generally divided into 2 categories. In the first group, which is mainly sporadic, additional upper limb hypoplasia typically coexists. In the second group, which is classically familial, HRS is commonly an isolated upper extremity anomaly. HRS can lead to variable degrees of functional disability. The clinical case reported here illustrates a possibly avoidable presentation of this uncommon condition. In this case report, we present a 6-week-old male who presented with bilateral radius fractures. Radiography revealed congenital HRS at both elbows. No other associated congenital abnormalities were detected, and there was no family history of similar conditions in any first-degree relatives. In cases of congenital HRS, movement at the elbow joint is not possible. Parents who are unaware of this information might try to straighten their infant’s elbows, which in turn may result in fractures of the proximal radius. Hence, early diagnosis and proper parental education could prevent fractures as a sequela of HRS.

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