Textbook Economics from Ameritrade’s Joe Ricketts

2021 ◽  
pp. 232102222110514
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Greco
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Free Enterprise ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
New Markets ◽  
History Of ◽  
Jel Classifications

This article reviews the history of Ameritrade founded and developed by Joe Ricketts into a spectacularly successful discount brokerage enterprise. It, as such, represents another example of a risk-taking innovator who achieves success by filling a need in a free-enterprise market. The main takeaway is that free-enterprise works best from the bottom-up, that is, when individuals or individual companies ‘creatively destruct’ existing markets or generate new markets for goods or services through the implementation of innovative ideas and technology. The article also delineates the workings of the free-enterprise market by pointing out how familiar textbook economic principles are illustrated in the Ameritrade experience. JEL Classifications: A10, D01, E02, G10

Corporate Environmentalism and the Boundaries of Sustainability

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Jones
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Entire Period ◽  
Temporal Context ◽  
Corporate Environmentalism ◽  
New Markets ◽  
Commercial Success ◽  
Green Business ◽  
History Of ◽  
Green Entrepreneurship ◽  
Ways Of Thinking

This chapter reviews the history of green entrepreneurship, arguing that green entrepreneurship was shaped by four different temporal contexts between the mid-nineteenth century and the present day. Although there were significant achievements over the entire period, it was only in the most recent era that green business achieved legitimacy and scale. Green entrepreneurs often had religious and ideological motivations, but they were shaped by their institutional and temporal context. They created new markets and categories through selling their ideas and products, and by imagining the meaning of sustainability. They faced hard challenges, which encouraged clustering which provided proximity advantages and higher trust levels. Combining profits and sustainability has always been difficult, and the spread of corporate environmentalism in recent decades has not helped. Although commercial success often eluded pioneers, by a willingness to think outside of traditional boxes, they have opened up new ways of thinking about sustainability.

scholarly journals P.005 Lisdexamfetamine precipitated pathological gambling

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (s2) ◽  
pp. S17-S17 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Chaudhary ◽  
A Hirsch ◽  
W MacPherson ◽  
J Nayati
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Pathological Gambling ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Gambling Behavior ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Aged Woman ◽  
Middle Aged Woman ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mental Status Examination

Background: Lisdexamfetamine has not heretofore been reported to cause pathological gambling. Such a case is presented. Methods: A middle-aged woman, without past interest in gambling, gaming, or risk taking behavior, with childhood history of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder presented with difficulty focusing and concentrating. Lisdexamfetamine was started at 20 mg daily and gradually escalated due to lack of efficacy. At 70 mg daily, she began binging on sweets and gambling all day, every day at nearby riverboats, which she had never frequented previously. Upon reduction to 60 mg daily, the gambling resolved. Ritalin 20 mg every morning and 50 mg every afternoon was used without gambling reoccurrence. Results: Mental Status Examination: Alert, cooperative and oriented x 3 with good eye contact. Euthymic, without mania, thoughts logical and goal directed. Conclusions: Enhanced dopamine in the nucleus accumbens may induce hedonic activities including gambling, binging on sweets, or sexual activity (Moore et al. 2014). Lisdexamfetamine has been described to induce mania, and pathological gambling may have been an isolated manifestation of early mania. In those who have recently begun lisdexamfetamine, query should be made regarding change in gambling behavior and in those who are pathologically gambling, investigation should be entertained as to whether they are taking lisdexamfetamine.

Effect of Longitudinal Bulkheads on Damage Stability of Model RO/RO Ferries

2003 ◽  
Vol 40 (01) ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Carl T. F. Ross ◽  
Ioannis Mourtos ◽  
George Papanikolaou
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Free Enterprise ◽  
Modified Model ◽  
Damage Stability ◽  
History Of ◽  
Transverse Damage ◽  
Second World

The paper reports on experimental investigations which have been made on three model RO/RO ferries. One of these was based on a 1/100th scale model of the Herald of Free Enterprise ferry. The other models were modified versions of the Herald of Free Enterprise which were so modified that they did not decrease the efficient concept of the throughput of a conventional vessel. One modified model had nine longitudinal compartments, while another had six longitudinal compartments; these vessels should meet SOLAS90+50 regulations. The RO/RO ferry models with nine and six compartments had considerably better damage stability characteristics than the conventional model. The experiments were carried out on all models without the consideration of waves and wind. Small weights were placed on the model ferries, to represent motor vehicles, and water was added on the car deck. Measurements of the resulting heel angles were taken. All results were plotted on graphs and they were compared and discussed. The effect of cargo shift on the transverse damage stability of these vessels was found to be significant. The paper also contains a brief history of a few very important RO/RO ferry accidents that have taken place since the end of the Second World War.

scholarly journals An historical framework for psychiatric nosology

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 1935-1941 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Kendler
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Theoretical Orientation ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Early History ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Species Definition ◽  
Psychiatric Nosology ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of

This essay, which seeks to provide an historical framework for our efforts to develop a scientific psychiatric nosology, begins by reviewing the classificatory approaches that arose in the early history of biological taxonomy. Initial attempts at species definition used top-down approaches advocated by experts and based on a few essential features of the organism chosena priori. This approach was subsequently rejected on both conceptual and practical grounds and replaced by bottom-up approaches making use of a much wider array of features. Multiple parallels exist between the beginnings of biological taxonomy and psychiatric nosology. Like biological taxonomy, psychiatric nosology largely began with ‘expert’ classifications, typically influenced by a few essential features, articulated by one or more great 19th-century diagnosticians. Like biology, psychiatry is struggling toward more soundly based bottom-up approaches using diverse illness characteristics. The underemphasized historically contingent nature of our current psychiatric classification is illustrated by recounting the history of how ‘Schneiderian’ symptoms of schizophrenia entered into DSM-III. Given these historical contingencies, it is vital that our psychiatric nosologic enterprise be cumulative. This can be best achieved through a process of epistemic iteration. If we can develop a stable consensus in our theoretical orientation toward psychiatric illness, we can apply this approach, which has one crucial virtue. Regardless of the starting point, if each iteration (or revision) improves the performance of the nosology, the eventual success of the nosologic process, to optimally reflect the complex reality of psychiatric illness, is assured.

scholarly journals Does partisan grassroots mobilization matter in the digital age?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Bischof ◽  
Thomas Kurer
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
Digital Age ◽  
Event History ◽  
Public Event ◽  
Global Village ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

Political parties have long thrived on systematic grassroots mobilization of support. But does traditional partisan bottom-up mobilization still matter in an interconnected digital age turning the world into a `global village'? We address this question by studying the impact of the populist Movimento Cinque Stelle (M5S) on the rejection of the 2016 constitutional referendum in Italy. The movement's unusual practice to coordinate activities on a public event platform provides a unique opportunity to collect the complete event history of a modern political party. We merge this data consisting of over 200'000 geo-coded meetings by 1'000 local chapters with referendum results and individual panel data. Relying on regression, matching, and instrumental variable models, we find a small but consistent effect of M5S activity on the referendum outcome. Our findings demonstrate the continued relevance of bottom-up mobilization and highlight direct democratic means as an influential channel for populist movements.

scholarly journals Text as Discourse: The Chinese in Canada in Historiographical Perspective

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha J Scot
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Representations ◽  
Denise Chong ◽  
Compare And Contrast

As a historiographical analysis, this essay seeks to understand the idea of historical layering through the topic of Chinese immigration to Canada. It considers the following four works: In the Sea of Sterile Mountains: The Chinese in British Columbia (1974) by James Morton, White Canada Forever: Popular Attitudes and Public Policy Toward Orientals in British Columbia (1978) by W Peter Ward, From China to Canada: A History of the Chinese Communities in Canada (1982) by Harry Con et al., and The Concubine's Children (1994) by Denise Chong. It does so in an effort to compare and contrast their approaches with regard to consensus and specialist histories, top-down and bottom-up approaches, as well as passive and active historical representations.

scholarly journals The Role of Alcohol Use During Sexual Situations in the Relationship Between Sexual Revictimization and Women’s Intentions to Engage in Unprotected Sex

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 492-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele R. Parkhill ◽  
Jeanette Norris ◽  
Kelly Cue Davis
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Risk ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Sexual Risk Taking ◽  
Sexual Revictimization ◽  
History Of ◽  
Adult Sexual Assault

Research has demonstrated relationships among childhood sexual abuse, adult sexual assault, and sexual risk taking. This study proposes that one mechanism through which the victimization–sexual risk-taking relationship works is through an increased likelihood of drinking during sexual situations. Using path analysis, this study explores this hypothesis in a sample of 230 women. The model illustrates that women with a history of child and adult sexual victimization reported greater intentions to engage in unprotected sex and that this relationship is in part accounted for by an increased likelihood of drinking in sexual situations. The results suggest that sexual risk reduction programs and sexual assault treatment programs should educate women about the alcohol-involved sexual risk taking that often follows sexual assault victimization.

scholarly journals Executive Compensation and Business Policy Choices at U.S. Commercial Banks

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert DeYoung ◽  
Emma Y. Peng ◽  
Meng Yan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Chief Executive Officers ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Chief Executive ◽  
Growth Opportunities ◽  
Business Policy ◽  
Policy Choices ◽  
History Of ◽  
Executive Officers ◽  
Contractual Risk

AbstractWe show that contractual risk-taking incentives for chief executive officers (CEOs) increased at large U.S. commercial banks around 2000, when industry deregulation expanded these banks’ growth opportunities. Our econometric models indicate that CEOs responded positively to these incentives, especially at the larger banks best able to take advantage of these opportunities. Our results also suggest that bank boards responded to higher-than-average levels of risk by moderating CEO risk-taking incentives; however, this feedback effect is absent at the very largest banks with strong growth opportunities and a history of highly aggressive risk-taking incentives.

Контроверзе бете // Beta controversies

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Силвије Орсаг ◽  
Дејан Микеревић
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Financial Leverage ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Public Firms ◽  
Time Length ◽  
Market Index ◽  
Beta Coefficient ◽  
History Of

Резиме: Предмет овог рада су контроверзе о бета коефицијенту. У раду се расправља о проблемима везаним за њено историјско утемељење: како онима везаним за временску дужину узорка, тако и онима везаним за избор тржишног индекса. Приказани проблеми могу се ријешити одређивањем прилагођене бете, као и додатним прилагођавањима с пословном и финансијском полугом за прорачун фундаменталне бете предузећа. За приватне компаније која немају значајну историју тржишних приноса, бета се може утемељити поређенима са упоредивим јавним предузећима. Ова процедура је доминантна за одређивање бете на малим тржиштима у развоју каква су она у регији. Овај приступ се примјењује и за прорачун бете „одоздо на горе”.Summary: The subjects of this paper are controversies about beta coefficient. Paper discussed problems with historical estimation of beta, as well time length of sample as choosing market index. In addition paper showed simplified regression calculation of beta for Pliva d.d. stocks in excel. Presented problems can be solved with estimation of adjusted beta and addition adjustment by operating and financial leverage to calculate fundamental beta of the company. For the private companies which have no significant history of market yields beta can be establish by corporations with comparable public firms. This procedure is dominant to beta estimation for firms on small emerging markets as those in region. This approach is as well applied for bottom up beta calculations.

Hardy Perennials

2019 ◽  
pp. 884-909
Author(s):  
Gerard Caprio, Jr. ◽  
Patrick Honohan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Banking Crises ◽  
Dynamic Approach ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Regulation And Supervision ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Excessive Risk Taking ◽  
Excessive Risk

In the long history of systemic banking crises—including, but not limited to, the Global Financial Crisis—the worst cases have been caused or at least severely exacerbated by what may be called bad banking and bad policies: those that permitted or encouraged excessive risk-taking and even “looting” of other people’s money. With each crisis there is an inevitable chorus of calls for more official prudential regulation and supervision to prevent a recurrence. Empirical evidence suggests that policy is best directed toward ensuring a dynamic approach to regulation focusing on the information that is being disclosed to market participants, the degree of market discipline on the behavior of bankers, and the incentives in the financial system, including those for regulators.

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