scholarly journals Professional and Amateur Pitchers’ Perspective on the Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injury Risk

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 232596711985077
Author(s):  
Danica D. Vance ◽  
Frank J. Alexander ◽  
Brian W. Kunkle ◽  
Mark Littlefield ◽  
Christopher S. Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Ulnar Collateral Ligament ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Ligament Injury ◽  
Collateral Ligament ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Elbow Injury ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Baseball Pitchers

Background: Medial ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injury is increasingly prevalent in professional baseball pitchers, and significant research has been devoted to understanding the risk factors and prevention strategies associated with it. To date, no study has investigated what the players themselves believe causes and prevents the injury. Purpose: To evaluate the opinions of UCL injuries among pitchers, including professional athletes. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: A total of 214 baseball pitchers (45 high school/college, 169 Major League Baseball [MLB]/Minor League Baseball) completed a 52-item questionnaire designed to evaluate their opinions on the cause of UCL injuries, injury prevention, and Tommy John surgery. Overall, 51 of the 214 pitchers had previously experienced a UCL injury. The frequency of the selection of each answer option was measured. Additionally, chi-square tests were used to compare (1) responses between professional and nonprofessional pitchers and (2) responses between pitchers with and without a previous UCL injury. Results: Only 45% of pitchers thought that UCL injuries are avoidable in MLB. Additionally, 55% of pitchers with a UCL injury had a history of elbow injuries as an adolescent/child, compared with 18% in the uninjured group ( P < .0001). Also, 72% of all surveyed pitchers agreed that fatigue over the course of a season increases the risk of UCL injuries, and the majority of pitchers agreed that inadequate rest from throwing both during the off-season (61%) and the season (59%) increases the risk of UCL injuries. Moreover, 59% of pitchers believed that a 6-man starting rotation would decrease the incidence of UCL injuries. Professional and nonprofessional pitchers significantly differed ( P = .005) in the type of pitch most prone to causing UCL injuries. Conclusion: Pitchers with a previous childhood elbow injury had a significantly higher incidence of UCL injuries during their adult career, suggesting possible predisposition to UCL injury and warranting further research. Fatigue and inadequate rest were of greatest concern among all pitchers for an increased risk of UCL injuries. Understanding and acknowledging the opinions that players have regarding UCL injuries are important to improve UCL education, prevention, and treatment.

Effect of Younger Starting Pitching Age on Humeral Retrotorsion in Baseball Pitchers With an Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injury

2021 ◽  
pp. 036354652199080
Author(s):  
Sean M. Kennedy ◽  
Joseph P. Hannon ◽  
John E. Conway ◽  
Kalyssa Creed ◽  
J. Craig Garrison
Keyword(s):  
Ulnar Collateral Ligament ◽  
Ligament Injury ◽  
Collateral Ligament ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injury ◽  
Baseball Pitchers ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background: Increased humeral retrotorsion (HRT) has been found to be a risk factor for ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) tears in baseball players. Recent work has demonstrated the age of 11 years as a potential watershed age for HRT development. Hypothesis: In a group of baseball pitchers with UCL injuries, athletes who started pitching before the age of 10 years will demonstrate significantly more dominant limb humeral retrotorsion (DHRT) when compared with a group of baseball pitchers who reported starting pitching at 10 years or older. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 84 baseball pitchers with a diagnosed UCL injury were divided into 2 groups based upon the age at which participants began pitching: 33 players reporting a starting pitching age of 10 years or older (group 1) were compared with 51 baseball pitchers reporting a starting pitching age under 10 years (group 2). Participants’ DHRT and nondominant limb humeral retrotorsion (NDHRT) were measured using diagnostic ultrasound. Independent t tests were run to compare mean group differences of all patient data, starting pitching age, age at time of injury, DHRT, NDHRT, and humeral retrotorsion difference (HRTdiff). Results: There were no significant differences between groups with regard to age at time of injury, height, weight, or playing years’ experience. There was a statistically significant difference in the participant-reported starting pitching age. Significant differences between groups were noted for DHRT (group 1: 20.0°± 9.4°, group 2: 14.5°± 10.3°, P = .015) and for NDHRT (group 1: 38.6°± 8.8°, group 2: 32.9°± 9.5°, P = .007). No significant differences between groups were found for HRTdiff ( P = .940). Conclusion: Baseball pitchers with a UCL injury who reported a starting pitching age younger than 10 years demonstrated significantly greater DHRT and NDHRT when compared with UCL-injured baseball pitchers who reported a starting pitching age at 10 years or later. The results of this study demonstrate that a younger starting pitching age results in increased HRT in players with UCL injuries.

scholarly journals Konsep Diri dan Ketidakberdayaan Berhubungan dengan Risiko Bunuh Diri pada Remaja yang Mengalami Bullying

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Udi Wahyudi ◽  
Bram Burnamajaya
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Correlation Study ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Bullying merupakan perilaku negatif yang dilakukan secara berulang-ulang oleh seseorang atau sekelompok orang yang bersifat menyerang karena adanya ketidakseimbangan kekuatan antara pihak yang terlibat.Tindakan bullying dapat berdampak buruk bagi korban maupun pelakunya di masa depannya. Dampak tersebut meliputi kesepian, pencapaian akademik yang buruk, kesulitan penyesuaian (adaptasi), meningkatnya risiko penggunaan zat, keterlibatan dalam tindakan kriminal dan kerentanan gangguan mental emosional seperti cemas, insomnia, penyalahgunaan zat, depresi, mempunyai self-esteem rendah, kesulitan interpersonal, gangguan konsep diri, dan depresi (ketidakberdayaan). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara konsep diri dan ketidakberdayaan dengan risiko bunuh diri pada remaja yang mengalami bullying di SMA Negeri 7 Kota Bogor. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode cross-sectional study dengan bentuk pendekatan rancangan correlation study. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 183 orang didapat dari teknik randomsampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan hasil uji hubungan dengan menggunakan Chi-Square antara konsep diri dengan ketidakberdayaan didapatkan nilai ρ (0,000) lebih kecil daripada nilai α (0,05), sedangkan uji hubungan antara konsep diri dengan risiko bunuh diri didapatkan nilai ρ (0,013) lebih kecil daripada nilai α (0,05). Dengan demikian bahwa ada hubungan antara konsep diri dan ketidakberdayaan dengan risiko bunuh diri pada remaja yang mengalami bullying di SMA Negeri 7 Kota Bogor. Kata kunci: bullying, konsep diri, ketidakberdayaan, risisko bunuh diri SELF-CONCEPT AND INEQUALITY CONNECTED WITH RISK OF SELF-SUFFICIENT IN ADOLESCENTS WHO HAVE BULLYING ABSTRACTBullying is a negative behavior that is carried out repeatedly by a person or group of people who are attacking because of an imbalance of power between the parties involved. Bullying actions can have a negative impact on victims and perpetrators in the future. These impacts include loneliness, poor academic achievement, adaptation difficulties, increased risk of substance use, involvement in criminal acts and susceptibility to mental emotional disorders such as anxiety, insomnia, substance abuse, depression, low self-esteem, interpersonal difficulties, disturbances self concept, and depression (helplessness). The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between self-concept and powerlessness with the risk of suicide in adolescents who experienced bullying in SMA Negeri 7 Kota Bogor. This research is a quantitative study using a cross-sectional study method with a correlation study design approach. The sample in this study amounted to 183 people obtained from random sampling techniques. The results showed that based on the results of the relationship test using Chi-Square between self-concept and powerlessness, the value of ρ (0,000) was smaller than the value of α (0.05), while the test of the relationship between self-concept and risk of suicide obtained a value of ρ (0.013 ) is smaller than the value of α (0.05). Thus that there is a relationship between self-concept and powerlessness with the risk of suicide in adolescents who experience bullying in SMA Negeri 7 Kota Bogor. Keywords: bullying, self-concept, helplessness, suicide risk

What Can a Jump Tell Us About Elbow Injuries in Professional Baseball Pitchers?

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 1220-1225
Author(s):  
John Mayberry ◽  
Scott Mullen ◽  
Scott Murayama
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Professional Baseball ◽  
Shoulder Injury ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Elbow Injury ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Elbow Injuries ◽  
Baseball Pitchers

Background: The incidence rate of elbow injuries has been rising in recent years among professional baseball pitchers. Determining valid screening procedures that allow practitioners to identify pitchers at an increased risk of such injuries is therefore of critical importance. Purpose: To validate the use of countermovement jump (CMJ) tests as a diagnostic tool for pitcher conditioning. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: More than 500 pitchers at a single professional baseball organization performed preseason CMJ assessments on a force plate before the 2013 to 2018 seasons. Three measurements were extracted from ground-reaction force data during the test: eccentric rate of force development (ERFD), average vertical concentric force (AVCF), and concentric vertical impulse (CVI). Athletic trainers at the organization collected detailed information on elbow and shoulder injury rates as well as workload (pitch count) throughout the rest of the season. Poisson regression models were fit to investigate the dependency of injury rates on CMJ test performance. Results: ERFD, CVI, and AVCF were all significant predictors of elbow injury risk after accounting for pitcher age, weight, and workload. The analysis identified 3 specific indicators of heightened risk based on the results of a CMJ scan: low ERFD, a combination of low AVCF and high CVI, and a combination of high AVCF and low CVI. In contrast, shoulder injury risk was roughly independent of all 3 CMJ test measurements. Conclusion: This study supports the hypothesis of the entire kinetic chain’s involvement in pitching by establishing a link between CMJ test performance and elbow injury risk in professional baseball pitchers. CMJ assessment may be a powerful addition to injury risk alert and prevention protocols. Pitchers in high-risk groups can be prescribed specific exercise plans to improve movement imbalances.

scholarly journals Prevalence of microalbuminuria and associated factors among HIV − infected ART naïve patients at Mulago hospital: a cross-sectional study in Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Kiggundu ◽  
Robert Kalyesubula ◽  
Irene Andia-Biraro ◽  
Gyaviira Makanga ◽  
Pauline Byakika-Kibwika
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
P Value ◽  
Mulago Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background HIV infection affects multiple organs and the kidney is a common target making renal disease, one of the recognized complications. Microalbuminuria represents an early, important marker of kidney damage in several populations including HIV-infected antiretroviral therapy (ART) naïve patients. Early detection of microalbuminuria is critical to slowing down progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD) in HIV-infected patients, however, the burden of microalbuminuria in HIV-infected antiretroviral therapy (ART) naïve patients in Uganda is unclear. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Mulago Immune suppression syndrome (ISS) clinic among adult HIV − infected ART naïve outpatients. Data on patient demographics, medical history was collected. Physical examination was performed to assess body mass index (BMI) and hypertension. A single spot morning urine sample from each participant was analysed for microalbuminuria using spectrophotometry and colorimetry. Microalbuminuria was defined by a urine albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) 30-299 mg/g and macroalbuminuria by a UACR > 300 mg/g. To assess the factors associated with microalbuminuria, chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, quantile regression and logistic regression were used. Results A total of 185 adult participants were consecutively enrolled with median age and CD4+ counts of 33(IQR = 28–40) years and 428 (IQR = 145–689) cells/μL respectively. The prevalence of microalbuminuria was 18.9% (95% CI, 14–25%). None of the participants had macroalbuminuria. CD4+ count <350cells/μL was associated with increased risk of microalbuminuria (OR: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.12–0.59), P value = 0.001). Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking, alcohol intake were not found to be significantly associated with microalbuminuria. Conclusion Microalbuminuria was highly prevalent in adult HIV − infected ART naive patients especially those with low CD4+ count. There is need to study the effect of ART on microalbuminuria in adult HIV − infected patients.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Relation between Periodontitis and Chronic Gastritis/Peptic Ulcer: A Cross-Sectional Study Using KoGES HEXA Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 4387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soo Hwan Byun ◽  
Chanyang Min ◽  
Seok Jin Hong ◽  
Hyo Geun Choi ◽  
Dong Hee Koh
Keyword(s):  
Peptic Ulcer ◽  
Chronic Gastritis ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cerebral Stroke ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Financial Income

The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between periodontitis and chronic gastritis/peptic ulcer using a cross-sectional study design. The present prospective cohort study used epidemiological data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) recorded from 2004 to 2016. Among 173,209 participants, 9983 with periodontitis and 125,336 with no periodontitis were selected. Histories of chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer between periodontitis and no periodontitis participants were analyzed. The participants were questioned around any history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, cerebral stroke, ischemic heart disease, periodontitis, body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption, nutritional intake, and financial income. Chi-square tests, independent t-tests, two-tailed analyses were used in statistical analysis of the data. The adjusted odds ratio of chronic gastritis was 2.22 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.10–2.34, p < 0.001) and that of peptic ulcer was 1.86 (95% CI = 1.74–1.98, p < 0.001) in model 2. This study demonstrated that periodontitis was associated with an increased risk of chronic gastritis/peptic ulcer. These findings provide additional evidence for an association between periodontitis and chronic gastritis/peptic ulcer.

scholarly journals Use of contraceptive methods by sexually active teenagers in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 2862-2868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarissa Lisbôa Arla da Rocha ◽  
Bernardo L. Horta ◽  
Ricardo Tavares Pinheiro ◽  
Ana Laura Sica Cruzeiro ◽  
Suelen Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Contraceptive Method ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk

This study aimed to assess the prevalence of contraceptive use by adolescents. A cross-sectional study was performed from March to September 2002 in a representative sample of adolescents 15 to 18 years of age in the urban area of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Multiple-stage sampling was used, and in the 448 census tracts located in the urban area, 90 were sampled and households were visited in each tract. Information was collected on sexual initiation and use of contraceptive methods. Chi-square test was used to compare proportions. The sample included 960 adolescents. 88% of subjects reported the use of any contraceptive method. Condoms were the most commonly used method (63.2%). Low adolescent schooling was the only variable associated with increased risk of non-use of contraceptives. Condom use was higher among males, adolescents whose mothers had 9 or more years of schooling, and those reporting several sexual partners in the previous year. Condoms were the most commonly used contraceptive method.

scholarly journals Contact with poultry and animals increases risk of Campylobacter infections in adults of Ardabil province, Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Reza Ranjbar ◽  
Daryoush Babazadeh
Keyword(s):  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
East Azerbaijan ◽  
Campylobacter Infections

<p>Background<br />The acute gastroenteritis caused by campylobacteriosis is known as one of the common infectious diseases with worldwide distribution. The aim of this study was to detect Campylobacter species in stool samples by routine culturing and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and explore the risk factors in adult subjects in East Azerbaijan province of Iran.</p><p>Methods<br />A cross sectional study involving 1010 adult subjects, from whom stool samples were collected. Samples with inflammatory criteria like fecal leukocytes (WBC ³5) were selected and isolated through fecal lactoferrin detection test. The WBC ³5 and lactoferrin positive samples were selected for Campylobacter detection by culture and PCR methods. The required information consisting of gender, age, place of habitation, and contact with poultry and animals were asked and recorded. Chi-square test and prevalence ratio (PR) was used to analyze the data.</p><p>Results<br />Of 1010 stool samples, 231 (22.9 %) had WBC ³5, and from these samples 58 (25.1%) were positive by culturing and 61 (26.4 %) by PCR. Subjects having habitual contact with animals and poultry had increased risk of Campylobacter infections by 1.65 times compared with subjects without contact with animals and poultry (PR=1.65; 95% CI:1.07-2.68).</p><p>Conclusions<br />Detection of Campylobacter infections by PCR was more sensitive in adults. Investigation of Campylobacter prevalence in Ardabil showed this bacterium should be viewed as one of the possible pathogens in inflammatory diarrheal cases. People having habitual contact with animals should check the health of the animals regularly and not consume food from suspected sources.</p><p> </p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document