scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Mandated Headgear Use in High School Women’s Lacrosse at Reducing the Rate of Head and Face Injuries

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7_suppl5) ◽  
pp. 2325967119S0034
Author(s):  
Samuel L. Baron ◽  
Shayla J. Veasley ◽  
Matthew T. Kingery ◽  
Michael J. Alaia ◽  
Dennis A. Cardone
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
New York ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Athletic Trainers ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
School Organization ◽  
Certified Athletic Trainers ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
The Public

Objectives: There has been continued controversy regarding whether or not headgear use in women’s lacrosse will increase or decrease the rate of head injuries. In 2017, the Public Schools Athletic of New York City became the first high school organization in the country to mandate ASTM standard F3137 headgear for all women’s lacrosse players. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of mandated headgear use on the rate of head and face injuries in high school women’s lacrosse. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study. The study group included eight varsity and junior varsity women’s lacrosse teams, as well as their game opponents, who were mandated to wear F3137 headgear for all practice and game events over the course of the 2017 and 2018 seasons. Certified athletic trainers assessed and documented all injuries that occurred as a result of participation on the lacrosse teams and athlete exposures were estimated based on the number of team practice and game events. Injury rates were compared with those from the High School RIO (Reporting Information Online) injury data reports from the 2009 to 2016 seasons. Results: Over the study period, 17 total injuries were reported during 22,397 exposures for an injury rate of 0.76 injuries per 1,000 athlete-exposures. Two head/face injuries, both of which were classified as concussions, were reported during the study for a head/face injury rate and concussion rate of 0.09 per 1,000 athlete-exposures. The headgear cohort demonstrated significant decreases in rates of in-game head/face injury (RR 0.141, 95% CI [0.004, 0.798]), in-game concussion (RR 0.152, 95% CI [0.004, 0.860) and practice non-head/face injury (RR 0.239, 95% CI [0.049, 0.703]) when compared to the control cohort. Conclusion: Mandated use of F3137 headgear was shown to be effective at lowering the rate of head or face injury and concussions in women’s lacrosse. Additionally, mandated headgear use was also shown to lower the rate of injury to body locations other than the head or face during practice. [Table: see text]

Epidemiology of 10,000 High School Football Injuries: Patterns of Injury by Position Played

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus A. Badgeley ◽  
Natalie M. McIlvain ◽  
Ellen E. Yard ◽  
Sarah K. Fields ◽  
R. Dawn Comstock
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Athletic Trainers ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Data Collection Tool ◽  
High School Athletes ◽  
High School Football ◽  
Certified Athletic Trainers ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Patterns Of Injury

Background:With more than 1.1 million high school athletes playing annually during the 2005−06 to 2009−10 academic years, football is the most popular boys’ sport in the United States.Methods:Using an internet-based data collection tool, RIO, certified athletic trainers (ATs) from 100 nationally representative US high schools reported athletic exposure and football injury data during the 2005−06 to 2009−10 academic years.Results:Participating ATs reported 10,100 football injuries corresponding to an estimated 2,739,187 football-related injuries nationally. The injury rate was 4.08 per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs) overall. Offensive lineman collectively (center, offensive guard, offensive tackle) sustained 18.3% of all injuries. Running backs (16.3%) sustained more injuries than any other position followed by linebackers (14.9%) and wide receivers (11.9%). The leading mechanism of injury was player-player contact (64.0%) followed by player-surface contact (13.4%). More specifically, injury occurred most commonly when players were being tackled (24.4%) and tackling (21.8%).Conclusions:Patterns of football injuries vary by position. Identifying such differences is important to drive development of evidence-based, targeted injury prevention efforts.

scholarly journals Soccer Injuries in Female Youth Players: Comparison of Injury Surveillance by Certified Athletic Trainers and Internet

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa A. Schiff ◽  
Christopher D. Mack ◽  
Nayak L. Polissar ◽  
Marni R. Levy ◽  
Sara P. Dow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Trainers ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Sports Injury ◽  
Injury Surveillance ◽  
Acute Injury ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Certified Athletic Trainers ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Female Youth

Abstract Context: Few authors have evaluated sports injury-surveillance systems that use parental, Internet-based surveys for data collection. Objective: To determine whether certified athletic trainers (ATs) and parental, Internet-based surveys provided comparable data for identifying soccer injuries. Design: Prospective feasibility cohort study. Setting: A soccer association in Seattle, Washington. Patients or Other Participants: Eighty female youth soccer players, ages 12 to 14 years. Main Outcome Measure(s): We compared the data provided by ATs attending 1 soccer practice per week with a weekly soccer-parent, Internet-based system. We measured athlete-exposure hours (AEHs) for each player. We compared injury rates reported by ATs only, Internet-based surveys only, and both systems combined. We evaluated the 2 surveillance systems for agreement on injured body region and laterality of injury using the κ statistic. Results: For ATs only, Internet-based surveys only, and both systems combined, we found acute injury rates of 3.0 per 1000 AEHs, 3.9 per 1000 AEHs, and 4.7 per 1000 AEHs and overuse injury rates of 1.0 per 1000 AEHs, 2.9 per 1000 AEHs, and 2.9 per 1000 AEHs, respectively. Players sustained 27 acute injuries (44% ankle, 11% knee, 11% hip) reported by at least 1 of the 2 systems, with 63% reported by ATs and 85% by Internet-based survey. Players sustained 17 overuse injuries (35% knee, 29% lower leg) reported by either system, with 35% reported by ATs and 100% by Internet-based survey. Among players for whom we had both ATs' and Internet-based survey injury data, body region injured and laterality had very good agreement (κ  =  0.73 to 1.0). Conclusions: The injury rate based on the weekly parental, Internet-based survey was similar to the rate based on the ATs' reporting and had comparable classifications of injured body region and laterality of injury.

scholarly journals EFFECTIVENESS OF HIGH SCHOOL GIRLS LACROSSE HEADGEAR MANDATE IN THE REDUCTION OF HEAD AND FACE INJURIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 2325967119S0002
Author(s):  
Shayla Veasley ◽  
Samuel L. Baron ◽  
Michael Nguyen ◽  
Utkarsh Anil ◽  
Michael Alaia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
The Body ◽  
P Value ◽  
Eye Injuries ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Astm Standard ◽  
High School Girls ◽  
School Girls

INTRODUCTION: Due to a large number of eye injuries in girls’ lacrosse, US Lacrosse instituted a rule making protective eye-wear mandatory starting in the 2004-2005 season. Although the eye-wear was shown to significantly reduce injuries to the eyes, injuries to the head and face are still commonly reported despite body checks and stick checks to the body being illegal. In 2016, US lacrosse ruled that headgear could be used by its teams as long as it meets ASTM standard F3137*. There has been continued controversy over whether or not headgear in women’s lacrosse could make players more aggressive and/or lead to fewer dangerous call penalties by the officials, thus increasing the head and face injury rate. In 2017, the Public Schools Athletic League, which governs most scholastic sports in New York City, became the first high school organization in the country to mandate ASTM standard F3137 headgear for all women’s lacrosse players. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of ASTM standard F3137 approved headgear on the rate of head and face injuries in high school girls’ lacrosse. METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study. The study group included three JV and five varsity girls’ lacrosse teams, as well as their game opponents, who were mandated to wear headgear for all practice and game events over the course of the 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 lacrosse seasons. Certified athletic trainers assessed and documented all injuries that occurred as a result of participation on the lacrosse teams and athlete exposures were estimated based on the number of team practice and game events. Injury rates were compared with those from the High School RIO (Reporting Information Online) injury data reports from the 2008-2009 to 2015-2016 lacrosse seasons as well as an external publication based on RIO data that provided concussion injury rates. RESULTS: Over the study period, 17 total injuries were reported during 22397 athlete exposures (AEs), for an injury rate of 0.76 injuries per 1000 AEs. Two total head/face injuries (2 concussions) were reported during the study for both a head/face and concussion rate of 0.09 per 1000 AEs. There was a significant decrease in injury rates for total injuries (RR 0.4927; 95% Confidence Interval [CI], 0.3037-0.7995; P-value 0.004) and head/face injuries (RR 0.2232; 95% CI, 0.2232-0.055; p-value 0.016) when comparing this data to the HS RIO study reports. When compared to the concussion data provided by the external RIO publication, there was a lower injury rate that was not found to be significant (RR 0.26; 95% CI, 0.0630 -1.033; p-value: 0.03879). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Headgear use did not increase the injury rate for the head/face when compared to data before the optional headgear use rule. This may help to dispel fears over an injury rate that would increase due to more aggressive play or less cautious officiating.

A - 09 The Epidemiology of Concussion in Middle School Wrestling

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 649-649
Author(s):  
Ferranti SA ◽  
Kelshaw PM ◽  
Hacherl SL ◽  
Erdman NK ◽  
Lincoln AE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Middle School ◽  
Return To Sport ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Collegiate Sports ◽  
Certified Athletic Trainers ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
School Division ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rate Ratios

Abstract Objective Wrestling has among the highest concussion incidence in all high school and collegiate sports. Many children begin wrestling in middle school (MS), however, research describing concussion incidence in MS wrestling remains limited. Therefore, we sought to describe the incidence of concussion and subsequent sport time loss (TL) sustained by MS wrestlers. Methods Certified athletic trainers collected concussion and athlete exposure (AE) data for all MS wrestling practices and matches in a large metropolitan public-school division between 2015/16 and 2019/20. AE was defined as one athlete participating in one practice or match. Frequencies and proportions were calculated for diagnosed concussions by event type. TL was the number of days from date of injury to return to sport. Concussion injury rates (IR) per 1000 AEs and injury rate ratios (IRR) to compare IR between practice and matches were calculated with 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs). IRRs with 95% CIs excluding 1.0 were statistically significant. Results 43 concussions occurred across 38,297 AEs (IR = 1.12, 95%CI = 0.79–1.46). No significant difference in the concussion IR between practices (n = 33, IR = 1.11, 95%CI = 0.73–1.49) and matches (n = 10, IR = 1.16, CI = 0.44–1.87; IRR = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.51–2.11) was observed. The mean TL was 18.38 ± 8.25 days. Conclusions We observed higher practice and match concussion rates than those previously reported among middle and high school wrestlers. Additionally, our findings showed that MS wrestlers required approximately 5 more days to return to sport than reported among HS wrestlers. Further investigation of concussion risk factors for concussion and prolonged TL in MS wrestling is needed.

scholarly journals A Comparison of High School Boys' and Girls' Lacrosse Injuries: Academic Years 2008–2009 Through 2015–2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 1049-1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keegan Warner ◽  
Jennifer Savage ◽  
Christopher M. Kuenze ◽  
Alexandria Erkenbeck ◽  
R. Dawn Comstock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Mechanism Of Injury ◽  
Certified Athletic Trainers ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Knee Ligament ◽  
Ankle Ligament ◽  
Rule Changes

Context The sex-based differences in the structure and rules of boys' and girls' lacrosse result in very different styles of play, which may have significant implications for the rates and patterns of injuries. Objective To compare the epidemiology of injuries sustained by boys' and girls' lacrosse players. Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Setting Web-based online surveillance system. Patients or Other Participants The High School Reporting Information Online database was used to analyze injuries reported by certified athletic trainers from 2008–2009 through 2015–2016. Main Outcome Measure(s) Practice and competition injury rates, body site, diagnosis, and mechanism. Results Boys had a higher injury rate than girls (20.9 versus 15.7 per 10 000 athlete-exposures, respectively; rate ratio = 1.3, 95% confidence interval = 1.2, 1.4). The most commonly injured body sites for boys and girls, respectively, were the lower extremities (38.0%, 56.4%) and the head/neck (28.3%, 29.8%). More specifically, the most frequently diagnosed injuries for both boys and girls, respectively, in competitions were concussions (23.1%, 25.6%), ankle ligament sprains (7.8%, 15.3%), upper leg strains (4.8%, 6.7%), and knee ligament sprains (4.2%, 6.7%). The most cited mechanism of injury overall was contact with another player (22.0%); among boys, it was contact with a stick (14.8%) and among girls, the most frequent mechanisms were overuse (25.0%) and contact with a stick (14.7%). Conclusions Injury rates and mechanisms of injuries differed between high school boys' and girls' lacrosse players. Boys had a higher rate of injury, with the most common mechanism of injury being contact with another player compared with overuse in girls. However, similarities were seen between sexes for the most frequently injured body sites and injury diagnoses. Future authors should continue to compare differences in injury rates, equipment upgrades, and rule changes in boys' and girls' lacrosse.

Sex-Related Injury Patterns among Selected High School Sports

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Powell ◽  
Kim D. Barber-Foss
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Knee Injury ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Athletic Trainers ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Certified Athletic Trainers ◽  
High School Sports ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
School Sports ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

This cohort observational study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that the incidence of injuries for girls participating in high school sports is greater than that for boys. From 1995 through 1997, players were included in our study if they were listed on the school's varsity team roster for boys’ or girls’ basketball, boys’ or girls’ soccer, boys’ baseball, or girls’ softball. Injuries and opportunities for injury were recorded daily. Certified athletic trainers reported injury and exposure data. Based on 39,032 player-seasons and 8988 reported injuries, the injury rates per 100 players for softball (16.7) and for girls’ soccer (26.7) were higher than for baseball (13.2) and boys’ soccer (23.4). The knee injury rates per 100 players for girls’ basketball (4.5) and girls’ soccer (5.2) were higher than for their male counterparts. Major injuries occurred more often in girls’ basketball (12.4%) and soccer (12.1%) than in boys’ basketball (9.9%) and soccer (10.4%). Baseball players (12.5%) had more major injuries than softball players (7.8%). There was a higher number of surgeries, particularly knee and anterior cruciate ligament surgeries, for female basketball and soccer players than for boys or girls in other sports.

Trends in United States High School Soccer Concussion Reporting from 2012–2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 740-740
Author(s):  
S Burkhart ◽  
C Ellis ◽  
J Baggett ◽  
T Smurawa ◽  
J Polousky
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Athletic Trainers ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Event Type ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Rank One ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
Surveillance Database

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to provide updated high school soccer concussion incidence rates by gender and event type. It was hypothesized more soccer injuries occur in females, during games, and that females would have higher injury rates and risk. Methods This study used data from the Rank One Health Injury Surveillance Database (ROH ISD) between 2012–17, from 1,999 high schools in student-athletes ages 14 to 18. This study examined high school soccer concussion incidence rate reporting by Athletic Trainers (ATCs). Injury rates per 1,000 Athletic Exposures, injury rate ratios (IRRs), and risk ratios (RR) were calculated by event type. All 95% confidence intervals (CIs) not containing 1.0 were considered statistically significant. Results A total of 6,669 concussions with an average age of 15.62 (SD=1.26) were reported by ATCs in high school soccer from 2012-17. More concussions occurred in games (4,527; 67.9%) than practices (2,142; 32.1%). During games, males (3.49/1,000 AEs) had lower rates than females (7.78/1,000 AEs). During practice, males (0.52/1,000 AEs) had lower rates than females (0/97/1,000 AEs). Injury risk ratio was higher in games than practices for males (RR=6.71; 95% CI=6.67, 6.75) and females (RR=8.11; 95% CI=8.08, 8.14). Conclusion This study marks the largest epidemiological high school soccer concussion incidence investigation to date. The findings from this study provide updated high school soccer concussion incidence rates and provide further evidence of differences in injury rates when comparing practices and games.

scholarly journals Incidence of Injuries in High School Softball and Baseball Players

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 648-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Shanley ◽  
Mitchell J. Rauh ◽  
Lori A. Michener ◽  
Todd S. Ellenbecker
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
High Schools ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
School Sports ◽  
Initial Injury ◽  
Subsequent Injury

Context: Participation in high school sports has grown 16.1% over the last decade, but few studies have compared the overall injury risks in girls' softball and boys' baseball. Objective: To examine the incidence of injury in high school softball and baseball players. Design: Cohort study. Setting: Greenville, South Carolina, high schools. Patients or Other Participants: Softball and baseball players (n = 247) from 11 high schools. Main Outcome Measure(s): Injury rates, locations, types; initial or subsequent injury; practice or game setting; positions played; seasonal trends. Results: The overall incidence injury rate was 4.5/1000 athlete-exposures (AEs), with more injuries overall in softball players (5.6/1000 AEs) than in baseball players (4.0/1000 AEs). Baseball players had a higher initial injury rate (75.9/1000 AEs) than softball players (66.4/1000 AEs): rate ratio (RR) = 0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.4, 1.7. The initial injury rate was higher than the subsequent injury rate for the overall sample (P < .0001) and for softball (P < .0001) and baseball (P < .001) players. For both sports, the injury rate during games (4.6/1000 AEs) was similar to that during practices (4.1/1000 AEs), RR = 1.22, 95% CI = 0.7, 2.2. Softball players were more likely to be injured in a game than were baseball players (RR = 1.92, 95% CI = 0.8, 4.3). Most injuries (77%) were mild (3.5/1000 AEs). The upper extremity accounted for the highest proportion of injuries (63.3%). The incidence of injury for pitchers was 37.3% and for position players was 15.3%. The rate of injury was highest during the first month of the season (7.96/1000 AEs). Conclusions: The incidence of injury was low for both softball and baseball. Most injuries were minor and affected the upper extremity. The injury rates were highest in the first month of the season, so prevention strategies should be focused on minimizing injuries and monitoring players early in the season.

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