Trends in United States High School Soccer Concussion Reporting from 2012–2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 740-740
Author(s):  
S Burkhart ◽  
C Ellis ◽  
J Baggett ◽  
T Smurawa ◽  
J Polousky
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Athletic Trainers ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Event Type ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Rank One ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
Surveillance Database

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to provide updated high school soccer concussion incidence rates by gender and event type. It was hypothesized more soccer injuries occur in females, during games, and that females would have higher injury rates and risk. Methods This study used data from the Rank One Health Injury Surveillance Database (ROH ISD) between 2012–17, from 1,999 high schools in student-athletes ages 14 to 18. This study examined high school soccer concussion incidence rate reporting by Athletic Trainers (ATCs). Injury rates per 1,000 Athletic Exposures, injury rate ratios (IRRs), and risk ratios (RR) were calculated by event type. All 95% confidence intervals (CIs) not containing 1.0 were considered statistically significant. Results A total of 6,669 concussions with an average age of 15.62 (SD=1.26) were reported by ATCs in high school soccer from 2012-17. More concussions occurred in games (4,527; 67.9%) than practices (2,142; 32.1%). During games, males (3.49/1,000 AEs) had lower rates than females (7.78/1,000 AEs). During practice, males (0.52/1,000 AEs) had lower rates than females (0/97/1,000 AEs). Injury risk ratio was higher in games than practices for males (RR=6.71; 95% CI=6.67, 6.75) and females (RR=8.11; 95% CI=8.08, 8.14). Conclusion This study marks the largest epidemiological high school soccer concussion incidence investigation to date. The findings from this study provide updated high school soccer concussion incidence rates and provide further evidence of differences in injury rates when comparing practices and games.

scholarly journals Injuries in Korean Elite Taekwondo Athletes: A Prospective Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 5143
Author(s):  
Boae Son ◽  
Young Jae Cho ◽  
Hee Seong Jeong ◽  
Sae Yong Lee
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Event Type ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Injury Surveillance System ◽  
Common Location ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
A Prospective Study

This prospective cohort study aimed to identify the incidence and characteristics of Taekwondo-related injuries according to age, sex, and event type (i.e., practice or competition) based on a web-based injury surveillance system (ISS) with a follow-up period of 12 months. A total of 285 members of the Korea Taekwondo Association who competed in the 2016 season participated. Injury incidence rates (IRs) were calculated per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs). Injury rate ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated and compared regarding age, sex, and event type. During the season, 336 injuries were reported, resulting in a rate of 6.31/1000 AEs. The most common location, type, and mechanism of injury in Taekwondo athletes were the foot/ankle, ligament sprain, and contact with another player, respectively. The overall injury IRs associated with Taekwondo practicing and competition were 4.79/1000 AEs and 24.86/1000 AEs, respectively. The overall injury RR related to both practice and competition was higher in youth athletes than in adult athletes. However, adult athletes were more likely to sustain more severe injuries. Korean elite Taekwondo athletes were commonly exposed to injury, especially youth and female athletes. Therefore, continuation of the ISS suggests the development of interventions for preventing injuries sustained by Taekwondo athletes.

scholarly journals Trends in US High School Football Concussion Reporting, 2012-2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7_suppl5) ◽  
pp. 2325967119S0030
Author(s):  
Scott O. Burkhart ◽  
Dustin M. Loveland ◽  
Troy M. Smurawa ◽  
John Polousky
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High Schools ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Event Type ◽  
High School Football ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
High School Sports ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
School Sports

Objectives: Football has been a sport with high concussion rates when examined independently (Rosenthal et al., 2014). Accurately describing injury trends in high school sports is necessary to identify student-athletes at the greatest risk of injury and where potential injury reduction interventions should be focused. With increased reported high school concussion injuries and associated state legislative requirements, increased incidence rates are needed. The purpose of this study was to provide updated high-school football concussion incidence rates. Methods: Data Source and Study Period This study used data from the Rank One Health Injury Surveillance Database (ROH ISD). Data for the current study were analyzed across 6 calendar years (2012 through 2017) from 1,999 high schools. Data from the current study examined high school football concussion data in males ages 14 to 18. The ROH ISD consists of a convenience sample of participating schools from 2012 to 2017. Exposure and injury data represent a convenience sample of US high schools. For the current study, only data provided across all 1,999 high schools were included. All 1,999 high schools included in the current study logged practice and game participation events for each individual athlete participating in football at the respective high school and athletic exposures (AEs) are an accurate representation of rostered athletes participating in either practices or games by age and calendar year. The ROH ISD was deemed Category 4 IRB exempt. Statistical Analysis Injury counts, practice exposures, game exposures, and distributions by event type (practice or game), age, and injury mechanism were examined. Injury rates per 1,000 AEs and injury rate ratios (IRRs) were calculated by event type. Injury proportion ratios (IPRs) were used to examine differences by calendar year. Risk ratios (RRs) were calculated to compare event type by calendar year. All 95% confidence intervals (CIs) not containing 1.0 were considered statistically significant. Results: 997,308 male student-athletes participated in high school football. ATs recorded a total of 14,103 concussions in high school football from a total of 235,134 total injuries across all high school sports. High school football concussions accounted for 6% of all injuries in high school sports from 2012-2017. More concussions occurred in games (51.8%) than practices (48.2%). Decreases were found in annual injury rates for practices in high school football student-athletes from 2012 to 2016 with an increase in 2017. Decreases were found in annual injury rates for games from 2012 to 2016 with an increase in 2017. IPR decreased by year from 2012 to 2016 (with an increase in 2017. IRR and RR comparisons for games versus practices were significant from 2012 to 2017 (Table 1). Conclusion: This study marks the largest epidemiological high school football concussion incidence investigation to date. The findings from this study provide updated high school football concussion incidence rates and provide further evidence of differences in injury rates when comparing practices and games. The higher rates of concussions occurring in games relative to practices emphasize prior trends of injury risk relative to the level of competition. Overall, results highlight a decline in injury rates over time and lower rates of injury compared to prior high school football epidemiological concussion studies. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Mandated Headgear Use in High School Women’s Lacrosse at Reducing the Rate of Head and Face Injuries

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7_suppl5) ◽  
pp. 2325967119S0034
Author(s):  
Samuel L. Baron ◽  
Shayla J. Veasley ◽  
Matthew T. Kingery ◽  
Michael J. Alaia ◽  
Dennis A. Cardone
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
New York ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Athletic Trainers ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
School Organization ◽  
Certified Athletic Trainers ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
The Public

Objectives: There has been continued controversy regarding whether or not headgear use in women’s lacrosse will increase or decrease the rate of head injuries. In 2017, the Public Schools Athletic of New York City became the first high school organization in the country to mandate ASTM standard F3137 headgear for all women’s lacrosse players. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of mandated headgear use on the rate of head and face injuries in high school women’s lacrosse. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study. The study group included eight varsity and junior varsity women’s lacrosse teams, as well as their game opponents, who were mandated to wear F3137 headgear for all practice and game events over the course of the 2017 and 2018 seasons. Certified athletic trainers assessed and documented all injuries that occurred as a result of participation on the lacrosse teams and athlete exposures were estimated based on the number of team practice and game events. Injury rates were compared with those from the High School RIO (Reporting Information Online) injury data reports from the 2009 to 2016 seasons. Results: Over the study period, 17 total injuries were reported during 22,397 exposures for an injury rate of 0.76 injuries per 1,000 athlete-exposures. Two head/face injuries, both of which were classified as concussions, were reported during the study for a head/face injury rate and concussion rate of 0.09 per 1,000 athlete-exposures. The headgear cohort demonstrated significant decreases in rates of in-game head/face injury (RR 0.141, 95% CI [0.004, 0.798]), in-game concussion (RR 0.152, 95% CI [0.004, 0.860) and practice non-head/face injury (RR 0.239, 95% CI [0.049, 0.703]) when compared to the control cohort. Conclusion: Mandated use of F3137 headgear was shown to be effective at lowering the rate of head or face injury and concussions in women’s lacrosse. Additionally, mandated headgear use was also shown to lower the rate of injury to body locations other than the head or face during practice. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals High School Rowing Injuries: National Athletic Treatment, Injury and Outcomes Network (NATION)

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine M. Baugh ◽  
Zachary Y. Kerr
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Descriptive Epidemiology ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Main Outcome Measure ◽  
Exposure Data ◽  
Rate Ratios

Data on high school (HS) rowing injuries are lacking.Context: To describe the epidemiology of HS boys' and girls' rowing injuries during the 2011–2012 through 2013–2014 academic years.Objective: Descriptive epidemiology study.Design: Injury and exposure data from 8 and 11 boys' and girls' rowing programs providing 13 and 17 team-seasons of data, respectively.Setting: High school boys' and girls' varsity rowing student-athletes.Patients or Other Participants: High school rowing data from the National Athletic Treatment, Injury and Outcomes Network.Intervention(s): Injury rates and rate ratios were reported with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Main Outcome Measure(s): In HS boys' and girls' rowing, 59 and 190 injuries were reported, respectively, for rates of 2.39/1000 athlete-exposures (95% CI = 1.78, 3.00) and 8.60/1000 athlete-exposures (95% CI = 7.38, 9.82). The girls' rowing injury rate was 3.60 times that of boys' (95% CI = 2.69, 4.82).Results: These findings suggest a higher injury rate among HS female rowers than HS male rowers. Additional research exploring reasons for the sex difference is warranted.Conclusions:

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association Women's Field Hockey: 2014–2015 Through 2018–2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 636-642
Author(s):  
Aliza K. Nedimyer ◽  
Adrian J. Boltz ◽  
Hannah J. Robison ◽  
Christy L. Collins ◽  
Sarah N. Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Field Hockey ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Safety Practices ◽  
Epidemiologic Evidence ◽  
Rate Ratios

Context The National Collegiate Athletic Association has sponsored women's field hockey since 1981, and team membership as well as student-athlete participation has grown over time. Background Routine examinations of injuries sustained by athletes are important for identifying and understanding patterns that can be used to inform sport safety practices. Methods Exposure and injury data collected in the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program from 2014–2015 through 2018–2019 were analyzed. Injury counts, rates, and proportions were used to describe injury characteristics, and injury rate ratios were used to examine differential injury rates. Results The overall injury rate was 6.27 per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs). Head/face injuries (16.0%) and thigh injuries (12.3%) were the most commonly injured body parts during the 2014–2015 through 2018–2019 academic years. Concussion (8.6%) was the most commonly reported injury, and concussion rates notably decreased between 2017–2018 and 2018–2019. Summary Study findings were generally consistent with the existing epidemiologic evidence. Incidence rates and trajectories of commonly observed injuries warrant particular attention in the future.

A - 09 The Epidemiology of Concussion in Middle School Wrestling

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 649-649
Author(s):  
Ferranti SA ◽  
Kelshaw PM ◽  
Hacherl SL ◽  
Erdman NK ◽  
Lincoln AE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Middle School ◽  
Return To Sport ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Collegiate Sports ◽  
Certified Athletic Trainers ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
School Division ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rate Ratios

Abstract Objective Wrestling has among the highest concussion incidence in all high school and collegiate sports. Many children begin wrestling in middle school (MS), however, research describing concussion incidence in MS wrestling remains limited. Therefore, we sought to describe the incidence of concussion and subsequent sport time loss (TL) sustained by MS wrestlers. Methods Certified athletic trainers collected concussion and athlete exposure (AE) data for all MS wrestling practices and matches in a large metropolitan public-school division between 2015/16 and 2019/20. AE was defined as one athlete participating in one practice or match. Frequencies and proportions were calculated for diagnosed concussions by event type. TL was the number of days from date of injury to return to sport. Concussion injury rates (IR) per 1000 AEs and injury rate ratios (IRR) to compare IR between practice and matches were calculated with 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs). IRRs with 95% CIs excluding 1.0 were statistically significant. Results 43 concussions occurred across 38,297 AEs (IR = 1.12, 95%CI = 0.79–1.46). No significant difference in the concussion IR between practices (n = 33, IR = 1.11, 95%CI = 0.73–1.49) and matches (n = 10, IR = 1.16, CI = 0.44–1.87; IRR = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.51–2.11) was observed. The mean TL was 18.38 ± 8.25 days. Conclusions We observed higher practice and match concussion rates than those previously reported among middle and high school wrestlers. Additionally, our findings showed that MS wrestlers required approximately 5 more days to return to sport than reported among HS wrestlers. Further investigation of concussion risk factors for concussion and prolonged TL in MS wrestling is needed.

scholarly journals Withdrawals and Retirements in Professional Tennis Players

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Hartwell ◽  
Sandra M. Fong ◽  
Alexis C. Colvin
Keyword(s):  
Rate Ratio ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Descriptive Epidemiology ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Professional Tennis ◽  
Rate Ratios

Background: Injuries and illnesses for professional tennis athletes disrupt training, competition, and progression in the sport and represent a major reason for athlete withdrawal or retirement from a tournament. Few descriptive epidemiological studies have focused on these trends in elite tennis athletes. Purpose: To examine the causes of professional tennis player withdrawal or retirement from United States Tennis Association (USTA) Pro Circuit tournaments during 2013. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Methods: Tournament records from the 2013 USTA Pro Circuit season were retrospectively reviewed for incidences of injury and illness that resulted in athlete withdrawal from the tournament. Data were reported as incidence rates per 1000 match exposures and rate ratios. Results: There were 70 medical conditions over the course of 27 competitions (20,988 match exposures), for an overall incidence rate of 3.34 per 1000 match exposures. Women were more likely to injure themselves on clay courts compared with hard courts (rate ratio, 4.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.41-19.85) and in the first half of the season compared with the second half (rate ratio, 3.95; 95% CI, 1.13-21.17). Men had a higher injury rate than women (rate ratio, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.17-3.63), and muscle-/tendon-related injuries were 6 times more likely than all other injuries (95% CI, 2.81-14.69). Conclusion: Women were more likely to experience an injury when playing on clay court surfaces, and they also experienced more injuries during the first half of the season. Injury rates for men often peaked during the months that players could qualify for Grand Slam competitions. There was a predominance of injuries in men compared with women.

scholarly journals An Epidemiological Comparison of Elbow Injuries Among United States High School Baseball and Softball Players, 2005-2006 Through 2014-2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew V. Pytiak ◽  
Matthew J. Kraeutler ◽  
Dustin W. Currie ◽  
Eric C. McCarty ◽  
R. Dawn Comstock
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Elbow Injury ◽  
Injury Data ◽  
Elbow Injuries ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Rate Ratios

Background: Pitching is a common mechanism of injury in baseball, with known risk factors for elbow injuries among adolescent pitchers. Hypothesis: Elbow injury rates and mechanisms will differ between high school baseball and softball players. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: Baseball- and softball-related injury data from the 2005-2006 through 2014-2015 academic years were collected from the High School Reporting Information Online (RIO) Internet-based data collection tool. Athlete-exposure (AE) and injury data were collected by certified athletic trainers. Rate ratios (RRs) were calculated comparing injury rates in the 2 populations. Injury proportion ratios (IPRs) comparing elbow injuries in pitchers and nonpitchers were calculated as the proportion of all elbow injuries in pitchers divided by the proportion of all elbow injuries in nonpitchers. Results: A total of 214 elbow injuries in male baseball players occurred over 2,327,774 AEs, for an overall elbow injury rate of 0.92 per 10,000 AEs. A total of 75 elbow injuries were reported in female softball players over 1,731,644 AEs, for an overall rate of 0.43 per 10,000 AEs. The rate of elbow injury was significantly higher for baseball than softball (RR, 2.12; 95% CI, 1.64-2.77). A significantly greater proportion of elbow injuries in baseball were pitching-related compared with those from softball, with 50.2% occurring while pitching in baseball versus 11.0% in softball (IPR, 4.58; 95% CI, 2.35-8.93). If all injuries occurring during pitching were removed from both sports, the difference in elbow injury rate for baseball and softball would no longer be significant (RR, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.88-1.62). Conclusion: The rate of elbow injuries is significantly higher in baseball than softball. This is attributable to differences in rates of pitching-related injuries between these 2 groups. Clinical Relevance: These results demonstrate that overhand pitching increases risk of elbow injury in high school athletes.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association Women's Track and Field: 2014–2015 Through 2018–2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 780-787
Author(s):  
Avinash Chandran ◽  
Sarah N. Morris ◽  
Patricia R. Roby ◽  
Adrian J. Boltz ◽  
Hannah J. Robison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Lateral Ligament ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Rate Ratios

Context Women's track and field events at the National Collegiate Athletic Association level have grown in popularity in recent years, and track and field athletes are vulnerable to a broad range of potential injuries. Background Routine examination of track and field injuries is important for identifying emerging patterns in injury incidence. Methods Exposure and injury data collected in the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program during the 2014–2015 to 2018–2019 academic years were analyzed. Injury counts, rates, and proportions were used to describe injury characteristics, and injury rate ratios were used to examine differential injury rates. Results The overall injury rate was 2.20 per 1000 athlete exposures; the competition injury rate was higher than the practice injury rate (injury rate ratio = 1.73; 95% confidence interval = 1.51, 1.97). Hamstring tears (8.9%), medial tibial stress syndrome (5.4%), and lateral ligament complex tears (4.2%) were the most reported injuries. Conclusions Given the results of this study, further attention may be directed toward factors associated with noncontact injury risk in the competitions. The changing injury rates of most reported injuries also warrant monitoring post 2018–2019.

scholarly journals Incidence of Patients With Knee Strain and Sprain Occurring at Sports or Recreation Venues and Presenting to United States Emergency Departments

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 1190-1198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron M. Gray ◽  
William L. Buford
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Departments ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Athletic Trainers ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Injury Surveillance ◽  
Injury Surveillance System ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Injury Rates

Context Knee injuries account for a substantial percentage of all athletic injuries. The relative rates of knee injury for a variety of sports by sex and age need to be understood so we can better allocate resources, such as athletic trainers, to properly assess and treat injuries and reduce injury risk. Objective To describe the epidemiology of patients with sport-related knee strain and sprain presenting to US emergency departments from 2002 to 2011. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Using the Consumer Products Safety Commission's National Electronic Injury Surveillance System and the US Census Bureau, we extracted raw data to estimate national rates of patients with knee strain and sprain presenting to emergency departments. Patients or Other Participants Participants were individuals sustaining a knee strain or sprain at sports or recreation venues and presenting to local emergency departments for treatment. We included 12 popular sports for males and 11 for females. Ages were categorized in six 5-year increments for ages 5 to 34 years and one 10-year increment for ages 35 to 44 years. Main Outcome Measure(s) Incidence rates were calculated using weights provided by the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System and reported with their 95% confidence intervals for sport, sex, and age. Results Strain and sprain injury rates varied greatly by sport, sex, and age group. The highest injury rates occurred in football and basketball for males and in soccer and basketball for females. The most at-risk population was 15 to 19 years for both sexes. Conclusions Athletes experience different rates of knee strain and sprain according to sport, sex, and age. Increased employment of athletic trainers to care for the highest-risk populations, aged 10 to 19 years, is recommended to reduce emergency department use and implement injury-prevention practices.

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