scholarly journals Increasing Incidence of Pectoralis Major Ruptures in NFL Players

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7_suppl5) ◽  
pp. 2325967119S0039
Author(s):  
Patrick Wise ◽  
Robert A. Gallo
Keyword(s):  
Bench Press ◽  
National Football League ◽  
Relative Strength ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
The Past ◽  
Playing Time ◽  
Performance Enhancing

Objectives: Pectoralis major ruptures are considered an uncommon injury in football. A previous study showing that only 10 compete ruptures occurred in the NFL between the years 2000-2010. The purpose of the study is to report the incidence of pectoralis ruptures in National Football League (NFL) players from 2010-2017 and identify any characteristics that could have contributed. We hypothesized that incidence of pectoralis major ruptures would increase over the past eight years. Methods: Using publicly available reports from websites such as ESPN.com and NFL.com, pectoralis major injuries in professional football players were identified during the years 2010-2017. Details about age, position played, injury setting, performance enhancing drug (PED) suspensions, and combine performance were obtained from NFL Combine and compared to peers at the same workout. Results: During the eight years analyzed 51 separate NFL players suffered a total of 55 pectoralis major ruptures. Defensive players accounted for 82% (42 of 51) of the injured players. The ruptures happened at the average age of 26±1 years, and 76.4% (42 of 55) of them occurred during games. After the rupture, 87.3% (48 of 55) required surgery, while definitive treatment could not be determined for the remaining seven injuries. For athletes that received playing time before injury and had their rupture occur prior to the most recent 2017 season, 85.4% (41 of 48) returned to play in a game. When comparing athletes at the combine who later ruptured their pectoralis major to peers at their position, those who tore their pectoralis major tendon on-average ranked in the 63 rd percentile for bench press (N=40), 50th percentile for arm length (N=14), and 52nd percentile for 20-yard shuttle (N=20). When the NFL suspension records were examined, only 5.9% (3 of 51) of players with a pectoralis major rupture had been suspended for (performance-enhancing drug) PED use before or after the injury. Conclusion: The total number of pectoralis major ruptures has drastically risen from 10 cases between 2000-2010 to 55 cases from 2010-2017. The reason behind this increase remain uncertain but appears to be independent of relative strength, agility, and arm length, and suspension for PED use.

Lower Cervical Posterior Element Fractures in the National Football League: A Report of 2 Cases and a Review of the Literature

Neurosurgery ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. E1743-E1749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark C. Drakos ◽  
Brian T. Feeley ◽  
Ronnie Barnes ◽  
Mark Muller ◽  
T. Pepper Burruss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
National Football League ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Axial Loading ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Unstable Fracture ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Cervical Spine Injuries ◽  
Spine Injuries ◽  
Posterior Element

Abstract BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE: Injuries in professional football players are common because of the nature of the collisions and the frequency of axial loading to the cervical spine. These injuries should be thoroughly evaluated because they can put the player at risk of future injury and even paralysis. The focus of this report is to present 2 cases of this injury and review the current body of literature. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: We present 2 cases of professional football players who experienced injuries to the lower posterior elements of their cervical spine simultaneously on a kickoff during a game. Both players described transient symptoms consistent with a “stinger,” which is commonly encountered. Workup revealed fractures of the lower cervical spine in both patients. One patient was able to be managed conservatively and returned to football the following season. The second patient had an unstable fracture that ultimately required operative intervention, and the patient retired from professional football. CONCLUSION: Cervical spine injuries in football players need to be adequately evaluated, and in many cases can be career threatening. We recommend that players with persistent pain after a transient neurapraxia undergo radiography and computed tomography of the cervical spine to evaluate for a fracture.

Professional Football Scouts: An Investigation of Racial Stacking

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Woodward
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
National Football League ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
White Athletes ◽  
Collegiate Football

In this article the author examines sports guides that are dedicated to critiquing collegiate football players eligible for the annual National Football League amateur draft. An effort is made to assess whether the scouts in these guides describe collegiate players in ways that correspond with U.S. race logic as articulated by Coakley (1998). More specifically, the article focuses on the mental and physical descriptions of African American and White athletes by professional scouts. The results show that African American players are more likely to be described in physical terms (rather than mental terms) than are White players in the same positions.

scholarly journals Playing football on artificial turf as a risk factor for fifth metatarsal stress fracture: a retrospective cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e022864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayuki Miyamori ◽  
Masashi Nagao ◽  
Ryuichi Sawa ◽  
Steve Tumilty ◽  
Masafumi Yoshimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Stress Fracture ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Artificial Turf ◽  
The Past ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Playing Time ◽  
Generalised Estimating Equations ◽  
Baseline Demographic

ObjectiveThe fifth metatarsal stress fracture is a common injury among football players. Although several risk factors have been proposed, the association between the playing surface and development of fifth metatarsal stress fractures (MT-5) has not been evaluated. We conducted an epidemiological study using a computer-based survey to investigate the association between the playing surface and development of MT-5.MethodsThis study included 1854 football players, of which 41 experienced MT-5 within the past 24 months. Baseline demographic data and the percentage of time spent playing on artificial turf and clay fields were compared between the non-MT-5 and MT-5 player groups, and the risks for development of MT-5 associated with the playing surfaces were estimated by univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsThere were significant differences in body mass index, years of play, playing categories and playing time on artificial turf between non-MT-5 and MT-5 groups (p<0.05). Generalised estimating equations analyses adjusted for multiple confounders demonstrated that relative to the risk of playing <20% of the time on each surface, the OR (OR: 95% CI) for MT-5 for playing on artificial turf >80% of the time increased (3.44: 1.65 to 7.18), and for playing on a clay field 61%–80% of the time, the OR decreased (0.25: 0.11 to 0.59).ConclusionsA higher percentage of playing time on an artificial turf was a risk factor for developing MT-5 in football players. This finding could be beneficial for creating strategies to prevent MT-5.

scholarly journals Effect of Concussions on National Football League Quarterback Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Elizabeth C. Heintz ◽  
Emily F. Foret ◽  
Jeremy J. Foreman
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
National Football League ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
American Football ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Career Outcomes ◽  
Neurocognitive Performance ◽  
Player Performance

Background: Sports-related concussion (SRC) rates are higher in American football than any other sport; therefore, the effects of SRCs on professional football players is a prevalent topic. Previous research has shown that sustaining an SRC has negative financial and overall career outcomes for athletes and may cause performance decrements after an athlete returns to play, however, the results of previous research regarding athlete performance after returning from an SRC are mixed. While some studies found that player performance in the National Football League (NFL) was unaffected upon returning from an SRC, evidence also suggests significant scoring reductions in offensive players. Although previous research has found that NFL running backs and wide receivers perform at levels similar to their performance before sustaining an SRC, little is known about quarterback performance after an SRC. There is also evidence that SRCs decrease neurocognitive performance, a quality that is crucial, especially for quarterbacks. Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine changes in NFL quarterback performances upon return to play from an SRC. Method: Quarterback ratings (QBRs) and concussion data from 2012-2015 were used to determine if changes occurred in NFL quarterback performance following an SRC. Results: QBRs decreased by 13.3 points (p = 0.014) after quarterbacks return from an SRC. Conclusions: Changes in on-field performance for NFL quarterbacks after sustaining an SRC could be the result of neurocognitive decrements that impact quick reaction and decision-making skills, which may have greater impacts on quarterbacks than other positions.

Experience and Career Length in Professional Football: The Effect of Positional Segregation

1987 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 410-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clayton Best
Keyword(s):  
Football Players ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
The Past ◽  
Positional Segregation ◽  
Career Length ◽  
Recent Increase ◽  
Primary Sample ◽  
Blacks And Whites

This study examines positional segregation in light of recent data documenting the increased participation by black players in professional football and describes the relationships between positional segregation and experience and positional segregation and career length. The primary sample was composed of 1,508 professional football players from the 1982 season. A secondary sample of 1,371 professional football players was used to study career length. The results indicate that positional segregation is still prevalent in professional football. The recent increase in participation by black players has occurred in positions that have been primarily black in the past and at linebacker. Whites are likely to have more experience in professional football than blacks, which is explained in part by the positions in which blacks and whites are most likely to play.

Mood and Locus of Control of a Sample of College and Professional Football Players

1986 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 733-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Daiss ◽  
Arnold Leunes ◽  
Jack Nation
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
National Football League ◽  
Elite Athlete ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Profile Of Mood States ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Division 1

48 Division 1-A football players who concluded their careers after their college eligibility expired were compared with 12 team members who went on to play football in the National Football League. No significant differences between the two groups were found on the dimensions measured by the Profile of Mood States and on locus of control. Results are discussed in terms of Morgan's Iceberg Profile and the elite athlete.

Effect of Concussions on the Performance of Running Backs and Wide Receivers in the National Football League

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 2717-2722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toufic R. Jildeh ◽  
Kelechi R. Okoroha ◽  
Kevin A. Taylor ◽  
Patrick Buckley ◽  
Samir Mehta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Football League ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Player Performance

Background: Concussion injuries are common in professional football players; however, their effect on player performance remains unclear. Purpose: To quantify the effect of concussions on the performance of running backs and wide receivers in professional football players. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Concussion data from the National Football League were collected for a period of 4 seasons (2012-2015) for running backs and wide receivers. Age, experience, position, time to return to play, yearly total yards, and touchdowns were recorded. A power rating (total yards divided by 10 plus touchdowns multiplied by 6) was calculated for each player’s injury season as well as for the 3 seasons before and after their respective injury. A control group of running backs and wide receivers without an identified concussion injury who competed in the 2012 season was assembled for comparison. Player performance up to 3 seasons before and after the injury season was examined to assess acute and longitudinal changes in player performance. Results: A total of 38 eligible running backs and wide receivers sustained a concussion during the study period. Thirty-four (89%) players were able to return to competition in the same season, missing an average of 1.5 ± 0.9 games; the remaining 4 players returned in the subsequent season. Power ratings for concussed players were similar to those of controls throughout the study period. Concussed players did not suffer an individual performance decline upon returning within the same season. Furthermore, no significant difference in change of power rating was observed in concussed players in the acute (±1 year from injury; −1.2 ± 4.8 vs –1.1 ± 3.9, P = .199) or chronic (±3 years from injury; –3.6 ± 8.0 vs –3.0 ± 4.5, P = .219) setting compared with controls. All concussed players successfully returned to competition in either the index or next season. Conclusion: A high rate of National Football League running backs and wide receivers are able to return to play after a concussion injury. These players were found to perform at a similar level in both the acute and long-term period after concussion.

scholarly journals Osteoarthritis in Football

Cartilage ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gian M. Salzmann ◽  
Stefan Preiss ◽  
Marcy Zenobi-Wong ◽  
Laurent P. Harder ◽  
Dirk Maier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Population ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Strenuous Activity ◽  
Playing Time

Football is currently the most popular sporting activity in the world. Multiple reports have shown that a high incidence of osteoarthritis is found in football players. Evidence clearly shows that traumatic injury significantly predisposes players for such pathophysiology. Injuries are frequent in amateur as well as professional football players, with knee and ankle accounting for the most severe injuries. Many professional athletes lose playing time due to injuries and many are forced into early retirement. Posttraumatic osteoarthritis is a common finding among ex-football players with numbers well above the normal population. Today’s surgical techniques are advanced and capable of restoring the joint to a certain extent. However, a restitution ad integrum is reached only in very rare cases. Professional football players that return to play after serious injuries perform their extremely strenuous activity on morphologically compromised joints. Incomplete rehabilitation and pressure to return to play after an injurious event clearly put the athlete at an even higher risk for joint degeneration. Prevention strategies, improved surgical management, strict rehabilitation, as well as future aspects such as early suppression of inflammation, personalized medicine, and predictive genomics DNA profiling are needed to reduce incidence and improve the health perspectives of football players.

scholarly journals Quantitative Analysis of Performance Recovery in Semi-Professional Football Players after the COVID-19 Forced Rest Period

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 242
Author(s):  
Luigi Truppa ◽  
Lorenzo Nuti ◽  
Stefano Mazzoleni ◽  
Pietro Garofalo ◽  
Andrea Mannini
Keyword(s):  
Rest Period ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Relative Strength ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Test Outcomes

This study proposes the instrumental analysis of the physiological and biomechanical adaptation of football players to a fatigue protocol during the month immediately after the COVID-19 lockdown, to get insights into fitness recovery. Eight male semi-professional football players took part in the study and filled a questionnaire about their activity during the lockdown. At the resumption of activities, the mean heart rate and covered distances during fatiguing exercises, the normalized variations of mean and maximum exerted power in the Wingate test and the Bosco test outcomes (i.e., maximum height, mean exerted power, relative strength index, leg stiffness, contact time, and flight time) were measured for one month. Questionnaires confirmed a light-intensity self-administered physical activity. A significant effect of fatigue (Wilcoxon signed-rank test p < 0.05) on measured variables was confirmed for the four weeks. The analysis of the normalized variations of the aforementioned parameters allowed the distinguishing of two behaviors: downfall in the first two weeks, and recovery in the last two weeks. Instrumental results suggest a physiological and ballistic (i.e., Bosco test outcomes) recovery after four weeks. As concerns the explosive skills, the observational data are insufficient to show complete recovery.

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