The rural moneylender, 1888: The Dufferin Report for west UP

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-175
Author(s):  
Shireen Moosvi
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Rural Credit ◽  
Central Figure ◽  
The North ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
The Village ◽  
North Western

The published volume of the Dufferin enquiries (1888) reproduces the district reports in the case of only one province, namely the North-Western Provinces and Oudh (now Uttar Pradesh). From this volume, whose copies have become very rare, much information can be obtained about how rural credit was organised at the time. This article extracts information on this subject from three detailed reports based on actual information obtained from the debtors and some moneylenders. Interest rates as high as 37.5 per cent per annum prevailed, except in the forested areas where low rents seem to have brought down the interest rates. It also turns out that usury was a profession which zamindars and other relatively prosperous rural strata, including upper peasants and successful artisans, could also take to, though the central figure remained the village ‘banya’.

Training of Village Teachers in Vilna Educational District in the 1860s and 1870s

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 181-192
Author(s):  
Anna A. Komzolova
Keyword(s):  
Educational Reform ◽  
Rural Teachers ◽  
Cultural Brokers ◽  
The North ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
Russian Intelligentsia ◽  
Trained Teachers ◽  
The Village ◽  
North Western

One of the results of the educational reform of the 1860s was the formation of the regular personnel of village teachers. In Vilna educational district the goal was not to invite teachers from central Russia, but to train them on the spot by establishing special seminaries. Trained teachers were supposed to perform the role of «cultural brokers» – the intermediaries between local peasants and the outside world, between the culture of Russian intelligentsia and the culture of the Belarusian people. The article examines how officials and teachers of Vilna educational district saw the role of rural teachers as «cultural brokers» in the context of the linguistic and cultural diversity of the North-Western Provinces. According to them, the graduates of the pedagogical seminaries had to remain within the peasant estate and to keep in touch with their folk «roots». The special «mission» of the village teachers was in promoting the ideas of «Russian elements» and historical proximity to Russia among Belarusian peasants.

III.—Some new Rock-building Organisms from the Lower Carboniferous Beds of Westmorland

1914 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 265-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Garwood
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Address ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Carboniferous ◽  
North West ◽  
Western Province ◽  
The North ◽  
Calcareous Alga ◽  
The Village ◽  
Important Form ◽  
North Western

In my account of the Lower Carboniferous rocks of the North-West of England, published in 1912, I figured an organism, probably the thallus of a calcareous alga, which plays an important part as a rock-builder at the base of the Seminula gregaria sub-zone in Westmorland and Lancashire. More recently, at the meeting of the British Association in Birmingham, I pointed out the need of some distinctive name for this important form, and suggested for it the generic name of ‘Ortonella’, from the village of Orton, near Tebay, in the neighbourhood of which this fossil is specially abundant. Two other structures were mentioned at the same time which occur constantly in microscopic sections of the Lower Carboniferous rocks of the North-West of England and elsewhere. The first of these was alluded to under the general descriptive term ‘festoon structure’, and the other was referred to Gurich's somewhat obscure genus Spongiottroma. In view of the zonal value of these organisms in the North-Western Province and the probability that they will be found to be widely distributed in the Lower Carboniferous rocks elsewhere, I propose here to give a somewhat fuller description of these forms than could be attempted in the limits of a presidential address.

scholarly journals Arqueología de una aldea medieval y su espacio agrario: Villanueva de Santo Adriano (Asturias, noroeste de la península Ibérica)

2017 ◽  
pp. 69-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Fernández Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Temporal Evolution ◽  
Landscape Archaeology ◽  
Rural History ◽  
The North ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
The Village ◽  
North Western ◽  
Península Ibérica

This article examines the causes of the establishment and temporal evolution of a medieval village in the mountainous region of Asturias, in the north-western Iberian Peninsula. A variety of methods were used for this purpose, including landscape archaeology, rural history, the study of place names and written documents, combined with archaeolog ical excavation, paleo-environmental analysis and sedimentological studies. A priority research point included the village surroundings that had been used for agricultural production; the whole area was analysed as one single object of study. This approach provided the possibility of identifying the various moments of stability and change in the landscape along with a reconstruction of the histor y of this still inhabited village and its agr icultural milieu beginning in the Early Middle Ages (eighth to eleventh centuries). Further research along the lines developed here should provide data for comparison and connect this agricultural archaeology research with the broader European framework of discussion launched in past decades.

Fishing vocabulary in Ukrainian scientists researches

2019 ◽  
pp. 274-283
Author(s):  
Roman Minyailo
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
Turkic Languages ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Village ◽  
North Western

Fishery culture had a huge impact on the development of mankind and was reflected in all spheres of material and spiritual culture, as shown by the insightful works of fishing vocabulary of scientists of different generations. At the end of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries the popular names of fish are systematized in the southwestern dialect (I. Verhratsky); the Hutsul fishery nomenclature with description and drawings of realities is represented (V. Shukhevych); valuable material on fishing in Poltava region with detailed description of each instrument and technological features of fishing (V. Vasilenko) is collected; The Ukrainian vocabulary of fishing in Dobrudja (F. Vovk), the Lower Dnipro region (D. Yavornytsky) is reproduced. In the first half of the twentieth century On Fishery Terminology of the village Dufinka in Odesa Region (1928) by B. Yurkivsky was the exploration in the lexicological aspect.In the second half of the twentieth century the Ukrainian Black Sea fishing terms in their historical development were covered by O. Gorbach. During this period Dictionary of dialects of the Ukrainian dialects of the Odessa region by A. Moskalenko (1958), in which the regional and local fishery terms occupied a prominent place; a lexicographic work by A. Berlusius The vocabulary of the fishing of the Ukrainian dialects of the Lower Podnistrova (1959), which contains numerous set phrasal combinations in the speech of fishermen; a study Place of fishing vocabulary of the Middle Dnieper in the vocabulary of the Ukrainian language by G. Tarasenko (1961) were also published. The most extensive material is found in dissertation Fishery vocabulary in Ukrainian dialects of the Lower Dnieper (1993) by I. Lipkevich. The second half of the twentieth century saw such important scientific works as ones by V. Kolomiets from the ichthyological nomenclature, where historical-geographical data and linguistic considerations was used in a complex way; scientific works by E. Motuzenko, where lexical-semantic and historical-etymological aspects of the fishery terminology of the North-Western Black Sea region is analyzed; works by G. Khalimonenko, who thoroughly investigated borrowings from Turkic languages into the Ukrainian vocabulary of fishing. Besides the famous lexicographic heritage of Professor V. Chabanenko, his ethnographic works are very valuable, in which the scientist described in detail the structure and method of the use of some fishing gear in the lower reaches of the Dnieper, which allowed the researcher to immerse in the inner form of names.Analyzed scientific studies enable a further integrated approach to the study of both the history of the formation of fishing names and the history of the formation of their semantic structure.

I.—On some Buildings of the Romano-British Period discovered at Clanville, near Andover, and on a deposit of Pewter Vessels of the same period found at Appleshaw, Hants. With Appendixes

Archaeologia ◽  
1898 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Engleheart ◽  
Charles H. Read ◽  
William Gowland
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
North West ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
The North ◽  
Western Border ◽  
The One ◽  
Point Of Intersection ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Town ◽  
North Western

In the immediate neighbourhood of my house in the village of Appleshaw, on the north-western border of Hampshire, the sites are unusually close together of those dwellings of the Romano-British period which are, with a certain vagueness, termed Roman villas. Appleshaw is distant five miles north-west from Andover; one mile north of Andover two Roman roads intersect, the one running from Old Sarum north-easterly to Silchester, the other from Winchester north-westerly to Cirencester. At Finkley, close to the point of intersection, pottery and other Roman material has from time to time been unearthed, and the locality is one of those which have, by a somewhat unconvincing reference to the Antonine itinerary and to etymology, been identified with the unascertained site of Vindomis. Imagine these two roads at their crossing to stand like an upright capital X over the town of Andover, with that town in the lowest angle; my own nearer neighbourhood will lie in the western or left-hand angle. Three-quarters of a mile east of my house is the lately-examined site upon which I have to report particularly this evening. One mile north and a little west (all the distances mentioned are measured in radius from my house) is a villa on the Redenham estate, excavated some fifty years back by Sir John Pollen, the landowner. It appears that no plans were made and no record kept.

scholarly journals XXIX.—Note on Saxon and other Remains discovered at and near Mentmore, in the County of Buckingham. By Frederic Ouvry, Esq., F.S.A.; in a Letter to J. Y. Akerman, Esq., Secretary

Archaeologia ◽  
1854 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-382
Author(s):  
Frederic Ouvry
Keyword(s):  
Irregular Shape ◽  
The Road ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Domesday Book ◽  
The Hill ◽  
The Village ◽  
Edward The Confessor ◽  
The Church ◽  
North Western

The village of Mentmore stands about eight miles north-east from Aylesbury, four miles from Leighton Buzzard, and one mile and a half from the Cheddington Station, on the London and North-Western Railway. It is situated on a hill, which rises somewhat abruptly from the Vale of Aylesbury. The hill is of irregular shape, throwing out three spurs; on one of which, stretching to the westward, stands the church, and along another, towards the north-east, is the road to Leighton Buzzard. It is a small rural parish, scarcely known by name till the Baron M. A. de Rothschild established his stag-hounds there. I cannot trace the name beyond Domesday Book. The manor is there stated to have belonged to the fair Edith (Eddeva Pulchra), the wife of King Edward the Confessor, and as then belonging to Earl Hugh. The manor subsequently passed through the families of Bussell, Zouche of Harringworth, Bray, Ligoe, Hamilton (Viscount Limerick), and Harcourt, to the present possessor, the Baron M. A. de Rothschild.

Agonum fuliginosum (Panzer, 1809). A New Record from the Faroe Islands / Agonum fuliginosum (Panzer, 1809). Nýggj skráseting úr Føroyum

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
William Simonsen
Keyword(s):  
New Record ◽  
Faroe Islands ◽  
Wet Meadow ◽  
The North ◽  
The Village ◽  
North Western ◽  
New Discovery

<p><strong>Ú</strong><strong>r</strong><strong>t</strong><strong>ak: </strong>Svartaklukkan <em>Agonum fuliginosum</em> varð funnin í juli 2007 oman fyri Funningsbygd. Hetta er fyrstu ferð hendan klukkan er funnin í Føroyum. Klukkan varð funnin í vátum bøi, og er <em>Agonum fuliginosum</em> at finna í vátligum lendi í sínum útbreiðsluøki. Tað, at hendan klukkan nú er funnin í Føroyum, ger útbreiðsluøki hennara størri. Eisini vísir henda nýggja skrásetingin, hvønn týdning tað hevur at gera kanningar og skrásetingar av djóralívi í Føroyum. Við slíkum skrásetingum ber betur til at leggja til rættis, hvussu vit kunnu varðveita lívfrøðiliga margfeldið.</p><p><strong>A</strong><strong>bstract: </strong>A new record in the Faroe Islands, <em>Agonum fuliginosum</em> (Panzer, 1808)(Coleoptera, Carabidae), was discovered in July 2007 on the island of Eysturoy. It was found above the village Funningur which is situated on the north-western part of the island. <em>Agonum fuliginosum</em> was found on small wet meadow like riverbank’s; in its area of distribution <em>A. fuliginosum</em> is associated with rather wet areas. Because of this new discovery, the known distribution of <em>Agonum fuliginosum</em> is expanded. The discovery shows the necessity of comprehensive surveys, to be able to plan protection of biodiversity.</p>

scholarly journals XXXIX. The lignites and clays of Bovey Tracey, Devonshire

1862 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 1019-1038 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
The South ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
South West ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The Village ◽  
Western Portion ◽  
North Western

The little town or village of Bovey Tracey, in Devonshire, nestles at the foot of Dartmoor, very near its north-eastern extremity; it is situated on the left bank of the river Bovey, about two miles and a half above the point at which it falls into the Teign, and is about eleven miles from each of the towns Exeter, Torquay, and Totnes*,—bearing south-westerly from the first, north-westerly from the second, and northerly from the last. A considerable plain stretches away from it in a south-easterly direction, having a length of six miles from a point about a mile west of Bovey to another nearly as far east of Newton; its greatest breadth, from Chudleigh Bridge on the north-east to Blackpool on the south-west, is four miles. It forms a lake-like expansion of the valleys of the Teign and Bovey rivers, especially the latter, whose course it may be said to follow in the higher part, where it is most fully developed; whilst the Teign constitutes its axis below the junction of the two streams. Its upper, or north-western portion, immediately adjacent to the village, is known as “Bovey Heathfield,” and measures about 700 acres.

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