Development of a method for the combined control of the hardness of winding textile package

Analysis of methods for determining the hardness of the winding shows that all existing methods require a lot of labor and time. When measuring the layer-by-layer hardness, the known methods do not allow obtaining continuous values, and in the case of measuring the hardness of packages of complex shape (conical bobbins, cops, spinning cobs, etc.), it requires a calculation using cumbersome formulas. In this case, the main difficulties arise in determining the volume of the layers of the winding, which in the general case have a complex configuration, and due to defects in the winding may have an irregular shape. Obviously, the described technique is rather cumbersome, and a lot of measurements and calculations are required to obtain a graph of the change in the winding hardness along the package radius. The construction of a graph of the change in hardness along the generatrix using a special device is generally problematic, since placement of more than three sources on the device is impossible due to the size of the meters, and the construction of the curve by three points cannot be considered satisfactory. Winding hardness is one of the most important parameters, on which many technological properties of the package depend. Indeed, with an increase in the hardness of the winding, the amount of material in the same volume increases, which makes it possible to replace packages less often, both on the machine that forms them, and at the subsequent transition. As a result, the equipment useful time increases. It was found that the hardness of the winding is closely related to its rigidity, and hence to the stability during transportation. The hardness of the winding affects the permeability of the package when it is treated with solutions. In this case, a huge role is played not only by the average value of the hardness, but also by its distribution over the layers

Imaging markers of intracerebral hemorrhage expansion in patients with unclear symptom onset

Background: Hematoma expansion (HE) is common and associated with poor outcome in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) with unclear symptom onset (USO). Aims: We tested the association between non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) markers and HE in this population. Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients with primary spontaneous ICH admitted at five centers in the United States and Italy. Baseline NCCT was analyzed for presence of the following markers: intrahematoma hypodensities, heterogeneous density, blend sign, and irregular shape. Variables associated with HE (hematoma growth > 6 mL and/or > 33% from baseline to follow-up imaging) were explored with multivariable logistic regression. Results: Of 2074 patients screened, we included 646 subjects (median age = 75, 53.9% males), of whom 178 (27.6%) had HE. Hypodensities (odds ratio (OR) = 2.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.79–3.98), heterogeneous density (OR = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.46–3.21), blend sign (OR = 2.28, 95% CI = 1.38–3.75) and irregular shape (OR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.21–2.75) were independently associated with a higher risk of HE, after adjustment for confounders (ICH volume, anticoagulation, and time from last seen well (LSW) to NCCT). Hypodensities had the highest sensitivity for HE (0.69), whereas blend sign was the most specific marker (0.90). All NCCT markers were more frequent in early presenters (time from LSW to NCCT ⩽ 6 h, n = 189, 29.3%), and more sensitive in this population as well (hypodensities had 0.77 sensitivity). Conclusion: NCCT markers are associated with HE in ICH with USO. These findings require prospective replication and suggest that NCCT features may help the stratification of HE in future studies on USO patients.

The Macromicroscopic Anatomy and Microtopography of the Lower Jaw in Fetuses of 14–18 Weeks

In the article the features of anatomical structure and microtopography of the lower jaw of fetus at the age of 14–18 weeks were discussed. The relevance of the research is due to the prevalence of congenital pathology of the maxillofacial region, the possibilities of its early prenatal diagnosis and correction in connection with the development of fetal surgery.The aim of the research is to get new data of the macromicroscopic anatomy and microtopography of the lower jaw in fetuses of 14–18 weeks.Material and methods. The object of the research was the lower jaw of 40 male and female fetuses at the age of 14–18 weeks. The research was carried out using morphological methods and the method of ultrasound scanning. The qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the lower jaw were studied.Results. The lower jaw of the fetus at the age of 14–18 weeks is already formed and has basic anatomical structures. The body, angle, ramus, condylar and coronoid processes, teeth anlages, which can be described on morphological preparations and studied using the method of ultrasound scanning, are defined in the lower jaw. In front of the lower jaw, soft tissues are located, their thickness varies from 2.1 to 3.9 mm. Behind the lower jaw, there is a slit space with a width of 0.3 to 1.5 mm, behind it the tongue and the oral part of the pharynx are situated. The latter has an irregular shape. In a fetus of 14-18 weeks, major salivary glands (parotid, sublingual and submandibular) are already formed and determined on different cuts. The length of the alveolar arch is 29.1±6.2 mm, the width of the lower jaw is 19.5±4.2 mm. At this time, the lower jaw can be presented by two anlages and a symphysis located along the median line. The symphysis on horizontal cut has a fusiform shape, it narrows to the outer and inner surfaces of the lower jaw. In the narrow part, its size varies from 0.1 to 0.4 mm, the extension in the central part is from 0.5 to 0.9 mm. In the lower jaw, the anlages of decidual teeth of an irregular shape are determined. The size of anlages varies from 1.3 to 2.3 mm, depending on the type of tooth. On some cuts under the anlage of primary tooth, it is possible to determine the anlage of permanent one. The significant bilateral and sex differences of human fetuses at the age of 14–18 weeks of intrauterine development were not revealed.Conclusion. The lower jaw of fetuses at the age of 14–18 weeks has all elements of the anatomical structure, with certain fetal features (incomplete accretion of the mandibular processes, anlages of decidual and permanent teeth, microtopographic relationships with adjacent anatomical structures). At this stage of development, there are no significant bilateral and sex differences. The use of various methodological approaches to the research of the qualitative and quantitative anatomy of the lower jaw makes it possible to detail and supplement the substantiation of approaches for fetal surgery.

MEGANE investigations of Phobos and the Small Body Mapping Tool

The MEGANE instrument onboard the MMX mission will acquire gamma-ray and neutron spectroscopy data of Phobos to determine the elemental composition of the martian moon and provide key constraints on its origin. To produce accurate compositional results, the irregular shape of Phobos and its proximity to Mars must be taken into account during the analysis of MEGANE data. The MEGANE team is adapting the Small Body Mapping Tool (SBMT) to handle gamma-ray and neutron spectroscopy investigations, building on the demonstrated record of success of the SBMT being applied to scientific investigations on other spacecraft missions of irregularly shaped bodies. This is the first application of the SBMT to a gamma-ray and neutron spectroscopy dataset, and the native, three-dimensional foundation of the SBMT is well suited to MEGANE’s needs. In addition, the SBMT will enable comparisons between the MEGANE datasets and other datasets of the martian moons, including data from previous spacecraft missions and MMX’s multi-instrument suite.

Noncontrast Computed Tomography Markers of Cerebral Hemorrhage Expansion: Diagnostic Accuracy Meta-Analysis

Background and purpose Assess the diagnostic accuracy of noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT) markers of hematoma expansion in patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage. Methods We performed a meta-analysis of observational studies and randomized controlled trials with available data for calculation of sensitivity and specificity of NCCT markers for hematoma expansion (absolute growth >6 or 12.5 mL and/or relative growth >33%). The following NCCT markers were analyzed: irregular shape, island sign (shape-related features); hypodensity, heterogeneous density, blend sign, black hole sign, and swirl sign (density-related features). Pooled accuracy values for each marker were derived from hierarchical logistic regression models. Results A total of 10,363 subjects from 23 eligible studies were included. Significant risk of bias of included studies was noted. Hematoma expansion frequency ranged from 7% to 40%, mean intracerebral hemorrhage volume from 9 to 27.8 ml, presence of NCCT markers from 9% (island sign) to 82% (irregular shape). Among shape features, sensitivity ranged from 0.32 (95%CI = 0.20–0.47) for island sign to 0.68 (95%CI = 0.57–0.77) for irregular shape, specificity ranged from 0.47 (95%CI = 0.36–0.59) for irregular shape to 0.92 (95%CI = 0.85–0.96) for island sign; among density features sensitivity ranged from 0.28 (95%CI = 0.21–0.35) for black hole sign to 0.63 (95%CI = 0.44–0.78) for hypodensity, specificity ranged from 0.65 (95%CI = 0.56–0.73) for heterogeneous density to 0.89 (95%CI = 0.85–0.92) for blend sign. Conclusion Diagnostic accuracy of NCCT markers remains suboptimal for implementation in clinical trials although density features performed better than shape-related features. This analysis may help in better tailoring patients’ selection for hematoma expansion targeted trials.

Mechanical and Chemical Studies of Al2O3-Ti Composites for Their Use as a Bone Substitute

Alumina-based composites reinforced with titanium were manufactured by powder techniques. Characterizations indicate that titanium content affects densification which in turn causes positive effects on hardness and toughness. Microstructure presents grains of irregular shape and small sizes. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy indicates that additions of titanium on Al2O3 enhance its corrosion resistance.

Analysis of Cohesion in Fast-spinning Small Bodies

In this paper, the structural stability of a fast-spinning small body is investigated. In particular, a nonlinear yield condition in tensile stress is applied to estimate the required cohesion in a fast-spinning small body. The least upper bound of required cohesion is investigated for both ellipsoid and irregular shape models. The stress state of a fast-spinning ellipsoid is discussed analytically, and the effects of spin rates and size ratios are analyzed. For an irregularly shaped body, an element average stress method is developed to estimate the range of stress of any element in the body, where only self-gravity and centrifugal force are considered. The maximum tensile stress in the whole body is used to solve the required cohesion. Finally, the proposed methods are applied to different asteroid shape models. The result shows that the least upper bound of cohesion is mainly determined by the spin rate and length of the major axis, but an irregular shape will change the stress distribution and cause a stressed surface. The required cohesion of a fast-spinning small body varies between tens to 1000 Pa. The methods developed in this paper can rapidly provide a conservative lower bound on the cohesion in a fast-spinning body and qualitatively show the distribution of stress, which provides an effective way to study the structural stability of fast-spinning bodies of those bodies.