scholarly journals Active Deception Detection

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy R. Levine
Keyword(s):  
Deception Detection ◽  
Lie Detection ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Question Asking ◽  
Communication Content ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Detecting Deception ◽  
Fact Checking ◽  
Strategic Use Of Evidence ◽  
Better Than

Actively detecting deception requires (a) gathering information for fact-checking the communication content, (b) strategically prompting deception cues, and (c) encouraging honest admissions and discouraging continued deceit. Most deception-detection research, active or otherwise, finds that people are only slightly better than chance at correctly distinguishing truth from lies. Poor accuracy stems from a lack of reliable deception cues that hold across people and situations. Consequently, basing lie detection on deception cues is prone to error. However, some approaches to active deception detection yield higher accuracy than passive observation. Not all active approaches are advantageous. Mere interaction and mere question-asking produce outcomes similar to passive observation. Evidence-based and confession-solicitation approaches can be highly effective: for example, strategic use of evidence (SUE) and the content in context approach.

scholarly journals Acoustic-Prosodic and Lexical Cues to Deception and Trust: Deciphering How People Detect Lies

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 199-214
Author(s):  
Xi (Leslie) Chen ◽  
Sarah Ita Levitan ◽  
Michelle Levine ◽  
Marko Mandic ◽  
Julia Hirschberg
Keyword(s):  
Deception Detection ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Lie Detection ◽  
Challenging Problem ◽  
Cues To Deception ◽  
Lexical Cues ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Large Corpus ◽  
Better Than

Humans rarely perform better than chance at lie detection. To better understand human perception of deception, we created a game framework, LieCatcher, to collect ratings of perceived deception using a large corpus of deceptive and truthful interviews. We analyzed the acoustic-prosodic and linguistic characteristics of language trusted and mistrusted by raters and compared these to characteristics of actual truthful and deceptive language to understand how perception aligns with reality. With this data we built classifiers to automatically distinguish trusted from mistrusted speech, achieving an F1 of 66.1%. We next evaluated whether the strategies raters said they used to discriminate between truthful and deceptive responses were in fact useful. Our results show that, although several prosodic and lexical features were consistently perceived as trustworthy, they were not reliable cues. Also, the strategies that judges reported using in deception detection were not helpful for the task. Our work sheds light on the nature of trusted language and provides insight into the challenging problem of human deception detection.

The Detection of Crime

2019 ◽  
pp. 91-112
Author(s):  
Brian H. Bornstein ◽  
Jeffrey S. Neuschatz
Keyword(s):  
Deception Detection ◽  
Lie Detection ◽  
The Body ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Psychology And Law ◽  
Physiologically Based ◽  
Better Than

The deception detection method Münsterberg advocates is grounded on principles of association. Although this approach derives partially from a Freudian view of the unconscious, it is not terribly dissimilar to more modern, physiologically based lie detection methods. In recent years, deception detection has become a major focus within psychology and law. Research shows that humans’ ability to detect deception is limited but, summarizing across the body of studies, slightly better than chance. However, most police investigators believe they can detect when suspects are lying. This chapter covers the reliability of modern deception detection techniques with the exception of the polygraph, which is covered in the next chapter.

Mind Reading Using Neuroimaging

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Gamer
Keyword(s):  
Deception Detection ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Lie Detection ◽  
The Body ◽  
Detecting Deception ◽  
Current Article ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Multivariate Pattern ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Neuroimaging Techniques

Traditional lie detection tools, such as the polygraph, voice stress analysis, or special interrogation techniques, rely on behavioral or psychophysiological manifestations of deception. With the advent of neuroimaging techniques, the question emerged whether it would be possible to directly identify deceit in the part of the body where it is generated: the brain. After a few promising studies, these techniques became soon commercially available and there have been attempts to use such results in the court in recent years. The current article reviews the development of neuroimaging techniques in the field of deception detection and critically discusses the potential but also the shortcomings of such methods. Unfortunately, the majority of research in this field was rather unsystematic and neglected the accumulated knowledge regarding methodological pitfalls that were extensively discussed in the scientific community in conjunction with the polygraph. Therefore, neuroimaging studies on deception largely differ with respect to the experimental paradigm (the interrogation technique), the methods for analyzing the data, and the procedures to obtain individual diagnoses. Moreover, most studies used artificial laboratory settings that differ considerably from real-life applications. As a consequence, neuroimaging techniques are not applicable for detecting deception in individual field cases at the moment. However, recent advantages such as multivariate pattern analysis might yield novel neuroimaging applications in the near future that are capable of improving established techniques for detecting deception or concealed knowledge.

Hypotheses about the Tools Origin of Textile Materials

2015 ◽  
Vol 1090 ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
Yuan Tao ◽  
Wei Dong Yu
Keyword(s):  
Soft Materials ◽  
Stone Tools ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
High Polymer ◽  
Origin Time ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Physical Evidence ◽  
Better Than

As high polymer materials, textile materials are easily to be carbonized and then disappear, so it is almost impossible to study the origin of it from physical evidence. Based on the objective historical facts, through analysis and inference, the paper believed that textile materials, as soft materials, are better than stone tools in the aspects of obtaining, making, functions and uses. Two hypotheses about the origin of textile materials are proposed. The first is that textile materials originate from tools, and the origin time of it is not later than stone tools. The second is that signs and clothing application of textile materials both evolve from its usage as tools, so the origin sequence of textile materials is tools, signs, and clothing.

The 15 Minute Case Conceptualization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Len Sperry ◽  
Jonathan Sperry
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Premature Termination ◽  
Clinical Skills ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Case Conceptualization ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Case Conceptualizations ◽  
Overall Effectiveness

Once understood as useful but optional, case conceptualization is now considered essential and one of the most important of all clinical skills and competencies. As clinicians look for resources to assist in learning and mastering this competency, they must choose among different case conceptualization approaches. They would do well to give serious consideration to those that are both clinically effective and clinician friendly. A truly clinically effective approach explains and guides treatment, and most importantly, predicts challenges and obstacles that are likely to arise over the course of treatment. Most approaches emphasize the functions of explanation and guiding treatment, but seldom include third function which help anticipates likely challenges, which if not proactively addressed are likely to result in therapy interference or premature termination. This function is essential in determining the course and overall effectiveness of therapy. A truly clinician-friendly approach is one that is quick to use and easy to master, and very few approaches can make this claim. The 15 Minute Case Conceptualization is the only approach that is both highly effective and clinician friendly. Research confirms that such case conceptualizations can be completed in only 15 minutes. It is an evidence-based, step-by-step approach that therapists and other mental health professionals need and want.

scholarly journals Evidence-based Fact-Checking of Health-related Claims

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mourad Sarrouti ◽  
Asma Ben Abacha ◽  
Yassine Mrabet ◽  
Dina Demner-Fushman
Keyword(s):  
Evidence Based ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Fact Checking

scholarly journals Designing good deception: Recursive theory of mind in lying and lie detection

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren A. Oey ◽  
Adena Schachner ◽  
Edward Vul
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Stochastic Game ◽  
Lie Detection ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Human Ability ◽  
Formal Framework ◽  
Recursive Theory ◽  
Better Than

The human ability to deceive others and detect deception has long been tied to theory of mind. We make a stronger argument: in order to be adept liars – to balance gain (i.e. maximizing their own reward) and plausibility (i.e. maintaining a realistic lie) – humans calibrate their lies under the assumption that their partner is a rational, utility-maximizing agent. We develop an adversarial recursive Bayesian model that aims to formalize the behaviors of liars and lie detectors. We compare this model to (1) a model that does not perform theory of mind computations and (2) a model that has perfect knowledge of the opponent’s behavior. To test these models, we introduce a novel dyadic, stochastic game, allowing for quantitative measures of lies and lie detection. In a second experiment, we vary the ground truth probability. We find that our rational models qualitatively predict human lying and lie detecting behavior better than the non-rational model. Our findings suggest that humans control for the extremeness of their lies in a manner reflective of rational social inference. These findings provide a new paradigm and formal framework for nuanced quantitative analysis of the role of rationality and theory of mind in lying and lie detecting behavior.

scholarly journals MultiFC: A Real-World Multi-Domain Dataset for Evidence-Based Fact Checking of Claims

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Augenstein ◽  
Christina Lioma ◽  
Dongsheng Wang ◽  
Lucas Chaves Lima ◽  
Casper Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Fact Checking

Abstract 16587: More Than Five Years After FDA Approval, There Remains Very Limited Adoption of New Evidence-Based, Highly Effective Medications for the Treatment of Patients With Heart Failure, Especially Among Those on Medicare

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph B Muhlestein ◽  
Heidi T May ◽  
Tami L Bair ◽  
Stacey Knight ◽  
Kirk U Knowlton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Sglt2 Inhibitor ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Reduced Ejection Fraction ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Baseline Characteristics

Background: Over the past decade, the FDA has approved several new medications that are highly effective when added to existing standard therapy in the treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). It is possible that, despite the presence of substantial evidence regarding the clinical effectiveness of these new medications, their high cost and the complex medical reimbursement system in America may prevent their routine adoption. Methods: We analyzed 5,824 Intermountain Healthcare patients, age ≥18 years with a new clinical diagnosis of HFrEF (LVEF ≤35%), from 1/1/2015 onward, for the use of newly-approved sacubitril/valsartan or any sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2-I). We collected baseline characteristics and medication utilization data. We followed the patients for 1.7±1.4 years for future major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including death, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and heart failure hospitalization (HFH). We identified differences between groups by multivariable Cox regression analysis. Results: Baseline characteristics and incidence of MACE, according to insurance status and the use of common HFrEF medications, are shown in the Table. Overall, only 344 (5.9%) and 169 (2.9%) of patients ever received a prescription for sacubitril/valsartan or an SGLT2 inhibitor, respectively. The figures show survival curves for MACE of patients receiving or not receiving the newly-approved medications. Conclusion: In this large, modern, real-world HFrEF population, the adoption of newly-approved evidence-based HFrEF medications is minimal in all patients and especially in Medicare patients. This lack of adoption is associated with a significant worsening in patient outcomes. These findings demonstrate a critical need to resolve our present healthcare financial crisis, which is almost certainly the reason for these findings.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document