scholarly journals Mathematics and Reading Develop Together in Young Children: Practical and Policy Considerations

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Purpura ◽  
Ellen C. Litkowski ◽  
Valerie Knopik
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Reading Skills ◽  
Instructional Tools ◽  
Early Mathematics ◽  
Empirical Basis ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Shared Genetic

Early mathematics and reading skills underlie later school and career success. Yet, many children struggle to acquire these skills at the same rate as their peers. Often, these challenges are interrelated because both domains share basic underlying factors. Although research considers the development and instruction of these two domains together, practice and policy efforts lag behind, often treating these as completely independent domains. Here, we review the empirical basis for linking mathematics and reading: domain-specific and domain-general connections, neurobiological underpinnings, and shared genetic and environmental factors. Furthermore, we recommend enhanced national policies and practices that place mathematics alongside reading campaigns and integrate the two. Future work should also support empirically based instructional tools for both domains and develop links across instructional efforts.

scholarly journals Domain-Specific and Domain-General Genetic and Environmental Effects on the Intensity of Visual Aesthetic Appraisal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Bignardi ◽  
Luca F Ticini ◽  
Dirk Smit ◽  
Tinca JC Polderman
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Genetic Factor ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Abstract Objects ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Aesthetic Experiences ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Twin Resemblance ◽  
Shared Genetic

Visual aesthetic experiences are universally shared and uniquely diversified components of every human culture. The contribution of genetic and environmental factors to variation in aesthetic appraisal has rarely been examined. Here, we analysed variation in the intensity of aesthetic appraisal in 558 monozygotic and 216 dizygotic same sex adult twin pairs when they were presented with three kinds of visual stimuli: abstract objects, sceneries, and faces. We estimated twin resemblance and heritability for the three stimuli types, as well as a shared genetic factor between the three stimuli types. Genetic factors played a moderate role in the variation of intensity of aesthetic appraisal (heritability 26 to 41%). Both shared and unique underlying genetic factors significantly accounted for domain-general and domain-specific differences. Our findings are the first to show the extent to which variation in the intensity of aesthetic experiences result from the contribution of genetic and environmental factors.

The Effect of Shared Genetic and Environmental Factors on Periodontal Disease Parameters in Untreated Adult Siblings in Guatemala

2002 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 1160-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherie A. Dowsett ◽  
Luis Archila ◽  
Tatiana Foroud ◽  
Daniel Koller ◽  
George J. Eckert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Adult Siblings ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Disease Parameters ◽  
Shared Genetic

Role of shared genetic and environmental factors in symptoms of depression and body composition

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wing Chi Choy ◽  
Sandra López-León ◽  
Yurii S. Aulchenko ◽  
Johan P. Mackenbach ◽  
Ben A. Oostra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Shared Genetic

scholarly journals Evaluation of the validity and utility of a transdiagnostic psychosis dimension encompassing schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 209 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Reininghaus ◽  
Jan R. Böhnke ◽  
Georgina Hosang ◽  
Anne Farmer ◽  
Tom Burns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Symptom Ratings ◽  
Categorical Classification ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Operational Criteria ◽  
Shared Genetic

BackgroundIn recent years, the Kraepelinian dichotomy has been challenged in light of evidence on shared genetic and environmental factors for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, but empirical efforts to identify a transdiagnostic phenotype of psychosis remain remarkably limited.AimsTo investigate whether schizophrenia spectrum and bipolar disorder lie on a transdiagnostic spectrum with overlapping non-affective and affective psychotic symptoms.MethodMultidimensional item-response modelling was conducted on symptom ratings of the OPerational CRITeria (OPCRIT) system in 1168 patients with schizophrenia spectrum and bipolar disorder.ResultsA bifactor model with one general, transdiagnostic psychosis dimension underlying affective and non-affective psychotic symptoms and five specific dimensions of positive, negative, disorganised, manic and depressive symptoms provided the best model fit and diagnostic utility for categorical classification.ConclusionsOur findings provide support for including dimensional approaches into classification systems and a directly measurable clinical phenotype for cross-disorder investigations into shared genetic and environmental factors of psychosis.

scholarly journals Increased Anti-Phospholipid Antibodies in Autism Spectrum Disorders

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milo Careaga ◽  
Robin L. Hansen ◽  
Irva Hertz-Piccotto ◽  
Judy Van de Water ◽  
Paul Ashwood
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterized by impairments in communication, social interactions, and repetitive behaviors. While the etiology of ASD is complex and likely involves the interplay of genetic and environmental factors, growing evidence suggests that immune dysfunction and the presence of autoimmune responses including autoantibodies may play a role in ASD. Anti-phospholipid antibodies are believed to occur from both genetic and environmental factors and have been linked to a number of neuropsychiatric symptoms such as cognitive impairments, anxiety, and repetitive behaviors. In the current study, we investigated whether there were elevated levels of anti-phospholipid antibodies in a cross-sectional analysis of plasma of young children with ASD compared to age-matched typically developing (TD) controls and children with developmental delays (DD) other than ASD. We found that levels of anti-cardiolipin,β2-glycoprotein 1, and anti-phosphoserine antibodies were elevated in children with ASD compared with age-matched TD and DD controls. Further, the increase in antibody levels was associated with more impaired behaviors reported by parents. This study provides the first evidence for elevated production of anti-phospholipid antibodies in young children with ASD and provides a unique avenue for future research into determining possible pathogenic mechanisms that may underlie some cases of ASD.

Insulin resistance: an atherothrombotic syndrome

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (01) ◽  
pp. 161-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Freeman ◽  
Michael Mansfield ◽  
Jenny Barrett ◽  
Peter Grant
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Significant Genetic Correlation ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Pai 1 ◽  
Shared Genetic

SummaryThe insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) is a clustering of atherothrombotic traits associated with increased vascular risk. We investigated the degree to which the phenotypic correlations between these traits are due to shared genetic and environmental factors.A multivariate genetic analysis was performed in 537 adults from 89 healthy white north European families. All traits showed significant heritability. BMI had significant genetic correlations with fasting insulin, systolic blood pressure (sBP), plasminogen activator activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and fibrinogen and triglyceride. Fasting insulin had a significant genetic correlation with fibrinogen and triglyceride and Factor VII (FVII). Significant genetic correlations were shown between triglyceride and PAI-1, fibrinogen and FVII. PAI-1 and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) showed significant genetic correlation with sBP and with each other. Pleiotropy was demonstrated between fibrino-gen and PAI-1, t-PA and FVII. Significant environmental correlations were also demonstrated.This study demonstrates pleiotropy between coagulation and fibrinolytic factors. Shared genetic and environmental factors influencing haemostatic, metabolic and anthropometric traits underlie the atherothrombotic nature of the IRS.

scholarly journals A Review of Febrile Seizures: Recent Advances in Understanding of Febrile Seizure Pathophysiology and Commonly Implicated Viral Triggers

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rana Sawires ◽  
Jim Buttery ◽  
Michael Fahey
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Febrile Seizure ◽  
Febrile Seizures ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Childhood Condition

Febrile seizures are one of the commonest presentations in young children, with a 2–5% incidence in Western countries. Though they are generally benign, with rare long-term sequelae, there is much to be learned about their pathophysiology and risk factors. Febrile seizures are propagated by a variety of genetic and environmental factors, including viruses and vaccines. These factors must be taken into consideration by a clinician aiming to assess, diagnose and treat a child presenting with fevers and seizures, as well as to explain the sequelae of the febrile seizures to the concerned parents of the child. Our article provides an overview of this common childhood condition, outlining both the underlying mechanisms and the appropriate clinical approach to a child presenting with febrile seizures.

Reductionist thinking and animal models in neuropsychiatric research

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Baran
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Developmental Genetic ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Mechanisms Of Plasticity

AbstractReductionist thinking in neuroscience is manifest in the widespread use of animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders. Broader investigations of diverse behaviors in non-model organisms and longer-term study of the mechanisms of plasticity will yield fundamental insights into the neurobiological, developmental, genetic, and environmental factors contributing to the “massively multifactorial system networks” which go awry in mental disorders.

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