scholarly journals A Review of Febrile Seizures: Recent Advances in Understanding of Febrile Seizure Pathophysiology and Commonly Implicated Viral Triggers

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rana Sawires ◽  
Jim Buttery ◽  
Michael Fahey
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Febrile Seizure ◽  
Febrile Seizures ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Childhood Condition

Febrile seizures are one of the commonest presentations in young children, with a 2–5% incidence in Western countries. Though they are generally benign, with rare long-term sequelae, there is much to be learned about their pathophysiology and risk factors. Febrile seizures are propagated by a variety of genetic and environmental factors, including viruses and vaccines. These factors must be taken into consideration by a clinician aiming to assess, diagnose and treat a child presenting with fevers and seizures, as well as to explain the sequelae of the febrile seizures to the concerned parents of the child. Our article provides an overview of this common childhood condition, outlining both the underlying mechanisms and the appropriate clinical approach to a child presenting with febrile seizures.

scholarly journals A DESCRIPTION OF RISK FACTORS OF RECCURENT FEBRILE SEIZURE ON PEDIATRIC PATIENTS IN ABDUL WAHAB SJAHRANIE HOSPITAL IN SAMARINDA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-9
Author(s):  
Jessica Manaek Manika ◽  
Eva Rachmi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Febrile Seizure ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Febrile Seizures ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Age Range

Febrile seizures are the most common seizures in children. One-third of the children could develop a recurrent febrile seizure, with 75% of the recurrence occurring in the first year after the initial febrile seizure. The purpose of this study was to describe the risk factors of recurrence of febrile seizures on pediatric patients at Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Hospital in Samarinda. The research design was a descriptive study with cross sectional method. The sample of this study were children with febrile seizures whose age range were from 6 months to 5 years at Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Hospital in Samarinda from January 2017 to December 2018 who did not receive long-term prophylactic treatment for febrile seizures after the initial febrile seizure and did not experience intracranial infections, metabolic and electrolytes disorders, developmental delayed and cerebral palsy. The data were secondary data obtained from subject’s medical records. The study found recurrent febrile seizures occurred on 27 samples. In this study, recurrence of febrile seizures was more common on male patients (74%), the patients’ age majority were £ 12 months when experiencing initial febrile seizures (56%), as for the initial febrile seizures, they mostly experienced simple febrile seizures (59%) and fever with £ 24 hour interval in initial febrile seizures (63%). The collected data were tabulated by frequency and percentage and displayed in tables.

scholarly journals Heritability of the risk factors characteristic for the metabolic syndrome: a twin study

2011 ◽  
Vol 152 (32) ◽  
pp. 1265-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
György Jermendy ◽  
Levente Littvay ◽  
Rita Steinbach ◽  
Ádám Jermendy ◽  
Ádám Tárnoki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Both genetic and environmental factors play role in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome. The magnitude of genetic and environmental influences on the components of metabolic syndrome may vary in different populations. Aims: The present study was aimed to determine the effects of genetic and environmental factors on risk factors characteristic for the metabolic syndrome. Methods: A total of 101 (63 monozygotic and 38 dizygotic) adult twin pairs (n = 202; mean age: 43.3±15.8 years) were investigated. Medical history was recorded and physical examination was carried out for each subject. Fasting venous blood samples were used for measuring laboratory parameters. The presented estimates include the heritability structural equation (A-C-E) model results. In Model-1, all presented parameters are age- and gender- corrected. In Model-2, parameters were corrected for age, gender, body mass index and waist circumference. Results: Heritability in waist circumference (as well as in other anthropometric parameters such as weight and height) was high (Model-1: 71.0–88.1%). Similarly, genetic factors had the highest proportion of total phenotypic variance in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (Model-2: 57.1% and 57.7%, respectively). Based on the results of Model-2, unique environmental factors dominate alterations in serum triglycerides values (55.9%) while shared environmental factors proved to be substantial in alterations of HDL-cholesterol and fasting blood glucose values (58.1% and 57.1%, respectively). Comparing the results of Model-1 and Model-2, the difference in A-C-E model varied from 0.0% to 17.1%, indicating that only a minor proportion of genetic and environmental influences can be explained by the effects of anthropometric parameters. Conclusions: Among adult Hungarian healthy people, genetic factors have substantial influence on waist circumference and blood pressure values while environmental factors dominate alterations in serum triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol and fasting blood glucose values. The different heritability of individual risk factors challenges the original unifying concept of the metabolic syndrome. The results may be useful for establishing and implementing primary cardiovascular prevention both at individual and population levels. Orv. Hetil., 2011, 152, 1265–1271.

Dyslexia: A Very Short Introduction

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret J. Snowling
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
Learning To Read ◽  
Innovative Research ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Dyslexia: A Very Short Introduction provides an accessible overview of the innovative research surrounding dyslexia, beginning with its history, and drawing on the experiences of children and adults with dyslexia today. Considering the skills involved in learning to read, and looking at the role of genetic and environmental factors including the language of learning, this VSI discusses the causes of dyslexia and its associated risk factors. Discussing the various brain-scanning techniques that have been used to find out if the brains of people with dyslexia differ in structure or function from those of typical readers, it moves on to weigh up various strategies and interventions that can help people living with dyslexia today.

The Epidemiology of Childhood Cancers

2009 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Richard JQ McNally ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Childhood Cancers ◽  
Hair Dyes ◽  
Chemical Exposures ◽  
Environmental Agents ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Parental Alcohol

In this article, the recent epidemiological literature on childhood cancer is reviewed. This includes findings from descriptive, case-control and cohort studies. The aetiology of most childhood cancers is unclear. Both genetic and environmental factors are likely to contribute. Increasing incidence, findings of clustering and seasonality in the incidence of certain cancers support a role for environmental agents in aetiology. The evidence concerning putative risk factors is considered and suggests that the aetiology is likely to be multifactorial and involve a number of different agents. These include infections, ionising radiation, certain chemical exposures, parental smoking, parental alcohol consumption and hair dyes. Conversely, breastfeeding and certain dietary supplements may convey protection. Recent findings regarding electromagnetic fields suggest that this factor is not likely to have a major role in aetiology.

scholarly journals Usefulness of Nonvalved Spacers for Administration of Inhaled Steroids in Young Children with Recurrent Wheezing and Risk Factors for Asthma

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Carlos Kofman ◽  
Alejandro Teper
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Fluticasone Propionate ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Recurrent Wheezing ◽  
Inhaled Steroids ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Metered Dose

Background. In vitro and scintigraphic studies have suggested that effectiveness of metered-dose inhalers (MDI) with nonvalved spacers (NVS) is similar to that of MDI with valved holding chambers (VHC). Nevertheless, there are no clinical studies that compare these techniques in long-term treatment with inhaled steroids in young children with recurrent wheezing and risk factors for asthma. Objective. To compare the efficacy of a long-term treatment with Fluticasone Propionate administered by an MDI through both type of spacers, with and without valves, in young children with recurrent wheezing and risk factors for asthma. Patients and Methods. Outpatient children (6 to 20 months old) with recurrent wheezing and risk factors for asthma were randomized to receive a 6-month treatment with metered-dose inhaler (MDI) of Fluticasone Propionate 125 mcg BID through an NVS or through a VHC. Parents recorded daily their child’s respiratory symptoms and rescue medication use. Results. 46 patients of 13.4 ± 5 months old were studied. During the study period, the NVS group (n=25) experienced 3.9 ± 2.4 obstructive exacerbations, and the VHC group (n=21) had 2.6 ± 1.6 (p=0.031). The NVS group had 17.4 ± 14% of days with respiratory symptoms, and the VHC group had 9.7 ± 7% (p=0.019). The NVS group spent 29.8 ± 22 days on albuterol while the VHC group spent 17.9 ± 11 days (p=0.022). Conclusion. Long-term treatment with inhaled steroids administered by MDI and NVS is less effective than such treatment by MDI and VHC in infants with recurrent wheezing and risk factors for asthma.

scholarly journals Stress Hyperglycemia as Predictive Factor of Recurrence in Children with Febrile Seizures

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raluca Maria Costea ◽  
Ionela Maniu ◽  
Luminita Dobrota ◽  
Bogdan Neamtu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Febrile Seizure ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Febrile Seizures ◽  
Seizure Type ◽  
Stress Hyperglycemia ◽  
Recurrent Seizure ◽  
Genetic Traits

Stress hyperglycemia and hyperlactatemia are commonly referred to as markers of stress severity and poor outcome in children with severe acute illness or febrile seizures. Our prospective study aimed to explore the risk factors for stress hyperglycemia and the predictive value of stress hyperglycemia for febrile seizure recurrence. We evaluated as risk factors for blood glucose level, serum lactate, acid–base status, and the clinical parameters relevant to the severity of the infectious context or to febrile seizure event: fever degree, fever duration, seizure type and aspect, seizure duration, and recurrence. Among 166 febrile seizures events in 128 children, the prevalence of stress hyperglycemia (blood glucose >140 mg/dl) was 16.9%. The comparison of the stress versus non-stress hyperglycemia groups revealed lower pH (median (interquartile range): 7.46 (7.37, 7.53) vs. 7.48 (7.42, 7.53), p = 0.049), higher lactate levels (30.50 mg/dl (15, 36) vs. 19.50 mg/dl (15, 27), p = 0.000), slightly lower HCO3 (20.15 (20.20, 21.45) vs. 21.35 (20, 22.40), p = 0.020) in the stress hyperglycemia group. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that prolonged febrile seizures (>15 min), recurrent febrile seizure (>1 seizure), focal seizure type, body temperature ≥39.5 °C and higher lactate values were significantly associated with stress hyperglycemia. These findings suggest a particular acute stress reaction in febrile seizures, with stress hyperglycemia playing an important role, particularly in patients with a recurrent seizure pattern. A more complex future approach linking pathogenic mechanisms and genetic traits would be advised and could provide further clues regarding recurrence pattern and individualized treatment.

Febrile Seizures: Long-Term Management of Children with Fever-Associated Seizures

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1009-1012
Keyword(s):  
American Academy ◽  
Febrile Seizure ◽  
Febrile Seizures ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Consensus Development ◽  
Medical Associations ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
American Academy Of Neurology

A Consensus Development Conference on Febrile Seizures was held at the National Institutes of Health on May 19-21, 1980. The purpose of the Conference was to bring together practicing physicians, research scientists, consumers, and others in an effort to reach general agreement on the risks of sequelae in children with febrile seizures and to compare them with the potential risks and benefits of prophylaxis with anticonvulsants. On the first two days of the meeting, a consensus development panel and members of the audience reacted to evidence presented on the following questions: (1) What is a febrile seizure? (2) What are the risks facing the child who has a febrile seizure? (3) What can chronic or intermittent prophylaxis accomplish in reducing those risks? (4) What are the potential risks of prophylaxis, using the available forms of therapy? (5) What is a rational approach to management of children with febrile seizures? Which children should be considered for prophylaxis? (6) Are further clinical, experimental, or epidemiologic studies necessary? The members of the Consensus Development Panel represent the disciplines involved with treating and evaluation of management of children with febrile seizures. The physicians were nominated for their role on the panel by four specialty medical associations: the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Academy of Neurology, the American Academy of Family Physicians, and the Child Neurology Society. The panel met following the formal presentations and discussions to examine and debate the issues, based on the evidence presented. This summary is the result of these deliberations.

Bulimia nervosa and major depression: a study of common genetic and environmental factors

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 617-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen E. Walters ◽  
Michael C. Neale ◽  
Lindon J. Eaves ◽  
Andrew C. Heath ◽  
Ronald C. Kessler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Diagnoses ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

SynopsisA genetic analysis of the co-occurrence of bulimia and major depression (MD) was performed on 1033 female twin pairs obtained from a population based register. Personal interviews were conducted and clinical diagnoses made according to DSM-III-R criteria.Additive genes, but not family environment, are found to play an important aetiological role in both bulimia and MD. The genetic liabilities of the two disorders are correlated 0·456. While unique environmental factors account for around half of the variation in liability to both bulimia and MD, these risk factors appear to be unrelated, i.e., each disorder has its own set of unique environmental risk factors. Thus, the genetic liability of bulimia and MD is neither highly specific nor entirely nonspecific. There is some genetic correlation between the two disorders as well as some genetic and environmental risk factors unique to each disorder. Limitations and directions for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Genetic and Environmental Contributions to Long-Term Sick Leave and Disability Pension: A Population-Based Study of Young Adult Norwegian Twins

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 759-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Line C. Gjerde ◽  
Gun Peggy Knudsen ◽  
Nikolai Czajkowski ◽  
Nathan Gillespie ◽  
Steven H. Aggen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Sick Leave ◽  
Disability Pension ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Historical Event ◽  
Environmental Correlations

Although exclusion from the workforce due to long-term sick leave (LTSL) and disability pension (DP) is a major problem in many Western countries, the etiology of LTSL and DP is not well understood. These phenomena have a strong association as most patients receiving DP have first been on LTSL. However, only a few of those on LTSL end up with DP. The present study aimed to investigate the common and specific genetic and environmental risk factors for LTSL and DP. The present study utilizes a population-based sample of 7,710 young adult twins from the Norwegian Institute of Public Health Twin Panel, which has been linked to the Historical-Event Database (FD-Trygd; 1998–2008). Univariate and bivariate twin models were fitted to determine to what degree genetic and environmental factors contribute to variation in LTSL and DP. The estimated heritabilities of LTSL and DP were 0.49 and 0.66, respectively. There was no evidence for shared environmental or sex-specific factors. The phenotypic-, genetic-, and non-familial environmental correlations between the variables were 0.86, 0.82, and 0.94, respectively. Our results indicate that familial transmission of LTSL and DP is due to genetic and not environmental factors. The risk factors contributing to LTSL and DP were mainly shared, suggesting that what increases risk for LTSL also increases risk for DP. However, a non-negligible part of the genetic variance was not shared between the variables, which may contribute to explaining why some progress from LTSL to DP, whereas others return to work.

scholarly journals Workshop: Twins: a powerful study design to examine the role of genetics and environment for work incapacity

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Sick Leave ◽  
Disability Pension ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
Public Health Research ◽  
Twin Design ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Abstract Twin design is an important tool to analyze the role of genetic and environmental factors, and to better understand causal mechanisms in public health research. Twin studies have reliably shown that genetic factors are important not only for physiological traits but also for psychological and health behavioral traits as well as for health-related work incapacity in terms of sick leave and disability pension. As many countries face an aging workforce, it is becoming ever more important to understand the underlying causes of work incapacity across the entire working life. In the past decade, twin data in combination with national register data have been used to deepen our understanding of the role of genetic and environmental influences on the complex processes of sick leave and disability pension. The aim of this workshop is to present and discuss methods and results of studies based on the large Swedish, Finnish and Norwegian twin cohorts. Linear structural equations are intensively utilized in modern methods of twin studies. A variety of models are available to answer different research questions, such as the dynamics behind associations between traits and developmental processes in longitudinal designs - models also applicable in health at work and social security. Further, analyzing twin pairs discordant for an outcome or risk factor (co-twin control) provides a unique possibility to control for familial (genetic and shared environmental) factors, since cases and controls are matched optimally being twins. Findings based on twin cohorts suggest that familial factors are relevant to many risk factors as well as for work incapacity. By controlling for these unobserved confounding factors, the co-twin control design may provide more accurate estimates of risk factors for work incapacity and complement the epidemiological findings of unrelated subjects. Based on population-based twin cohort studies with long follow-up, indications also exist that familial confounding may have different roles in the associations between risk factors and work incapacity. For example, in regard to various disability pension diagnosis groups and depending on study designs (one vs. two time points, longer vs. shorter follow-up etc.). Results from prospective studies on various risk factors, including adolescents’ mental health problems, for future sick leave and disability pension will be presented. Another presentation focuses on the stability and change in genetic and environmental factors influencing work incapacity from age 18 until retirement and the likelihood of causality between educational attainment, lifestyle and work incapacity. Finally, results on adverse outcomes of sick leave due to mental disorders using an open cohort design adjusting for familial factors will be presented. During the time of rapid development in molecular genetics, the twin study design has maintained its importance and will continue to cast light on different aspects of work incapacity. Key messages Twin design offers a unique tool in public health research to examine and control for familial (genetic and shared environmental) factors. Genetic factors seem to play an important role in understanding the complex causes of work incapacity in terms of sick leave and disability pension.

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