scholarly journals Domain-Specific and Domain-General Genetic and Environmental Effects on the Intensity of Visual Aesthetic Appraisal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Bignardi ◽  
Luca F Ticini ◽  
Dirk Smit ◽  
Tinca JC Polderman
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Genetic Factor ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Abstract Objects ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Aesthetic Experiences ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Twin Resemblance ◽  
Shared Genetic

Visual aesthetic experiences are universally shared and uniquely diversified components of every human culture. The contribution of genetic and environmental factors to variation in aesthetic appraisal has rarely been examined. Here, we analysed variation in the intensity of aesthetic appraisal in 558 monozygotic and 216 dizygotic same sex adult twin pairs when they were presented with three kinds of visual stimuli: abstract objects, sceneries, and faces. We estimated twin resemblance and heritability for the three stimuli types, as well as a shared genetic factor between the three stimuli types. Genetic factors played a moderate role in the variation of intensity of aesthetic appraisal (heritability 26 to 41%). Both shared and unique underlying genetic factors significantly accounted for domain-general and domain-specific differences. Our findings are the first to show the extent to which variation in the intensity of aesthetic experiences result from the contribution of genetic and environmental factors.

scholarly journals A Genetic Analysis of Coffee Consumption in a Sample of Dutch Twins

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaqueline M. Vink ◽  
Annemieke S. Staphorsius ◽  
Dorret I. Boomsma
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Model Fitting ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Twin Registry ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Dutch Twins ◽  
Twin Resemblance

AbstractCaffeine is by far the most commonly used psychoactive substance. Caffeine is consumed regularly as an ingredient of coffee. Coffee consumption and coffee preference was explored in a sample of 4,495 twins (including 1,231 pairs) registered with the Netherlands Twin Registry. Twin resemblance was assessed by tetrachoric correlations and the influence of both genetic and environmental factors was explored with model fitting analysis in MX. Results showed moderate genetic influences (39%) on coffee consumption. The remaining variance was explained by shared environmental factors (21%) and unique environmental factors (40%). The variance in coffee preference (defined as the proportion of coffee consumption relative to the consumption of coffee and tea in total) was explained by genetic factors (62%) and unique environmental factors (38%).

Concordance for Stuttering in Monozygotic and Dizygotic Twin Pairs

1981 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline M. Howie
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Identical Twins ◽  
Dizygotic Twin ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Maximum Accuracy ◽  
Estimated Risk ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

The role of genetic factors in the etiology of stuttering was investigated in 30 pairs of same-sex twins, each pair containing at least one stutterer. Care was taken to ensure maximum accuracy in zygosity classification and objectivity in stuttering diagnosis. Zygosity classification was made independently of stuttering diagnosis. Pair-wise concordance for stuttering was significantly higher in identical twins (63%) than in fraternal same-sex twins (19%). The estimated risk of stuttering in the monozygotic (MZ) co-twin of a stutterer was .77, and .32 in the dizygotic (DZ) co-twin of a stutterer, The findings strongly suggest the operation of genetic factors in stuttering, However, the presence of as many as six pairs of identical twins who were discordant for stuttering underlines the importance of the interaction of genetic and environmental factors in the etiology of this disorder.

scholarly journals Mathematics and Reading Develop Together in Young Children: Practical and Policy Considerations

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Purpura ◽  
Ellen C. Litkowski ◽  
Valerie Knopik
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Reading Skills ◽  
Instructional Tools ◽  
Early Mathematics ◽  
Empirical Basis ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Shared Genetic

Early mathematics and reading skills underlie later school and career success. Yet, many children struggle to acquire these skills at the same rate as their peers. Often, these challenges are interrelated because both domains share basic underlying factors. Although research considers the development and instruction of these two domains together, practice and policy efforts lag behind, often treating these as completely independent domains. Here, we review the empirical basis for linking mathematics and reading: domain-specific and domain-general connections, neurobiological underpinnings, and shared genetic and environmental factors. Furthermore, we recommend enhanced national policies and practices that place mathematics alongside reading campaigns and integrate the two. Future work should also support empirically based instructional tools for both domains and develop links across instructional efforts.

scholarly journals Common genetic effects on risk-taking preferences and choices

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicos Nicolaou ◽  
Scott Shane
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Stock Market ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Stock Market Participation ◽  
Specific Risk ◽  
Financial Investments ◽  
Using Data

AbstractAlthough prior research has shown that risk-taking preferences and choices are correlated across many domains, there is a dearth of research investigating whether these correlations are primarily the result of genetic or environmental factors. We examine the extent to which common genetic factors account for the association between general risk-taking preferences and domain-specific risk-taking preferences, and between general risk-taking preferences and risk taking choices in financial investments, stock market participation and business formation. Using data from 1898 monozygotic (MZ) and 1344 same-sex dizygotic (DZ) twins, we find that general risk-taking shares a common genetic component with domain-specific risk-taking preferences and risk-taking choices.

scholarly journals POLIMORFISME GEN ALPHA ACTININ-3 (ACTN 3) BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN MUSCLE PERFOMANCE ATLET

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nila Wahyuni
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Genetic Factor ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Professional Athletes ◽  
Force Of Contraction ◽  
Large Force ◽  
Literature Result

Background: The performance of professional athletes is very important for the achievement of athletes. The athlete's performance is influenced by various factors, namely environmental factors such as training, diet and sociocultural. One important factor that also affects the performance of athletes is genetic factor that are currently being studied. One of the genetic factors believed to play a role in athlete's performance is the Alpha Actinin-3 gene (ACTN 3). Purpose : to examine how the Alpha Actinin-3 (ACTN 3) gene polymorphism causes variation among individuals in athletic muscle performance. Method : study literature. Result : The ACTN 3 gene codes for the ?-actinin-3 protein which plays a role in producing a large force of contraction (rapid forceful contraction). The genetic variation of the ACTN 3 gene causes several variants of the ACTN 3 gene that play a role in the athlete's muscle performance.Keywords: Polymorphism, ACTN Gen 3, Muscle performance.

scholarly journals interactions between genetic and environmental factors determine direction of population lateralization

2005 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 598-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
chao deng
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Head Rotation ◽  
Head Turning ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Genetically Determined

direction of the embyro's head rotation is determined by asymmetrical expression of several genes (such as shh, nodal, lefty, and fgf8) in hensen's node. this genetically determined head-turning bias provides a base for light-aligned population lateralization in chicks, in which the direction of the lateralization is determined by genetic factors and the degree of the lateralization is determined by environmental factors.

Muscle Dissatisfaction and Muscle-Enhancing Substance Use: A Population-Based Twin Study in Young Adult Men

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anu Raevuori ◽  
Anna Keski-Rahkonen ◽  
Richard J. Rose ◽  
Aila Rissanen ◽  
Jaakko Kaprio
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Tetrachoric Correlation ◽  
Polychoric Correlation ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Best Fit

AbstractIn the population-based FinnTwin16 study, proportions of genetic and environmental factors contributing to muscle dissatisfaction and muscle-enhancing substance use were assessed in 319 pairs of twin brothers: 141 monozygotic (MZ) and 178 dizygotic (DZ) pairs. In addition there were 86 twin individuals from pairs in which only one co-twin responded. Of all respondents, 30% experienced high muscle dissatisfaction. The corresponding proportion of muscle-enhancing substance use was 10%. The subjects were similar in age (23.8 years, 95% confidence interval [CI] 23.76–23.84), body mass index (23.7, 95% CI 23.5–23.9), and waist circumference (84.5 cm, 95% CI 83.7–85.2), independent of their muscle dissatisfaction or muscle-enhancing substance use status and independent of their zygosity. The MZ polychoric correlation for muscle dissatisfaction was .39 (95% CI .17–.58) and .27 for DZ pairs (95% CI .07–.46). The MZ tetrachoric correlation for muscle-enhancing substance use was .65 (95% CI .28–.87) and .56 for DZ pairs (95% CI .26–.78). The AE model, where additive genetic factors (A) accounted for 42% (95% CI .23–.59) and unique environmental factors (E) 58% (95% CI .41–.77) of the liability, provided the best fit for muscle dissatisfaction. The CE model, where common environmental factors (C) accounted for 60% (95% CI .37–.77) and unique environmental factors (E) 40% (95% CI .23–.63) of the liability, provided the best fit for muscle-enhancing substance use. Both genetic and unique (nonfamilial) environmental factors are involved in muscle dissatisfaction in the population. Nongenetic factors (both familial and non-familial) appear to best explain the use of muscle-enhancing substances.

scholarly journals Environmental and Genetic Contributions to Indicators of Oral Malodor in Twins

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 568-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter A. Bretz ◽  
Aaron Biesbrock ◽  
Patricia M. Corby ◽  
Andrea L. Corby ◽  
Walter G. Bretz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Sulfur Compounds ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Tongue Coating ◽  
Oral Malodor ◽  
Volatile Sulfur Compounds ◽  
Item Questionnaire ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Genetic Contributions

This study aimed to: (1) determine concordance rates of self-reported and subjectively determined indicators of oral malodor in twins; (2) determine the relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors to levels of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) in intraoral and exhaled breath. Fifty-one twin pairs participated in the study. Measurements of VSCs were obtained by a halimeter. The presence of tongue coatings was determined and twins filled out a 32-item questionnaire on oral malodor indicators independently of one another. Estimates of heritability (h2) for halimeter measurements were computed by SOLAR. The concordance rates for the presence of tongue coating among identical and fraternal twins were 67% and 11%, respectively. In the 10 most informative items, 70% exhibited higher concordance rates for identical than for fraternal twins. Of particular interest were the differences in concordance rates for dry mouth, sinus infection and unusual sweating. The h2 for intra-oral breath was 0.28 ± 0.17 (NS), whereas the h2 for exhaled breath was 0.50 ± 0.20 (p = .0207). The concordance rates of tongue coatings and malodor indicators were higher in identical twins than in fraternal twins. Intraoral breath VSC values were primarily attributable to environmental factors, whereas exhaled breath VSC values were partially explained by genetic factors.

scholarly journals Pentingnya Gen dalam Membentuk Kepribadian Anak

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-64
Author(s):  
Zuyyina Candra Kirana
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Man was born according to his fitrah. The phylogenetic theory contains the innate, both genetically and other innate, but this is not an absolute being, but also in the developmental process that influences it. Islam also looks at genetic and environmental factors in relation to personality formation. Human beings and all the growth and characteristics are the embodiment of two factors, namely genetic factors (hereditary) and the environment. This paper is intended to enlighten that in the perspective of Islamic genetics and environment both play an important role for personality development. Because one's personal development is a result of the interaction of genetics and environment.

Sources of Stability in Social and Economic Ideological Orientations: Cohort, Context, and Construct Effects

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 711-730
Author(s):  
Aleksander Ksiazkiewicz ◽  
Robert Klemmensen ◽  
Christopher T Dawes ◽  
Kaare Christensen ◽  
Matt McGue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
National Context ◽  
Social Ideology ◽  
Age Cohort ◽  
Economic Ideology ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
The Stability

Abstract Existing research shows that ideological orientations are stable after young adulthood. Extending research on the sources of ideological stability, we examine social and economic ideology over a 3- to 4-year period in two twin panels (one Danish and one American). We find evidence for the importance of genetic influences and individual life experiences on the stability of social ideology in both contexts; shared environmental factors play an important role in the younger, Danish sample only. For economic ideology, genetic factors contribute to stability in the American sample only. Our findings show that the role of genetic and environmental factors in the stability of ideological orientations varies by type of ideology, national context, and, possibly, age cohort.

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