scholarly journals Evaluation of Counseling Practices and Patient’s Satisfaction Offered by Pharmacists for Diabetics Attending Outpatient Pharmacies in Al Ahsa

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-345
Author(s):  
Promise M Emeka ◽  
Manea Fares AlMunjem ◽  
Sahibzada Tasleem Rasool ◽  
Noor Kamil
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Outpatient Hospital ◽  
Type 1 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Counseling Practices ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Introduction: Patient counseling can be helpful in improving the outcome of disease management, particularly chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, which is common in Saudi Arabia. The present study looks to investigate the levels of counseling and satisfaction among patients attending diabetic clinics in outpatient hospital pharmacy in Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. Method: This is a cross-sectional investigation, carried out by using interview-structured questionnaire, targeting diabetes mellitus patients with or without comorbid states. The questionnaire was divided into 3 parts comprising of demographics, counseling types given while collecting prescription, and satisfaction rating of services provided. Result: More males than females participated; most of whom were college graduates older than 51 years. Sixty-three percent of the entire participants are type 1 diabetic patients, while 37% are type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Coexistence of hypercholesterolemia was higher among type 1 diabetes patients with 51.9%, while hypertension was more common among type 2 diabetic patients representing 68.2%. Findings also showed that counseling was provided for medication use among type 1 diabetic patients but was deficient in the case of type 2 diabetic patients. Patients received low level of counseling on side effects and healthy lifestyle living. Satisfaction level was only 11.1%, indicating that counseling services might be deficient. Conclusion: This study has revealed poor counseling practices and low satisfaction levels in services provided by outpatient hospital pharmacies to diabetic patients. In the face of increasing prevalence of diabetes and comorbidity, counseling of diabetic patients is critical.

scholarly journals Health care services provided to type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients in Saudi Arabia

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 1216-1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Al-Rubeaan ◽  
Hamad Al-Manaa ◽  
Tawfik Khoja ◽  
Ahmad Al-Sharqawi ◽  
Khaled Aburisheh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

scholarly journals Serum IL-17, IL-23, and TGF-βLevels in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetic Patients and Age-Matched Healthy Controls

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azam Roohi ◽  
Mina Tabrizi ◽  
Farzaneh Abbasi ◽  
Asal Ataie-Jafari ◽  
Behrouz Nikbin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Levels ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Type 1 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Type 1 diabetes is recognized as an autoimmune inflammatory disease and low grade inflammation is also observed in type 2 diabetic patients. Interleukin 17 (IL-17) is a new player in inflammation. Th17 cells, as the main source of IL-17, require transforming growth factorβ(TGF-β) and interleukin 23 (IL-23). The aim of this study was to investigate serum IL-17, IL-23 and TGF-βlevels in diabetic patients and controls. In this case-control study, serum levels of IL-17, IL-23, and TGF-βwere measured in 24 type 1 diabetic patients and 30 healthy controls using the ELISA method. Simultaneously, the same methodology was used to compare serum concentration of these three cytokines in 38 type 2 diabetic patients and 40 healthy controls. There was no significant difference between serum levels of IL-17 and IL-23 cytokines between cases and controls. However, TGF-βwas significantly lower in type 1 diabetic patients (P<0.001). Serum IL-17 and IL-23 levels demonstrate no association with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, but, in line with previous studies, TGF-βlevels were lower in type 1 diabetic patients.

scholarly journals A study of auditory brainstem evoked responses in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with normal hearing

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1303
Author(s):  
Isha Goyal ◽  
Manjit Singh ◽  
Baldev Singh ◽  
Kamal Dev Singh ◽  
Parul Sachdeva
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common metabolic disorders with millions of cases world-wide. Its effect on functioning of the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nerves is a matter of current neurological research. Our study aimed to find out changes in auditory brainstem responses if any, in patients with type 1 and type 2 DM patients with apparently normal hearing.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 50 cases each of type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients with normal hearing were chosen along with 50 healthy controls. Pure tone audiometry and brainstem evoked response audiometry (BERA) was performed in all cases. The BERA results were interpreted for the latencies of waves I, II, III, IV and V and inter-peak latencies I-III, I-V and III-V.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Significant delay in absolute latency of wave I, III, IV, V and inter-peak latencies I-V and III-V was seen in Type 1 diabetic patients. In Type 2 diabetic patients, latencies of waves I, II, III, IV and V and inter-peak latencies I-III, I-V and III-V were significantly delayed. There was no statistically significant difference in latency delay between type 1 and type 2 DM. No relation was found with the duration of DM.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> BERA is a non-invasive and easy to perform test that can detect minor CNS changes and can be used to detect peripheral (auditory nerve) and central neuropathy in diabetics even in absence of clinical signs and symptoms of deafness.</p>

scholarly journals Cutaneous manifestations of diabetes mellius: a clinico epidemiological study

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
S. Venkatesh ◽  
S. Thamizhselvi ◽  
Tharini .
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Acanthosis Nigricans ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cutaneous Manifestations ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Diabetes mellitus is one of the commonest non communicable diseases seen all over the world, constituting 49% from India, i.e., 72 million patients according to the Indian Council of Medical Research. The aim of the study was to study the various skin manifestations in diabetic patients and to correlate them with glycemic levels.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Patients for the study were chosen among those who were on treatment for diabetes mellitus and presented to the skin department with various cutaneous manifestations.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Infections were commonest cutaneous manifestations in both type 1 and type 2. Among infections, fungal infections were commoner followed by bacterial infections. Among house wives, the commoner was candidal dermatosis intertrigo-toe/finger cleft followed by chronic paronychia. Among bacterial infections, erythrasma was commonly followed by pyoderma. Among pyodermas, furunculosis was common. Most common associated dermatoses were acanthosis nigricans and acrochordons. Treatment-related manifestations were not found.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> In type 2 diabetic patients, infections were commonly followed by acanthosis nigricans, acrochordons, and generalized pruritus. Glycemic levels were higher in those with candidiasis and also with pyodermas. </p>

Diabetes mellitus knowledge of type 2 diabetic patients, Almajmaah, Saudi Arabia

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waqas Sami ◽  
◽  
Tahir Ansari ◽  
Nadeem Shafique Butt ◽  
Mohd Rashid Bin Ab Hamid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

scholarly journals Elevated Levels of Plasma IgA Autoantibodies against Oxidized LDL Found in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy but Not in Nonproliferative Retinopathy

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satu Vavuli ◽  
Tuire Salonurmi ◽  
Sirpa Loukovaara ◽  
Antti E. Nissinen ◽  
Markku J. Savolainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Oxidized Ldl ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 1 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Aims. This study investigated the association of autoantibodies binding to oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL) in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods. Plasma from 229 types 1 and 2 patients with DR including diabetic macular edema (DME) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) was analysed with ELISA-based assay to determine IgA, IgG, and IgM autoantibody levels binding to oxLDL. The controls were 106 diabetic patients without retinopathy (NoDR) and 139 nondiabetic controls (C). Results. PDR group had significantly higher IgA autoantibody levels than DME or NoDR: mean 94.9 (SD 54.7) for PDR, 75.5 (41.8) for DME (p=0.001), and 76.1 (48.2) for NoDR (p=0.008). There were no differences in IgG, IgM, or IgA that would be specific for DR or for DME. Type 2 diabetic patients had higher levels of IgA autoantibodies than type 1 diabetic patients (86.0 and 65.5, resp., p=0.004) and the highest levels in IgA were found in type 2 diabetic patients with PDR (119.1, p>0.001). Conclusions. IgA autoantibodies were increased in PDR, especially in type 2 diabetes. The high levels of IgA in PDR, and especially in type 2 PDR patients, reflect the inflammatory process and enlighten the role of oxLDL and its autoantibodies in PDR.

scholarly journals Increased Ability of LDL from Normolipidemic Type 2 Diabetic Women to Generate Peroxides

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1439-1448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Guerci ◽  
Helena Antebi ◽  
Laurent Meyer ◽  
Vincent Durlach ◽  
Olivier Ziegler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cholesterol Ratio ◽  
Type 1 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Abstract Background: We assessed the ability of LDL from 30 type 1 diabetic patients (18 men, 12 women), 65 type 2 diabetic patients (35 men, 30 women), and 35 controls (19 men, 16 women) to generate peroxides. The men and women in the diabetic groups were studied separately and matched for age, body mass index, duration of diabetes, glycohemoglobin, and conventional lipid characteristics according to the presence or absence of hyperlipidemia. Methods: The ability of LDL to form peroxides was assessed by measuring the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances corrected for LDL-cholesterol [ratio of malondialdehyde (MDA) to LDL-cholesterol]. LDL particle size was expressed as the ratio of LDL-cholesterol to apolipoprotein B (LDL-cholesterol/apoB). Results: The MDA/LDL-cholesterol ratio was higher in type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients with hyperlipidemia than in controls. The MDA/LDL-cholesterol ratio was also higher in type 2 normolipidemic women than in controls (P &lt;0.01). The LDL-cholesterol/apoB ratio was lower in type 2 diabetic women than in type 2 diabetic men (P &lt;0.05). The MDA/LDL-cholesterol ratio was negatively correlated with the LDL-cholesterol/apoB ratio (r = −0.78, P &lt;0.001) in hyperlipidemic type 1 (not type 2) diabetic patients. In normolipidemic type 2 diabetic patients, the MDA/LDL-cholesterol ratio was also negatively correlated with the LDL-cholesterol/apoB ratio (r = −0.75, P &lt;0.001) because of the highly significant negative correlation in type 2 diabetic women (r = −0.89, P &lt;0.01). Conclusions: LDL from well-controlled type 2 diabetic women is smaller and more prone to form peroxides. This could explain why diabetic women are at greater risk of cardiovascular disease.

Cause-specific mortality in diabetes: recent changes in trend mortality

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charbel Abi Khalil ◽  
Ronan Roussel ◽  
Kamel Mohammedi ◽  
Nicolas Danchin ◽  
Michel Marre
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Chronic Complications ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Type 1 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic ◽  
Related Mortality

Diabetes is one of the most chronic diseases in Western populations. Mortality rates in diabetic patients are higher than in the general population and their prognosis following any cardiovascular event is generally worse. Type 1 diabetic patients’ acute complications-related mortality decreases with time and the interval free from the diagnosis of diabetes until the development of chronic complications is larger although global mortality is still higher than that of sex- and age-matched healthy individuals. As a consequence of better primary and secondary preventions, recent data in the general population show that there is a trend towards decreased cardiovascular events and increased life expectancy. The same thing applies for type 2 diabetic patients. However, increased survival in the general population associated to epidemic bursts of obesity and sedentarily all over the globe, leads to a higher incidence of type 2 diabetes worldwide. This counteracts the diminution of diabetes-related mortality that would move forward on an ascending slope in the next decades.

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