scholarly journals A generalized machine for automated flow cytology system design.

1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 388-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Curbelo ◽  
E R Schildkraut ◽  
T Hirschfeld ◽  
R H Webb ◽  
M J Block ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Tube ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Numerical Aperture ◽  
Electronic System ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Optical Measurements ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Cell Orientation ◽  
Light Gathering ◽  
Data Acquistion

A general-purpose multiparameter flow cytophotometry system has been developed for use in the desgin of flow cytophotometers to perform specific tasks in automated cytology. Five separate measurement stations spaced along the axis of a capillary tube can be used to make up to eight optical measurements of individual cells flowing through the capillary. The system uses a broad-band arc source and can measure light scattered at various angles, light absorption by cell constituents and/or dyes and fluorescence of cell constituents and/or fluorochromes, excited directly and/or by energy transfer from neighboring molecules. High numerical aperture optics are used to maximize light-gathering capacity and minimize the effects of cell orientation and eccentricity of position in the fluid stream on measurements. A hard-wired preprocessor is used to detect the presence of cells and adjust sampling timing for changes in cell velocity; the electronic system also controls the gain of the detector photomultiplier tubes to compensate for background variations. Data acquistion and analysis are controled by a small general-purpose digital computer. The system has been used to develop a method and apparatus for blood cell counting and classification.

scholarly journals Cytomat-R: a computer-controlled multiple laser source multiparameter flow cytophotometer system.

1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 836-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
H M Shapiro ◽  
E R Schildkraut ◽  
R Curbelo ◽  
R B Turner ◽  
R H Webb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Chamber ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Optical Measurements ◽  
Laser Source ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Laser Wave ◽  
Laser Sources ◽  
Computer Controlled ◽  
Illumination Wavelength ◽  
Classification Procedures

A multiple illumination wavelength multiparameter flow cytophotometer system, using laser sources and controlled by a small, general-purpose digital computer, has been produced for use in the development of new flow cytometric techniques. Three different laser wave-lengths can be used simultaneously to illuminate different regions of the flow chamber; as many as five measurements of light scattering at various angles, extinction, and fluorescence at one or more wavelengths can be made at each illuminated station. Cells in suspension may be examined at rates of 1000 cells/sec, with seven correlated optical measurements being recorded for each cell. A library of programs for data manipulation and statistical analysis make it possible to use the system to develop and implement cell characterization, counting and classification procedures for basic and clinical research applications.

Fabrication of Eyeball-Like Spherical Micro-Lens Array for Optical Fiber Coupling

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Shen ◽  
C. T. Pan ◽  
R. F. Shyu ◽  
C. H. Chao ◽  
J. C. Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Wafer ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Coupling Efficiency ◽  
Numerical Aperture ◽  
Spherical Geometry ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Batch Process ◽  
Optical Measurements ◽  
Lens Array ◽  
Micro Lens

Batch-fabrication of eyeball-like spherical micro-lens not only reduces micro assembly cost, but also replaces conventional ball-lenses or costly GRINs (Gradient Reflective Index) without sacrificing performance. Compared to the conventional micro-lenses made in a half-spherical geometry, the eyeball-like micro-lens is a sphere, which allows focusing light in all directions on the substrate surface, thus providing application flexibility for optical applications. The current eyeball-like spherical micro-lens is made using photoresist SU-8. This work develops a batch process at low temperature by spin-coating SU-8 on a surface of silicon wafer. The SU-8 thick film is patterned by UV lithography to form an array of holes for holding eyeball-like spherical micro-lens. The fabrication process employs bulk micromachining to fabricate an array of nozzles on the silicon wafer. Next, this process pours viscous SU-8 into the cavity of silicon wafer and presses it through the nozzle before reflow. The eyeball-like spherical micro-balls form by balancing between surface tension and cohesion. Varying the amount of SU-8 pressed through the nozzle controls the diameter of the balls. This paper designs a pattern with a 3 × 3 lens-array with a numerical aperture of about 0.38. Diameters range from 60 to 500 um. Optical measurements indicate a diameter fluctuation within 3% and an optical insertion loss is below 2.5dB with a wavelength of 635nm in a single-mode fiber (SMF). Therefore the eyeball-like spherical micro-lens is capable of increasing coupling efficiency.

General-purpose broad-band ultrasonic unit for handling biological objects

1977 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 317-319
Author(s):  
V. P. Boldyrev ◽  
V. N. Sinitsin ◽  
M. T. Titenko ◽  
N. V. Lozovoi ◽  
V. M. Demoratskii
Keyword(s):  
Broad Band ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Biological Objects

Luminescence and Raman Spectroscopic Characterization of Tyrosine Oxidized by Persulfate

1987 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Cooper ◽  
David L. Bolton ◽  
Steven T. Schuschereba ◽  
Elmar T. Schmeisser
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Capillary Tube ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Solid Polymer ◽  
Excitation Wavelength ◽  
Full Width ◽  
Half Maximum ◽  
Energy Excitation ◽  
Emission Maximum ◽  
Excitation Line

To gain insight into the photochemistry of oxidized amino acids, we have measured chemiluminescence and Raman spectra of persulfate oxidized tyrosine (POT). Chemiluminescence kinetics were obtained from a sealed capillary tube containing a basic POT solution. Excitation at 488.0 nm and monitoring emission at 633 nm produced a first-order rise and a second-order decay in intensity to steady-state levels. We collected steady-state emission spectra from a flow system excited by argon-ion and helium-neon laser radiation. The full-width at half-maximum, position, and intensity of fluorescence were measured. The full-width at half-maximum (3600 cm−1) was independent of excitation wavelength. At higher energy excitation, the emission maximum was independent of excitation line. At lower energy excitation, the emission maximum varied with the excitation line. The emission intensity dropped by a factor of 6 as the excitation wavelength was varied from 465.8 nm to 514.5 nm. Luminescence was also observed upon excitation at 632.8 nm of this compound dissolved in DMSO. Raman data, obtained from solid polymer suspended in a KBr pellet (rotating sample cell, 488.0 nm excitation, S cm−1 bandpass), revealed broad bands at 1385 cm−1, 1590–1615 cm−1, and 2930 cm−1 superimposed upon a weak fluorescent background. Upon ultraviolet laser excitation (363.8 nm, 5 mW power on the sample, 5 cm−1 bandpass), a single broad band appeared, centered at 1300 cm−1. The difference from visible excitation implies that resonance enhancement from an ultraviolet absorbing chromophore occurred.

scholarly journals An Impulse-C Hardware Accelerator for Packet Classification Based on Fine/Coarse Grain Optimization

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Ahmed ◽  
S. Areibi ◽  
R. Collier ◽  
G. Grewal
Keyword(s):  
Poor Performance ◽  
Electronic System ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Packet Classification ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
System Level ◽  
Coarse Grain ◽  
Hardware Accelerator ◽  
General Purpose Processor ◽  
Incremental Update

Current software-based packet classification algorithms exhibit relatively poor performance, prompting many researchers to concentrate on novel frameworks and architectures that employ both hardware and software components. The Packet Classification with Incremental Update (PCIU) algorithm, Ahmed et al. (2010), is a novel and efficient packet classification algorithm with a unique incremental update capability that demonstrated excellent results and was shown to be scalable for many different tasks and clients. While a pure software implementation can generate powerful results on a server machine, an embedded solution may be more desirable for some applications and clients. Embedded, specialized hardware accelerator based solutions are typically much more efficient in speed, cost, and size than solutions that are implemented on general-purpose processor systems. This paper seeks to explore the design space of translating the PCIU algorithm into hardware by utilizing several optimization techniques, ranging from fine grain to coarse grain and parallel coarse grain approaches. The paper presents a detailed implementation of a hardware accelerator of the PCIU based on an Electronic System Level (ESL) approach. Results obtained indicate that the hardware accelerator achieves on average 27x speedup over a state-of-the-art Xeon processor.

Microsystems for Blood Cell Counting

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Niccolò Piacentini ◽  
Danilo Demarchi ◽  
Pierluigi Civera ◽  
Marco Knaflitz
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Control Volume ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Optical Measurements ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Impedance Method ◽  
Differential Analysis ◽  
External Sources ◽  
Working Set ◽  
Blood Cell Counting

This paper presents two biomedical microsystems for blood cell counting, designed and built through MultiMEMS Multi-Project Wafer (MPW) service and the microBUILDER European project. Dies mm in size, made of a micromachined glass-silicon-glass triple stack, host two new kinds of multiple micro-counters, suitable to investigate the feasibility of blood cell differential analysis by means of Coulter principle in a monolithic lab-on-a-chip, which integrates a microfluidic network, sensing metal electrodes and light-guiding structures. Within these devices, impedance method gains some innovative features, both from microsystem technology itself (low consumptions of chemicals, better analytical performances, low dead volumes in multifunctional interconnected networks, parallel high-throughput processing, low-cost mass production) and from new project solutions: self-aligning illumination allows to use compact external sources (i.e, LEDs) and requires no delicate optics. Different working set-ups (ranging from series with fixed control volume to parallel differential) can be achieved by adding only few external components. It is finally possible to combine electrical and optical measurements, oriented to multi-feature classification of cell sub-populations.

scholarly journals LITE microscopy: Tilted light-sheet excitation of model organisms offers high resolution and low photobleaching

2018 ◽  
Vol 217 (5) ◽  
pp. 1869-1882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanner C. Fadero ◽  
Therese M. Gerbich ◽  
Kishan Rana ◽  
Aussie Suzuki ◽  
Matthew DiSalvo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Focal Plane ◽  
Numerical Aperture ◽  
Light Sheet ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Spatiotemporal Resolution ◽  
High Spatiotemporal Resolution ◽  
Light Gathering ◽  
Microscopy Techniques

Fluorescence microscopy is a powerful approach for studying subcellular dynamics at high spatiotemporal resolution; however, conventional fluorescence microscopy techniques are light-intensive and introduce unnecessary photodamage. Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) mitigates these problems by selectively illuminating the focal plane of the detection objective by using orthogonal excitation. Orthogonal excitation requires geometries that physically limit the detection objective numerical aperture (NA), thereby limiting both light-gathering efficiency (brightness) and native spatial resolution. We present a novel live-cell LSFM method, lateral interference tilted excitation (LITE), in which a tilted light sheet illuminates the detection objective focal plane without a sterically limiting illumination scheme. LITE is thus compatible with any detection objective, including oil immersion, without an upper NA limit. LITE combines the low photodamage of LSFM with high resolution, high brightness, and coverslip-based objectives. We demonstrate the utility of LITE for imaging animal, fungal, and plant model organisms over many hours at high spatiotemporal resolution.

General Purpose High Temperature Microwave Measurement of Electromagnetic Properties

1992 ◽  
Vol 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Batt ◽  
Robert Rukus ◽  
Meyer Gilden
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Electromagnetic Properties ◽  
Microwave Measurement ◽  
Data Generation ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Test Fixture ◽  
One Year

ABSTRACTAn efficient general purpose method has been developed for implementing a variety of broad band microwave measurement techniques at high temperature. Central to these techniques has been the development of a “dual-waveguide” test fixture. These techniques have been selected, out of necessity, to cover a variety of material types and geometries such as slabs, posts and sheets. These include measurement of complex permittivity and permeability using a modified Nicolson-Ross technique for slabs and Marcuwitz' algorithm for posts. In the implementation of the dual-waveguide, two adjacent and symmetric X-band waveguides are machined from a single block of Inconel alloy 601*, one serving as a test waveguide, the other as a reference waveguide. The dual-waveguide is surrounded by a programmable clam-shell furnace. The reference waveguide provides data which is used to compensate for electrical and dimensional thermal changes in the test section. Combined with commonly used HP 8510 Network Analyzer methods, automated test procedures have been developed to accommodate the various measurement types and sample shapes. Prototypical data will be presented illustrating the effectiveness of some of these techniques. The methods discussed are most useful for rapid data generation over temperatures ranging from room temperature to 2000 degrees F (1093 degrees C) and at frequencies defined by the waveguide dimensions. This paper highlights developments in the dual waveguide system since its construction over one year ago.

scholarly journals Implementation of sequential design based water level monitoring and controlling system

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 967
Author(s):  
Hussain Attia ◽  
Beza Getu ◽  
Abdullah Asaad ◽  
Ahmed Abbas ◽  
Mahmoud Al Nuaimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Electronic System ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Sequential Design ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Level Monitoring ◽  
Water Level Monitoring

In currently decades, water usage either for domestic or commercial purposes is facing critical conditions which negatively affects the sustainability of our environment. From this point of view, reducing water consumptions will participate in the solution of water saving. Monitoring and controlling the tank water level are important functions which effect and work on reduction of water consumption.  Many studies in literature focus on proposing a high performance water level monitoring and controlling systems based on either computerized units or microcontroller units. However these systems are characterized by complexity and high cost. In this paper, a highly flexible implemented electronic system is introduced based on sequential design by using general purpose discrete components. The proposed system present simple design of water level sensing stage, in addition, this paper showing full design, simulation, and implementation steps of an automation system which is able to control switching the state of the water pump in accordance to the current level of water in the tank.

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