scholarly journals Peroxisomes in pulmonate gastropods.

1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 319-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Dannen ◽  
M E Beard
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Positive Reaction ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Staining Reaction ◽  
Arion Ater ◽  
Morphologic Characteristics ◽  
Granular Matrix

Organelles with the morphologic characteristics of peroxisomes have been found in the cells of the kidney sac of two terrestrial pulmonate gastropods. Arion ater and Ariolimax columbianus. These peroxisomes appear in profile as circles or ellipses, 0.25 micron in diameter and 0.3-0.8 micron long; They have a finely granular matrix and a single-limiting membrane; the organelles are extensively associated with smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Some Ariolimax peroxisomes contained structures reminiscent of nucleoids while those of Arion did not. The peroxisomes of Arion ater show a strongly-positive staining reaction with the 3,3'-diaminobenzidine technique, which is inhibited in the presence of aminotriazole. Peroxisomes of Ariolimax columbianus did not show a positive reaction, despite a number of variations of the 3,3'-diaminobenzidine protocol. Speculations are made concerning the biochemical reasons for this cytochemical behavior. Peroxisomes in both tissues were negatively stained while lysosomes were positively stained in acid-phosphatase incubations.

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF PEROXISOMES IN THE RAT ADRENAL CORTEX

1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARGARET E. BEARD
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Zona Fasciculata ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Staining Reaction ◽  
Dense Matrix ◽  
Zona Reticularis ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Branched Structures ◽  
Electron Dense Matrix

Organelles with the ultrastructure and cytochemical characteristics of peroxisomes (microbodies) have been identified in cells of the zona fasciculata and zona reticularis of the rat adrenal cortex. These peroxisomes appear as small, elliptical to spherical or branched structures, enclosed by a single membrane and composed of a moderately electron-dense matrix. They do not possess a nucleoid or core of the type found in peroxisomes of liver and kidney. These organelles show a strongly positive staining reaction with the diaminobenzidine technique for peroxidatic activity of catalase. This staining is inhibited by aminotriazole. In cytochemical preparations revealing acid phosphatase activity, lysosomes are strongly stained and peroxisomes are free of reaction product.

scholarly journals Regulation of acid phosphatase activity in human promyelocytic leukemic cells induced to differentiate in culture.

1979 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Vorbrodt ◽  
P Meo ◽  
G Rovera
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Leukemic Cell ◽  
Time Sequence ◽  
Leukemic Cells ◽  
Leukemic Cell Line ◽  
Faint Band ◽  
Induction Of Differentiation ◽  
Sequence Study

Induction of differentiation of a human promyelocytic leukemic cell line (HL60) in culture is accompanied by changes in acid phosphatase (Acpase) activity. The increase in activity is less than twofold when the leukemic cells are stimulated by dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) to differentiate into metamyelocytes and granulocytes but is eightfold when the cells are stimulated by the tumor-promoting agent 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) to differentiate into macrophage-like cells. Five different isozymes of Acpase were separated by acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Isozyme 1, the most anodal isozyme, was found to be present in undifferentiated, DMSO-treated and TPA-treated cells; isozyme 2 was a very faint band observed both in DMSO- and TPA-treated cells, the isoenzymes 3a and 3b were present only in TPA-induced cells; and isozyme 4, the most cathodal isozyme, was present both in TPA- and DMSO-induced cells. A time sequence study on the appearance of the various forms after TPA treatment indicated that the expression of the isozymes is regulated in an uncoordinated fashion. Acpase activity has been shown by ultrastructural cytochemistry to be localized in the entire rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and in areas of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) located near the Golgi complex in differentiating cells but to be extremely weak, if at all detectable, in undifferentiated promyelocytes.

scholarly journals GOLGI APPARATUS, GERL, AND LYSOSOMES OF NEURONS IN RAT DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA, STUDIED BY THICK SECTION AND THIN SECTION CYTOCHEMISTRY

1971 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 859-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phyllis M. Novikoff ◽  
Alex B. Novikoff ◽  
Nelson Quintana ◽  
Jean-Jacques Hauw
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Dorsal Root Ganglia ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Golgi Stack ◽  
Golgi Element ◽  
Thiamine Pyrophosphatase

New insights into the ultrastructure and phosphatase localizations of Golgi apparatus and GERL, and into the probable origin of lysosomes in the neurons of fetal dorsal root ganglia and the small neurons of adult ganglia have come from studying thick (0.5–1.0 µ) as well as thin (up to 500 A) sections by conventional electron microscopy. Tilting the thick specimens, by a goniometer stage, has helped to increase our understanding of the three-dimensional aspects of the Golgi apparatus and GERL. One Golgi element, situated at the inner aspect of the Golgi stack, displays thiamine pyrophosphatase and nucleoside diphosphatase activities. This element exhibits regular geometric arrays (hexagons) of interconnected tubules without evidence of a flattened portion (saccule or cisterna). In contrast, GERL shows acid phosphatase activity and possesses small cisternal portions and anastomosing tubules. Lysosomes appear to bud from GERL. Osmium deposits, following prolonged osmication, are found in the outer Golgi element. Serial 0.5-µ and thin sections of thiamine pyrophosphatase-incubated material demonstrate that, in the neurons studied, the Golgi apparatus is a continuous network coursing through the cytoplasm. Serial thick sections of acid phosphatase-incubated tissue suggest that GERL is also a continuous structure throughout the cytoplasm. Tubules of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, possibly part of GERL, extend into the polygonal compartments of the inner Golgi element. The possible physiological significance of a polygonal arrangement of a phosphatase-rich Golgi element in proximity to smooth ER is considered. A tentative diagram of the Golgi stack and associated endoplasmic reticulum in these neurons has been drawn.

The ultrastructure of the saccus vasculosus of teleost fishes I. The coronet cell

1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
WJR Lanzing ◽  
Lennep EW van
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Acid Mucopolysaccharide ◽  
Basal Region ◽  
Teleost Fishes ◽  
Cell Organelles ◽  
Saccus Vasculosus ◽  
Coronet Cell ◽  
Simultaneous Growth

The ultrastucture of the coronet cell of a large number of teleosts belonging to different orders was investigated. Tubular and vesicular components of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum occur in coronet cells and in globules of all the species examined. Cell organelles such as lysosomes, Golgi systems, and mitochondria are predominantly located in the basal region of the cell. Modifications of the endoplasmic reticulum include whorls and vacuoles as well as honeycomb systems. In malacopterygian teleosts rootlets and filaments instead of microtubules occur frequently. The possibility of interconversion between these organelles is discussed. Acid phosphatase is found mainly in the lysosomes, but the granules contained in the stalked globules often contain acid mucopolysaccharide. It is suggested that new globules are formed by a process of pinching off of parts of the apical protrusion and the simultaneous growth of a modified cilium into it.

scholarly journals Elimination of excess smooth endoplasmic reticulum after phenobarbital administration.

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 997-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Feldman ◽  
R L Swarm ◽  
J Becker
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Structural Change ◽  
Kupffer Cell ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Phenobarbital Administration ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Reaction

Livers from Charles River rats during and after treatment with phenobarbital were studied in order to investigate possible mechanisms involved in the elimination of excess smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The most pronounced structural change during compound administration was proliferation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum; depletion of glycogen and an increase in lipid deposits were also observed. After termination of treatment, these changes were reversed. The appearance of an increased number of autophage vacuoles and lysosomes plus the localization of acid phosphatase reaction product in these bodies suggests autophagy as one possible mechanism for the elimination of excess smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Cytoplasmic blebs and fragments replete with smooth endoplasmic reticulum were observed within the sinusoids. The presence of Kupffer cell cytoplasmic extensions surrounding these fragments and acid phosphatase reaction product within Kupffer cell inclusions suggests heterophagy as another process participating in the removal of excess smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

scholarly journals PEROXISOMES IN INNER ADRENOCORTICAL CELLS OF FETAL AND ADULT GUINEA PIGS

1973 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia H. Black ◽  
Bruce I. Bogart
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Zona Fasciculata ◽  
Adrenocortical Cells ◽  
Zona Reticularis

Abundant membrane-bounded granules, 0.1–0.45 µm in diameter, occur among the elements of the smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum in zona fasciculata and zona reticularis adrenocortical cells of guinea pigs. Acid phosphatase cannot be cytochemically demonstrated in them, and they are therefore distinct from lysosomes. Incubation in medium containing 3,3'-diaminobenzidine results in dense staining of the granules, identifying them as peroxisomes. These small peroxisomes increase in number as fetal adrenocortical cells differentiate, and they appear to arise from dilated regions of endoplasmic reticulum. They maintain interconnections with the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and with one another.

scholarly journals ULTRASTRUCTURAL AND CYTOCHEMICAL OBSERVATIONS ON B-16 AND HARDING-PASSEY MOUSE MELANOMAS THE ORIGIN OF PREMELANOSOMES AND COMPOUND MELANOSOMES

1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 299-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEX B. NOVIKOFF ◽  
ARLINE ALBALA ◽  
LUIS BIEMPICA
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Lysosomal Enzyme ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Aryl Sulfatase ◽  
Thiamine Pyrophosphatase ◽  
Inosine Diphosphatase

The B-16 and Harding-Passey mouse melanomas were studied by light microscopy (tyrosinase, acid phosphatase, aryl sulfatase, thiamine pyrophosphatase and inosine diphosphatase activities) and electron microscopy (morphology and tyrosinase and acid phosphatase activities). Lysosomal enzyme activity is present in individual premelanosomes and melanosomes as well as in compound melanosomes. Acid phosphatase and tyrosinase activities are present in a Golgi-associated system of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (GERL) and small vesicles related to it. The acid phosphatase and tyrosinase activities of premelanosomes, and morphologic appearances, support the hypothesis that the granules arise from GERL. On the basis of the evidence presented, it is suggested that compound melanosomes arise within melanoma cells by autophagy.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON MICROPEROXISOMES IV. INTERRELATIONS OF MICROPEROXISOMES, ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM AND LIPOFUSCIN GRANULES

1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1010-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEX B. NOVIKOFF ◽  
PHYLLIS M. NOVIKOFF ◽  
NELSON QUINTANA ◽  
CLEVELAND DAVIS
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Functional Significance ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Human Hepatocytes ◽  
Lipid Storage ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Lipofuscin Granules

Previous light microscopic studies have shown that the lipofuscin granules of human hepatocytes oxidize 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB). This DAB reactivity has been examined by electron microscopy. Incubation in an alkaline DAB medium demonstrates that the acid phosphatase-rich areas, containing ferritin-like grains, are DAB-positive. Close spatial relations of the lipofuscin granules with smooth endoplasmic reticulum and with microperoxisomes are demonstrated. These interrelations probably have functional significance for lipid storage in the lipofuscin granules. The relations also form the basis for speculations regarding microautophagy and the accumulation of ferritin and other cytosol constituents within the lipofuscin granules.

Endocytosis and the lysosomal apparatus of rat Leydig cells

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 708-709
Author(s):  
M.F. Lalli ◽  
L. Hermo ◽  
Y. Clermont
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Multivesicular Bodies ◽  
Rat Testis ◽  
Endocytic Activity

The Leydig cells of the rat testis which are involved in testosterone production contain an abundance of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria (Figs. 2,6). These cells also possess many peroxisomes, lysosomes and multivesicular bodies (MVB's). On the cell surface, the plasma membrane contains numerous short microvilli, small invaginations and large plasmalemmal folds which appear to engulf extracellular fluid. There are also many large dilated vacuoles adjacent to the cell surface. The purpose of the present study is to determine if these cells show endocytic activity and to differentiate by various cytochemical means lysosomal elements from peroxisomes.To identify lysosomes, tissue chopper sections of 2% glutaraldehyde-fixed testes (containing 2.5% dextran) were incubated in media containing thiamine monophosphate as a substrate (Lalli, 1983) to demonstrate the presence of acid phosphatase or in media containing P-nitrocatechol sulfate for the demonstration of arylsulfatase (Hopsu-Havu et al., 1967).

In Vitro Induction of Crystals of MT Protein by Vinblastine-Colcemid in Mouse Spermatids

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 132-133
Author(s):  
John J. Wolosewick ◽  
John H. D. Bryan
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Nuclear Ring ◽  
Rough Er ◽  
Distal Direction ◽  
In Vitro Induction

Early in spermiogenesis the manchette is rapidly assembled in a distal direction from the nuclear-ring-densities. The association of vesicles of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and the manchette microtubules (MTS) has been reported. In the mouse, osmophilic densities at the distal ends of the manchette are the organizing centers (MTOCS), and are associated with the SER. Rapid MT assembly and the lack of rough ER suggests that there is an existing pool of MT protein. Colcemid potentiates the reaction of vinblastine with tubulin and was used in this investigation to detect this protein.

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