scholarly journals Effects of family risk on early attachment security: Gender-specific susceptibility and mediation by parenting behavior

2022 ◽  
pp. 251610322110654
Author(s):  
Jennifer Gerlach ◽  
Judith M. Fößel ◽  
Marc Vierhaus ◽  
Alexandra Sann ◽  
Andreas Eickhorst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Developmental Psychopathology ◽  
Attachment Security ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Parenting Behavior ◽  
Family Risk Factors ◽  
Family Risk ◽  
Early Attachment ◽  
Risk Environments

Growing up in high-risk environments is detrimental to children’s development of attachment security. Parenting behavior is hypothesized to be the mechanism through which risks exert their influence. However, risk influences can vary between individuals by gender. Aim of this study was to explore specific pathways of family risk on early attachment security and additionally examine the transmission via parenting behavior. The sample consisted of 197 children and their primary caregivers. Children’s age ranged between 10 and 21 months ( M = 15.25, SD = 3.59). Data assessment included 21 distal and proximal family risk factors, children’s attachment security, and parental responsivity and supportive presence. Whereas distal risk factors had an adverse effect only on girls’ attachment security, proximal risks negatively affected only boys’ attachment security. Additionally, patterns of risk factors occurring in our sample were analyzed using an exploratory principal component analysis. Regardless of the child’s gender, a low socio- economic status was negatively related to attachment security of all children. Migration and crowding and a high emotional load of the primary caregiver both negatively predicted girls’ but not boys’ attachment security. However, the attachment security of boys was affected by a negative family climate. Most of the adverse risk effects on attachment security were mediated by parental responsivity and supportive presence so that the transmission of risk occurs through parenting behavior. Results revealed a different susceptibility of family risks for girls and boys. The consideration of a gender-sensitive approach in developmental psychopathology and interventions of developmental child welfare services is recommended.

Family Risk Factors of Alcoholism and Drinking Patterns among Non Alcoholic Women: An Inverse Relationship?

1988 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Vaglum ◽  
Per Vaglum ◽  
Øivind Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Drinking Pattern ◽  
The Other ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Family Risk Factors ◽  
Family Risk ◽  
Alcohol Abusers ◽  
Female Employees ◽  
Family Variables

95 non alcoholic female employees were personally interviewed and divided into three drinking pattern groups with an increasing level of alcohol consumption: the traditional feminine drinking group (TF) ( n=28), the new feminine drinking group (NF) ( n=37), and the masculine drinking group (M) ( n=30). The groups were compared on family variables which may be regarded as risk factors of alcoholism. The results show an inverse relationship between family risk factors and consumption level, the TF-group having significantly more risk factors than the other two groups. The TF-women more often came from families where the mother and her parents were abstainers, while the father and his parents were more often alcohol abusers or not abstainers. The TF-women were more often attached to their alcoholic fathers as children, while the M-women were more often attached to their mothers. The choice of drinking pattern may be inversely related to the frequency of family risk factors among non alcoholic women.

Identification of Family Risk Factors of Obesity in Urban Adolescents of North India

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Mohinder Singh ◽  
SuryaKant Mathur ◽  
Manish Taneja ◽  
Baljeet Maini
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urban Adolescents ◽  
North India ◽  
Family Risk Factors ◽  
Family Risk

Gestational and family risk factors for carriers of congenital heart defects in southern Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Diehl Zen ◽  
Rafael Fabiano Machado Rosa ◽  
Paulo Ricardo Gazzola Zen ◽  
Patrícia Trevisan ◽  
Alessandra Pawelec da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Congenital Heart Defects ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Family Risk Factors ◽  
Family Risk

scholarly journals Exploring the Contribution of Proximal Family Risk Factors on SLC6A4 DNA Methylation in Children with a History of Maltreatment: A Preliminary Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12736
Author(s):  
Francesco Craig ◽  
Eleonora Mascheroni ◽  
Roberto Giorda ◽  
Maria Grazia Felline ◽  
Maria Grazia Bacco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Criminal History ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Child Victims ◽  
Family Risk Factors ◽  
Family Risk ◽  
History Of

The cumulative effects of proximal family risk factors have been associated with a high number of adverse outcomes in childhood maltreatment, and DNA methylation of the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) has been associated with child maltreatment. However, the relationships between proximal family risk factors and SLC6A4 methylation remains unexplored. We examined the association among cumulative family risk factors, maltreatment experiences and DNA methylation in the SLC6A4 gene in a sample of 33 child victims of maltreatment. We computed a cumulative family risk (CFR) index that included proximal family risk factors, such as drug or alcohol abuse, psychopathology, parents’ experiences of maltreatment/abuse in childhood, criminal history, and domestic violence. The majority of children (90.9%) experienced more than one type of maltreatment. Hierarchical regression models suggested that the higher the CFR index score and the number of maltreatment experiences, and the older the children, the higher the SLC6A4 DNA methylation levels. Although preliminary, our findings suggest that, along with childhood maltreatment experiences per se, cumulative proximal family risk factors are seemingly critically associated with DNA methylation at the SLC6A4 gene.

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