scholarly journals Exploring the Contribution of Proximal Family Risk Factors on SLC6A4 DNA Methylation in Children with a History of Maltreatment: A Preliminary Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12736
Author(s):  
Francesco Craig ◽  
Eleonora Mascheroni ◽  
Roberto Giorda ◽  
Maria Grazia Felline ◽  
Maria Grazia Bacco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Criminal History ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Child Victims ◽  
Family Risk Factors ◽  
Family Risk ◽  
History Of

The cumulative effects of proximal family risk factors have been associated with a high number of adverse outcomes in childhood maltreatment, and DNA methylation of the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) has been associated with child maltreatment. However, the relationships between proximal family risk factors and SLC6A4 methylation remains unexplored. We examined the association among cumulative family risk factors, maltreatment experiences and DNA methylation in the SLC6A4 gene in a sample of 33 child victims of maltreatment. We computed a cumulative family risk (CFR) index that included proximal family risk factors, such as drug or alcohol abuse, psychopathology, parents’ experiences of maltreatment/abuse in childhood, criminal history, and domestic violence. The majority of children (90.9%) experienced more than one type of maltreatment. Hierarchical regression models suggested that the higher the CFR index score and the number of maltreatment experiences, and the older the children, the higher the SLC6A4 DNA methylation levels. Although preliminary, our findings suggest that, along with childhood maltreatment experiences per se, cumulative proximal family risk factors are seemingly critically associated with DNA methylation at the SLC6A4 gene.

scholarly journals Exploring the Contribution of Proximal Family Risk Factors on SLC6A4 DNA Methylation in Children with a History of Maltreament

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Craig ◽  
Eleonora Mascheroni ◽  
Roberto Giorda ◽  
Maria Grazia Felline ◽  
Maria Grazia Bacco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Family Risk Factors ◽  
Family Risk ◽  
History Of

Exploring the contribution of proximal family risk factors on SLC6A4 DNA methylation in children with a history of maltreatment

Palliative Care for Family Caregivers

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 926-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sorayya Alam ◽  
Breffni Hannon ◽  
Camilla Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Advanced Cancer ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Family Risk Factors ◽  
Family Risk ◽  
Early Palliative Care ◽  
Guide Care

Family caregivers provide substantial care for patients with advanced cancer, while suffering from hidden morbidity and unmet needs. The objectives of this review were to examine risk factors associated with caregiving for patients with advanced cancer, evaluate the evidence for pertinent interventions, and provide a practical framework for palliative care of caregivers in oncology settings. We reviewed studies examining the association of factors at the level of the caregiver, patient, caregiver-patient relationship, and caregiving itself, with adverse outcomes. In addition, we reviewed randomized controlled trials of interventions targeting the caregiver, the caregiver-patient dyad, or the patient and their family. Risk factors for adverse mental health outcomes included those related to the patient’s declining status, symptom distress, and poor prognostic understanding; risk factors for adverse bereavement outcomes included unfavorable circumstances of the patient’s death. Among the 16 randomized trials, the most promising results showed improvement of depression resulting from early palliative care interventions; results for quality of life were generally nonsignificant or showed an effect only on some subscales. Caregiving outcomes included burden, appraisal, and competence, among others, and showed mixed findings. Only three trials measured bereavement outcomes, with mostly nonsignificant results. On the basis of existent literature and our clinical experience, we propose the CARES framework to guide care for caregivers in oncology settings: Considering caregivers as part of the unit of care, Assessing the caregiver’s situation and needs, Referring to appropriate services and resources, Educating about practical aspects of caregiving, and Supporting caregivers through bereavement. Additional trials are needed that are powered specifically for caregiver outcomes, use measures validated for advanced cancer caregivers, and test real-world interventions.

Family Risk Factors of Alcoholism and Drinking Patterns among Non Alcoholic Women: An Inverse Relationship?

1988 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Vaglum ◽  
Per Vaglum ◽  
Øivind Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Drinking Pattern ◽  
The Other ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Family Risk Factors ◽  
Family Risk ◽  
Alcohol Abusers ◽  
Female Employees ◽  
Family Variables

95 non alcoholic female employees were personally interviewed and divided into three drinking pattern groups with an increasing level of alcohol consumption: the traditional feminine drinking group (TF) ( n=28), the new feminine drinking group (NF) ( n=37), and the masculine drinking group (M) ( n=30). The groups were compared on family variables which may be regarded as risk factors of alcoholism. The results show an inverse relationship between family risk factors and consumption level, the TF-group having significantly more risk factors than the other two groups. The TF-women more often came from families where the mother and her parents were abstainers, while the father and his parents were more often alcohol abusers or not abstainers. The TF-women were more often attached to their alcoholic fathers as children, while the M-women were more often attached to their mothers. The choice of drinking pattern may be inversely related to the frequency of family risk factors among non alcoholic women.

Identification of Family Risk Factors of Obesity in Urban Adolescents of North India

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Mohinder Singh ◽  
SuryaKant Mathur ◽  
Manish Taneja ◽  
Baljeet Maini
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urban Adolescents ◽  
North India ◽  
Family Risk Factors ◽  
Family Risk

Childhood trauma and being at-risk for psychosis are associated with higher peripheral endocannabinoids

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 1862-1871 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Appiah-Kusi ◽  
R. Wilson ◽  
M. Colizzi ◽  
E. Foglia ◽  
E. Klamerus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
History Of Childhood ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

AbstractBackgroundEvidence has been accumulating regarding alterations in components of the endocannabinoid system in patients with psychosis. Of all the putative risk factors associated with psychosis, being at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR) has the strongest association with the onset of psychosis, and exposure to childhood trauma has been linked to an increased risk of development of psychotic disorder. We aimed to investigate whether being at-risk for psychosis and exposure to childhood trauma were associated with altered endocannabinoid levels.MethodWe compared 33 CHR participants with 58 healthy controls (HC) and collected information about previous exposure to childhood trauma as well as plasma samples to analyse endocannabinoid levels.ResultsIndividuals with both CHR and experience of childhood trauma had higher N-palmitoylethanolamine (p < 0.001) and anandamide (p < 0.001) levels in peripheral blood compared to HC and those with no childhood trauma. There was also a significant correlation between N-palmitoylethanolamine levels and symptoms as well as childhood trauma.ConclusionsOur results suggest an association between CHR and/or childhood maltreatment and elevated endocannabinoid levels in peripheral blood, with a greater alteration in those with both CHR status and history of childhood maltreatment compared to those with either of those risks alone. Furthermore, endocannabinoid levels increased linearly with the number of risk factors and elevated endocannabinoid levels correlated with the severity of CHR symptoms and extent of childhood maltreatment. Further studies in larger cohorts, employing longitudinal designs are needed to confirm these findings and delineate the precise role of endocannabinoid alterations in the pathophysiology of psychosis.

Prediction and network modelling of self-harm through daily self-report and history of self-injury

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Kyron ◽  
Geoff R. Hooke ◽  
Andrew C. Page
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Wish To Die ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Harm

Abstract Background Self-harm is a significant public health issue, and both our understanding and ability to predict adverse outcomes are currently inadequate. The current study explores how preventative efforts could be aided through short-term prediction and modelling of risk factors for self-harm. Methods Patients (72% female, Mage = 40.3 years) within an inpatient psychiatric facility self-reported their psychological distress, interpersonal circumstances, and wish to live and die on a daily basis during 3690 unique admissions. Hierarchical logistic regressions assessed whether daily changes in self-report and history of self-harm could predict self-harm, with machine learning used to train and test the model. To assess interrelationships between predictors, network and cross-lagged panel models were performed. Results Increases in a wish to die (β = 1.34) and psychological distress (β = 1.07) on a daily basis were associated with increased rates of self-harm, while a wish to die on the day prior [odds ratio (OR) 3.02] and a history of self-harm (OR 3.02) was also associated with self-harm. The model detected 77.7% of self-harm incidents (positive predictive value = 26.6%, specificity = 79.1%). Psychological distress, wish to live and die, and interpersonal factors were reciprocally related over the prior day. Conclusions Short-term fluctuations in self-reported mental health may provide an indication of when an individual is at-risk of self-harm. Routine monitoring may provide useful feedback to clinical staff to reduce risk of self-harm. Modifiable risk factors identified in the current study may be targeted during interventions to minimise risk of self-harm.

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