scholarly journals Varieties of Uberization: How technology and institutions change the organization(s) of late capitalism

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 263178772199519
Author(s):  
Gerald F. Davis ◽  
Aseem Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Organization Theory ◽  
Economic Transition ◽  
The United States ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Employment Relation ◽  
The Us ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
National Economies

Organization theory faces challenges on all sides, yet it is uniquely suited to help understand and guide our current economic transition. In order to make good on this promise, however, organization theory needs to adopt a rigorously comparative approach and to jettison “America first.” Those who organize firms require ingredients that often include capital, labor, supplies, and a rule-bound market for selling. These ingredients in turn bear the imprint of national economies and the institutions that govern and support them. We argue that innovations in information and communication technologies (ICTs) combine with national institutions to guide what firms will look like by shaping what ingredients are available; ultimately, ICTs can fundamentally reorganize institutions such as capital and labor markets. We illustrate this argument with a comparison of how the ridehailing industry (such as Uber and Lyft in the United States) is organized in the US, Sweden, Germany, India, Indonesia, China, and Nigeria. The same basic innovation—a platform that allows riders and drivers to match via smartphone—produces substantially different organizational forms depending on domestic institutions. Moreover, in the US “Uberization” is challenging fundamental aspects of labor markets and the employment relation in industries well beyond ridehailing. The “varieties of Uberization” across national contexts exemplify the kinds of phenomena that organization theorists should be examining right now, if we aim to inform a more humane future.

scholarly journals Challenges to Mismeasurement Explanations for the US Productivity Slowdown

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad Syverson
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prima Facie ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Prima Facie Case ◽  
Productivity Slowdown ◽  
The Us ◽  
Information And Communication

The United States has been experiencing a slowdown in measured labor productivity growth since 2004. A number of commentators and researchers have suggested that this slowdown is at least in part illusory because real output data have failed to capture the new and better products of the past decade. I conduct four disparate analyses, each of which offers empirical challenges to this “mismeasurement hypothesis.” First, the productivity slowdown has occurred in dozens of countries, and its size is unrelated to measures of the countries' consumption or production intensities of information and communication technologies (ICTs, the type of goods most often cited as sources of mismeasurement). Second, estimates from the existing research literature of the surplus created by internet-linked digital technologies fall far short of the $3 trillion or more of “missing output” resulting from the productivity growth slowdown. Third, if measurement problems were to account for even a modest share of this missing output, the properly measured output and productivity growth rates of industries that produce and service ICTs would have to have been multiples of their measured growth in the data. Fourth, while measured gross domestic income has been on average higher than measured gross domestic product since 2004—perhaps indicating workers are being paid to make products that are given away for free or at highly discounted prices—this trend actually began before the productivity slowdown and moreover reflects unusually high capital income rather than labor income (i.e., profits are unusually high). In combination, these complementary facets of evidence suggest that the reasonable prima facie case for the mismeasurement hypothesis faces real hurdles when confronted with the data.

Exploring digital economy: a sociosemiotic perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Hu ◽  
Xitao Hu ◽  
Le Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
The Us ◽  
Core Elements ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Methods ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract Digital technologies have transformed our lives with unimaginable speed and scale, delivering immense opportunities and daunting challenges and leading to the birth of the digital economy. China and the United States (US) are two leading countries in the digital economy in both size and growth rate. This study employs both quantitative and qualitative methods to investigate the similarities and differences between the US and Chinese legislation from a sociosemiotic perspective. By comparing the high frequency words in the two purpose-built corpora, it can be noted that as digital economy, a social sign, has the characteristics of spatiality and temporality. The US federal legislation related to digital economy focuses more on security and protection and has more specific regulations in individual industries, while Chinese legislation is more concerned with the strategy and guideline of development of industries and technologies in digital economy. In the meantime, information infrastructure and information and communication technologies are identified as the foundation and core elements shared in the two countries’ digital economies. Such a corpus-based sociosemiotic exploration of digital economy can shed light on relevant studies in the discourse analysis of legal texts.

scholarly journals THE USE OF THE US DOCTRINE «WORK MADE FOR HIRE» IN THE FIELD OF INFIRMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES IN UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Олександр Довбиш
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Rights ◽  
Information Technology Industry ◽  
Entire Volume ◽  
Technology Industry ◽  
The Us ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Peremptory Norms

The Use of the US doctrine . The global information technology industry is on pace to reach $5.2 trillion in 2020. The United States is the largest tech market in the world, the majority of technology spending (68%) occurs beyond its borders. Ukrainian developers create big part of the intellectual property objects for US.The article touches upon basic issues for the application of US doctrine «work made for hire» in the field of information and communication technologies(ICT) in Ukraine. Many conflicts arise in legislation during the relationship between private law rules of several states. Therefore, the historical conditions of the doctrine, its concept and content, the main elements, and the possibility of its application to IPR in the field of ICT are analyzed.US law guarantees the protection of the author's rights. But doctrine is an exception to that rule. However, in the field of ICT, when concluding contracts, the jurisdiction and law of the country are always consistent. That is why the application of the doctrine of «work made for hire» in the terms of the contract will result in a «proper violation» of peremptory norms, which will deprive the author of the entire volume of rights to the work and make it impossible to defend in court. Due to the fact thatthere is no reliable source of information, new cases arise that require new decisions that are not provided for by law.Particular attention is devoted to comparing the American doctrine of «work made for hire» in contracts with the Ukrainian executor of works. There is no doubt that such conformity is an evaluation concept and requires expertise in ICT.In conclusion, it was proved that the full application of the concept of «work made for hire» in the conditions of the current Ukrainian legislation is impossible. Because it contradicts the peremptory norms of Ukrainian law, allows the interested party to circumvent these norms, without any consequences, depriving the author of legal rights, difficulties arise when trying to recognize copyright in court. Conversely, it is possible to prevent the resolution of conflicts of law under the condition of proper andconsistent conclusion of contracts.

Immediacy and openness in a digital Africa: Networked-convergent journalisms in Kenya

Journalism ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 674-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Okoth Fred Mudhai
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
New Information ◽  
The Us ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
African Media ◽  
Alternative Spaces

Before the US crackdown on the WikiLeaks website in 2010, the narrative of freedom dominating discourses on uneasy deployment of new information and communication technologies (ICTs) in journalism was more prevalent in Africa – and developing regions – than in advanced democracies. Little wonder WikiLeaks did not, at least initially, include African media partners in their potent 2010 ‘cablegate’ exposés. From the 1996 Zambian government ban of the Post online to the recent onslaughts on bloggers in parts of the continent, ICT uses in journalism have reflected national contexts, with restrictions often resulting in self-censorship, as well as innovations that borrow from and build on global developments. This ‘glocal’ context perspective defines the review here of the new media use in journalism in Africa with an examination of Kenyan media coverage – mainly between the 2005 and 2010 constitutional referenda. The focus is on coverage by two leading newspapers as they strive to keep up with emerging alternative spaces of networked online expression. The aim here is to determine the extent to which the coverage reflects immediacy and openness in a networked and converged environment, with implications for democracy. The article employs a comparative approach and qualitative content-genre analysis.

Migration and the Internet

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas John Cooke ◽  
Ian Shuttleworth
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Using Data ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Dynamics Models

It is widely presumed that information and communication technologies, or ICTs, enable migration in several ways; primarily by reducing the costs of migration. However, a reconsideration of the relationship between ICTs and migration suggests that ICTs may just as well hinder migration; primarily by reducing the costs of not moving.  Using data from the US Panel Study of Income Dynamics, models that control for sources of observed and unobserved heterogeneity indicate a strong negative effect of ICT use on inter-state migration within the United States. These results help to explain the long-term decline in internal migration within the United States.

Universality, Quality & Economics: Finding a Balance in Ontario and British Columbia

1994 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 203-229
Author(s):  
John D. Blum
Keyword(s):  
Health Reform ◽  
New Ventures ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Price ◽  
Social Programs ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
High Expectations ◽  
The Us ◽  
Acceptable Model ◽  
National Economies

National economies worldwide are in disarray, evidenced by escalating debts and growing deficits. As countries struggle with their faltering economies they are hard pressed to fulfill commitments of social programs made in more prosperous times, much less take on new government initiatives. The current experiences in health reform in the United States present an interesting example of the dilemmas governments now face when they embark on new ventures. While great political pressures have been launched and high expectations abound, the reality of American health reform quickly reveals that expanded access will come at a high price that won't be offset easily by conventional cost containment or market forces.In the search for an acceptable model for health reform, it was popular for policy makers and academics to turn their attentions to the health systems of other nations. Recommendations were made that the US should adopt a German or Canadian solution for our health problems.

scholarly journals Bibliometric Study of Technology and Occupational Health in Healthcare Sector: A Worldwide Trend to the Future

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6732
Author(s):  
Esther Vaquero-Álvarez ◽  
Antonio Cubero-Atienza ◽  
Pilar Ruiz-Martínez ◽  
Manuel Vaquero-Abellán ◽  
María Dolores Redel Mecías ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bibliometric Study ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Hospital Epidemiology ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Information And Communication

Since the eighties, technological tools have modified how people interact in their environment. At the same time, occupational safety and health measures have been widely applied. The European Agency for Safety and Health at Work considers that information and communication technologies are the main methods to achieve the goals proposed to improve working life and the dissemination of good practices. The principal objective was to determine the trends of publications focused on these technologies and occupational safety in the healthcare sector during the last 30 years. A bibliometric study was carried out. The 1021 documents showed an increased trend per country, especially for the United States (p < 0.001) and year (p < 0.001). The citations per year showed significant differences between citations of articles published before 2007 (p < 0.001). The year was also linked to the increase or decrease of articles (72.2%) and reviews (14.9%) (p < 0.001). The analysis of journal co-citations also showed that the main journals (such as Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology) were linked to other important journals and had a major part in the clusters formed. All these findings were discussed in the manuscript and conclusions were drawn.

New tools for developing the living environment (based on materials of Gaidar Forum – 2021)

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
NATALYA YASKOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
New Business ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Government ◽  
National Economies ◽  
Expert Community

The pandemic has become the reason for structural reforms as well as for discussing many issues by the expert community. In this regard, the Gaidar Forum – 2021 became the very platform where experts in various fields of knowledge could meet. Specialists discussed such issues as sustainable development problems, the innovative focus of development, the introduction of IT technologies, restructuring of national economies, new business models, etc. Most of the questions, one way or another, concern the problem of the evolution of the living environment. These are the questions that were presented by the experts of the “Building together” discussion platform. Analyzing the results of the construction complex, which ensures the implementation of the national project “Housing and the Urban Environment”, made it possible to identify the nature of further measures taken by the Government of the Russian Federation in order to create a competitive living environment. Experts systematized the prospects for business models of investment and construction activities involved in the development of territories, identified new tools for enhancing investment activity, and focused the attention of the authorities on information and communication technologies used in modeling the living environment.

Rules for State Conduct in the Cyber Domain

2019 ◽  
pp. 203-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Raymond
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Internet Governance ◽  
Lower Priority ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Conscious Process ◽  
Rule Making ◽  
Governance Arrangements

This chapter explains the puzzling 2013 agreement of the UN Group of Governmental Experts (GGE) on cybersecurity that existing international law applies to state military use of information and communication technologies (ICTs), and the 2015 GGE report that extended the consensus reached in 2013. These important developments in the emergence of rules and norms for cyberspace took place despite deteriorating relations between the United States and Russia. They also took place despite increasing global contention over Internet governance and cybersecurity issues more broadly, and occurred with less controversy than related (but lower-priority) Internet governance issues. The chapter argues that the 2013 and 2015 GGE reports were reached in large part as a result of a conscious process of rule-making and interpretation structured by agreed-upon secondary rules, and that the timing of the agreements reflected emerging consensus among participants despite remaining divergence on substantive preferences about governance arrangements for cyberspace.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document