Evaluation of methods for determining heavy metal content in polyethylene terephthalate food packaging

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley Goodlaxson ◽  
Greg Curtzwiler ◽  
Keith Vorst
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Content ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Acid Digestion ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Digestion Methods

Increased consumer awareness of heavy metal content in virgin and post-consumer recycled polymers for direct food-contact packaging has necessitated developing analytical methods that identify and quantify heavy metals. Two common acid digestion methods incompletely digest polyethylene terephthalate samples and, thus, additional methods are required to properly analyze polyethylene terephthalate. This study developed two modified microwave-assisted acid digestion methods resulting in complete polyethylene terephthalate digestion, which subsequently produced visually clear solutions. Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry analysis of the completely digested polyethylene terephthalate resulted in heavy metal concentrations statistically higher for lead and antimony than for the methods that did not completely digest the polyethylene terephthalate polymer. This study indicates that previously published research results might have unintentionally created bias toward lower heavy metal contamination in polymers used for food packaging. This is of concern when considering end-of-life disposal for food packaging with regulatory threshold levels for specific and total heavy metal content.

scholarly journals Analisis Kandungan Logam Berat Pada Ikan Kakap Putih (Lates calcarifer Bloch) di Perairan Mimika Papua

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 256
Author(s):  
Rosye H.R. Tanjung ◽  
Suwito Suwito ◽  
Vita Purnamasari ◽  
Suharno Suharno
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Heavy Metal Content ◽  
Lates Calcarifer ◽  
Tailings Sand

Kebutuhan bahan pangan sangat tergantung pada ketersediaanya di lingungan. Bahan pangan yang diperlukan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sehari-hari harus sehat dan bebas dari bahan pencemar, termasuk logam berat. Ikan kakap putih (Lates calcarifer) sering dijumpai pada kawasan muara sungai di hampir seluruh wilayah Indonesia, bahkan di Papua. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji kandungan logam berat Pb, Cd, Cu, Fe, As, dan Hg pada ikan kakap putih (L. calcarifer) yang hidup di perairan estuari Mimika Papua. Perairan estuari di Mimika diketahui sebagai salah satu daerah pengendapan pasir sisa tambang (tailing). Metode yang digunakan adalah survei dan analisis laboratorium kandungan logam berat pada tubuh ikan. Analisis Pb, Cd, Cu, Fe, As, dan Hg ditentukan dengan spektroskopi serapan atom (AAS, Atomic Absorpsion Spectroscopy). Penentuan tingkat pencemaran logam berat dilakukan dengan Metode Standar APHA 3113 Cetac Technologies SPR IDA. Analisis data dilakukan dengan membandingkan kandungan logam berat dalam air dengan baku mutu air laut menurut SK MNLH No. 51 tahun 2004. Untuk kandungan logam berat pada organ tubuh ikan dibandingkan dengan kandungan maksimum logam berat berdasarkan SNI 7387: 2009 tentang batas maksimum cemaran logam berat bahan pangan. Kandungan logam berat pada ikan kakap putih masih tergolong aman dikonsumsi karena mengandung logam berat di bawah ambang batas baku mutu. Kondisi ini didukung oleh hasil analisis logam berat pada air yang menunjukkan masih dalam kondisi baik.   Kata kunci: L. calcarifer, logam berat, Sungai Kamora, Sungai Ajkwa, Mimika.   The need for food depends on the availability in the environment. Foods needed to meet daily needs should be healthy and free of pollutants, including heavy metals. White snapper (Lates calcarifer) is often found in the estuary of the river in almost all parts of Indonesia, even in Papua. The purpose of this research is to study the heavy metal content of Pb, Cd, Cu, Fe, As, and Hg on white snapper (L. calcarifer) which live in Mimika Papua estuary waters. The estuary waters of Mimika are known as one of the deposition areas of tailings sand. The method used is survey and laboratory analysis of heavy metal content in fish body. Analysis of Pb, Cd, Cu, Fe, and Hg was determined by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Determination of the level of heavy metal contamination was done by Standard Method of APHA 3113 Cetac Technologies SPR IDA. Data analysis was done by comparing the heavy metal content in water with sea water quality standard according to SK MNLH No. 51 year 2004. For heavy metal content in fish body organs compared with maximum content of heavy metals based on SNI 7387: 2009 on the maximum limit of heavy metal food contamination. The content of heavy metals in white snapper is still considered safe for consumption because its below the quality standard threshold. This condition is supported by the results of heavy metal analysis on the water which shows still in good condition. Key words: L. calcarifer, heavy metal, Kamora River, Ajkwa River, Mimika.

Heavy Metal Contamination of Soil in Zhuzhou Smelting

2014 ◽  
Vol 926-930 ◽  
pp. 4246-4249
Author(s):  
Jing Yi Wang ◽  
Jiang Xue Long ◽  
Hong Wei Lu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Zinc Sulfide ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Microwave Digestion ◽  
Heavy Metal Content ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Production Areas

To date, environmental issues become increasingly prominent, especially heavy metal (Pb and Zn) pollution of soil. This paper describes the procedure of detecting heavy metal content in soil from Zhuzhou Smelting in order to understand the contamination degree of heavy metals. An extensive soil survey was conducted in the plant include lead and zinc major production areas. Microwave digestion and ICP-AES technology were used to test metal content in soil. The results revealed that the soil in the area had been polluted by Pb and Zn, however, the pollution degree of each type of metals was not identical. In general, the Smelting was slightly polluted by heavy metals, with the highest concentration being in the Zinc sulfide plant. The heavy metal content in deep soil was a little bit higher than surface except for the Zinc sulfide plant. The reason may related to its particular location.

scholarly journals Chemometric approach to evaluate heavy metals’ content in Daucus Carota from different localities in Serbia

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 643-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violeta Mitic ◽  
Vesna Stankov-Jovanovic ◽  
Snezana Tosic ◽  
Aleksandra Pavlovic ◽  
Jelena Cvetkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Heavy Metal Content ◽  
Chemometric Methods ◽  
Chemometric Approach ◽  
Components Analysis

The aim of this study was to evaluate heavy metal content in carrots (Daucus carota) from the different localities in Serbia and assess by the cluster analysis (CA) and principal components analysis (PCA) the heavy metal contamination of carrots from these areas. Carrot was collected at 13 locations in five districts. Chemometric methods (CA and PCA) were applied to classify localities according to heavy metal content in carrots. CA separated localities into two statistical significant clusters. PCA permitted the reduction of 12 variables to four principal components explaining 79.94% of the total variance. The first most important principal component was strongly associated with the value of Cu, Sb, Pb and Tl. This study revealed that CA and PCA appear useful tools for differentiation of localities in different districts using the profile of heavy metal in carrot samples.

Assessment of Heavy Metal Content in PM10 at Amphoe Mueang Pathum Thani Province in Thailand

2015 ◽  
Vol 804 ◽  
pp. 223-226
Author(s):  
Woranuch Deelaman ◽  
Chutamas Choomchuay
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Heavy Metal Content ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Sampling Station

Pathumthani is a metropolitan area where has a lot of industries and agricultures. The aim of this work was to study the assessment of heavy metal content in PM10 (particulate matter ≤ 10 mm) at Amphoe Muang Pathumthani Province. The samples of PM10 (particulate matter ≤ 10 mm) were collected in 7 stations during February to March 2013. The particles were trapped on glass fiber filters using high volume samplers. The concentration of heavy metals was evaluated by using the Inductively Coupled Plasma - Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). The results showed that the concentration of heavy metals in PM10 was BDL-0.41 µg/m3. Zinc, a heavy metal, was found in every sampling station. The order-average concentration of heavy metals in atmospheric air, at Amphoe Muang Pathumthani, was Zn > Cu > Mn > Ba > Ni > Cd.

scholarly journals Evaluation of heavy metal content in water and removal of metals using native isolated bacterial strains

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laila Ibrahim ◽  
REZAN OMER RASHED ◽  
SIRWAN MUHSIN MUHAMMED
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Heavy Metal Content ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Water Quality Criteria ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Bacterial Strains

Abstract. Saleh LIF, Rashed RO, Muhammed SM. 2021. Evaluation of heavy metal content in water and removal of metals using native isolated bacterial strains. Biodiversitas 22: 3163-3174. Natural surface water sources are susceptible to chemical contamination, including heavy metals. The goals of this study were to isolate naturally occurring heavy metal-tolerant bacteria by evaluating their ability to remove heavy metals from Tanjaro River and assessing the river’s water quality. The potency of bacteria to remove heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, Ni, Zn, Co, and Fe) from the medium was conducted by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. Results of physicochemical parameters of the water samples were as follows: temperature 11.9–31°C, pH 6.1–8.64, total dissolved solids 268–464 mg.l-1, total hardness 232–485 mg.l-1, and alkalinity 122–324.3 mg.l-1. The overall mean concentrations of the heavy metals were in the order of Zn >Cu> Pb> Ni> Co> Fe> Cr> Cd), with values of 0.086, 0.073, 0.71, 0.068, 0.051, 0.056, 0.031, and 0.024ppm, respectively Moreover, the concentrations were generally exceeded the water quality criteria of WHO in some observations. The isolates included both gram-negative (56.5%) and gram-positive (43.5%) bacteria. The isolates displayed different degrees of resistance to heavy metals with maximum tolerable concentrations (MTCs) ranging from (10-250) ppm. Bacillus safensis and Leucobacter chromiiresistens were respectively able to tolerate (80, 90 ppm) Cd, (250, 160 ppm) Pb, (210,100 ppm) Cr, (110, 90 ppm) Ni and (160, 170 ppm) Co, while, Proteus mirabilis could tolerate 90 ppm Cd. The isolates were able to remove 55.4%Pb, 53.1%Cr, 53.7%Ni, 47.7Fe, 61.4%Co, and 55.8% Cu from a medium supplemented with the mixture of these heavy metals. The finding of this study indicated that Tanjaro River was undergoing frequent changes in water quality. Native bacterial isolates possessed considerable tolerance to selected heavy metals, which provides promising candidates for use in bioremediation.

Biomonitoring and assessment of heavy metal contamination of streams and reservoirs in the Dyje/Thaya river basin, Czech Republic

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Žáková ◽  
E. Kočková
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Heavy Metal Content ◽  
Water Bloom ◽  
Substantial Part

Monitoring of heavy metal content (Pb, Hg, Cd) in biomass of water plants (algae, mosses, macrophytes) and sediments had been carried out in the Dyje/Thaya River basin during 1992-1994. Heavy metal content was investigated in all the more abundant species or groups of plants in 14 localities along the entire Dyje/Thaya River. High heavy metal concentrations were also measured in sediments and in algal water bloom (Cyanophyta) in Vranov and Nové Mlýny Reservoirs. A substantial part of lead, mercury and cadmium contamination in the Dyje/Thaya River basin has its origin in the non-point sources of pollution such as atmospheric deposition, application in agriculture of mineral fertilisers containing trace elements, preservation of cereal grains before planting with mercury agent until 1990, etc. Despite the fact that atmospheric deposition of lead from traffic emissions has been decreasing, in 1992-1994 it represented probably the largest source of lead in the Dyje/Thaya River basin.

scholarly journals Analysis of Leading Metal (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) Content Green Shells (perna viridis L.) in the Kreneng Market

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
A. A. Istri Mirah Dharmadewi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Content ◽  
Perna Viridis ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Wet Ashing ◽  
Maximum Limit

This research was conducted to determine the content of heavy metals lead (Pb) and  Cadmium (Cd) in green shells circulating in the kreneng market. Samples of green shells were taken from the kreneng market, Bali. Then analysis of the content of lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) in the Analytical Laboratory of Udayana University. Samples of green mussels (Perna viridis L.) Were opened from the shell to take the meat. Furthermore, the sample is mashed by chopping and pounding and put into erlenmeyer. Each sample was given 3 repetitions using the factorial pattern RAL. Then with a wet ashing process (wet destruction). The results showed that the heavy metal content of lead and cadmium in green mussels (Perna viridis L.) Exceeded the maximum limit of heavy metal contamination. The heavy metal content of lead (Pb) shellfish taken at the Kreneng Market is 29.595 mg / kg while the heavy metal content of cadmium (Cd) taken at the Kreneng market is 3.41 mg / kg the result of the heavy metal content analyzed exceeds the predetermined by the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency (BPOM).

scholarly journals Evaluation of Lead, Cadmium and Nickel Contamination in Lactuca Sativa Cultivated in Savadkooh Region, Iran

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Gharibi, Azadeh ◽  
Khakipour, Nazanin
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Heavy Metal Content ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Nickel Concentration ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Lead And Cadmium

Aims: To investigate the level of heavy metal contamination in the lettuce cultivated in Place: Savadkooh County in Mazandaran, Iran. Methodology: five samples were taken from the lettuce produced in this area and also from the soils in which they were cultivated, and the concentrations of Nickel, Lead, and Cadmium were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the measured data. Data analysis was performed by SPSS ver.16 at the 0.05 significance level. Results: The highest lead concentration, 0.07ppm, was observed in the sample No. 5 (Lettuce 5), the highest cadmium concentration, 0.008ppm, was measured in the sample No. 2 (Lettuce 2), and the highest nickel concentration, 0.07ppm, was observed in the samples No. 1 and 4 (Lettuce 1 and Lettuce 4). Conclusion: The results of this study show that while all the lettuces cultivated in the Savadkooh region contain some amounts of nickel, cadmium, and lead, these amounts are much lower than the limits specified in Iran’s national standard, and therefore these products are perfectly safe to consume. Also, the concentration of each heavy metal in the lettuces was found to be directly correlated with the corresponding concentration in the soil in which they were grown, indicating that the heavy metal content of the products increases with the increasing heavy metal content of the soil.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document