Graphically Modeling the Prehistory of Regional Interactions in the Moquegua Valley, Southern Peru

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirk E. Costion ◽  
Ulrike Matthies Green
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Interaction ◽  
Middle Horizon ◽  
Southern Peru ◽  
Intermediate Period ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Moquegua Valley

The Cross-Cultural Interaction Model was first developed specifically to help model the cultural interactions taking place in the Moquegua Valley of Southern Peru during the culturally dynamic early Middle Horizon. This chapter highlights the flexibility of the Cross-Cultural Interaction Model by using it to illustrate how regional interactions changed throughout the prehistoric sequence of this region. The Moquegua drainage is the easiest route from the highlands of the Southern Titicaca altiplano to the Pacific Ocean; in addition the middle Moquegua Valley is ideal for large-scale maize agriculture. As a result, regional interactions have been an integral element in this region’s cultural evolution. Starting with the Archaic Period and continuing through the Late Intermediate Period this chapter graphically explores the nature of the regional interactions that took place in each time period and how these interactions shaped the cultural landscape of the Moquegua Valley over time

A Porous Line

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Matthies Green ◽  
Kirk E. Costion
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Interaction ◽  
Cultural Exchanges ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Line P

This chapter introduces the Cross-Cultural Interaction Model (CCIM), which was designed to more clearly expose the processes that occur in the multicultural contexts of colonization, frontiers, and ancient borderlands. The model can visually represent simultaneous interactions by numerous participants and explores the various ways in which people interact and what motivates their participation in cultural exchanges. This chapter reviews the theoretical origins of the CCIM, describes how it works, and how it has changed since its inception. Second, the chapter briefly introduces each of the case studies in this volume which serve to showcase the versatility of the CCIM.

Using a Graphic Model to Explore the Range of Cross-Cultural Interaction in Ancient Borderlands

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Matthies Green ◽  
Kirk E. Costion
Keyword(s):  
Culture Contact ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Interaction ◽  
Middle Horizon ◽  
Graphic Model ◽  
Indigenous Perspectives ◽  
Moquegua Valley ◽  
Peripheral Areas

In order to illuminate the complexities of culture contact in colonial settings it is not enough to simply shift one’s research onto the periphery, instead it is imperative that these peripheral areas are also viewed as interaction zones in their own right. This chapter presents a graphic model for representing a range of cross-cultural interaction designed specifically to address archaeologists’ challenges of conceptualizing several types of cross-cultural interaction in the cultural and geographic borderlands at the frontiers of the influence sphere of expansive states or colonial powers. The model’s design allows for the numerous simultaneous levels of interaction, which reflects the intricate nature of cultural contacts, and which considers indigenous perspectives in tandem with colonial aspirations. The model’s utility is illustrated through research from the early Middle Horizon (ca. A.D. 550–800) in the Moquegua Valley, Peru, a borderland between the Wari and Tiwanaku States.

Modeling Complex Cultural Encounters in Contact and Colonial Greenland, 1690–1900

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Andreas Toft
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Cultural Exchange ◽  
Glass Beads ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Interaction ◽  
Cultural Encounters ◽  
Main Motivation ◽  
New Material ◽  
The Cross

In the wake of European whaling and the presence of Danish colonists and missionaries, the Greenlandic Inuit were facing not only foreign people but also a new material culture in the form of European commodities between 1690 and 1900. Trade was the main motivation for these cultural encounters, but the nature and duration of local encounters affected Inuit use and reception of foreign things. This cultural exchange cannot be reduced to the simple dichotomy of Inuit and Europeans. Many groups were involved on both sides, and foreign commodities were accompanied by Europeans in some areas, whereas Inuit groups acted as middlemen in others. This chapter discusses the applicability of the Cross-Cultural Interaction Model to complex Contact and Colonial encounters based on the cultural biographies of glass beads, barrel hoops, and iron objects transformed into ulos (women’s knives) in the Historic Thule Culture.

scholarly journals Multicultural Education of Students as an Important Part of Education

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Izida I. Ishmuradova ◽  
Alfiya M. Ishmuradova
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Multicultural Education ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Professional Competencies ◽  
Cultural Interaction ◽  
Multicultural Competencies ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Education Of Students ◽  
Positive Effect

This article is about the improvement of the cross-cultural interaction of students. It is dealt with some country studies projects. It is shown that country studies projects have a positive effect on the process of teaching students. The content of this article can be used to improve the process of teaching a foreign language. results showed that Multicultural competencies of the students are the component of the professional competencies.  Country studies projects, namely: creative works and country studies educational festivals are the effective basis for the formation of multicultural competencies of students.  

Tiwanaku's Legacy: A Chronological Reassessment of the Terminal Middle Horizon in the Moquegua Valley, Peru

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (03) ◽  
pp. 529-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Sharratt
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Continuity ◽  
The Political ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Middle Horizon ◽  
State Collapse ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Late Intermediate Period ◽  
Intermediate Period ◽  
Moquegua Valley

As in other examples of state collapse, political disintegration of the Tiwanaku state circa AD 1000 was accompanied by considerable cultural continuity. In the Moquegua Valley, Peru, the location of the largest Tiwanaku communities outside the altiplano, settlements and practices associated with this postcollapse cultural continuity are termed Tumilaca. Previous research indicated that Tumilaca was short-lived, with all vestiges of Tiwanaku gone from Moquegua's archaeological record by the thirteenth century when the valley was subsequently characterized by Estuquiña-style materials. This article discusses radiocarbon dates from Tumilaca la Chimba, a village established as the political authority of the Tiwanaku state waned. The 21 absolute dates from Tumilaca domestic, public, and funerary contexts span at least 350 years, from the late tenth to the mid-fourteenth centuries AD. They suggest that (1) Tiwanaku-affiliated communities endured well into the later Late Intermediate Period (AD 1200–1470); (2) ongoing debates about the emergence of Estuquiña communities must consider the role of terminal Tiwanaku populations; and (3) analyses of postcollapse continuity can be enhanced by considering peripheral locales and the particularities of continuity.

Cerro Baúl: A Wari Center on the Tiwanaku Frontier

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Ryan Williams
Keyword(s):  
Middle Horizon ◽  
Southern Peru ◽  
Moquegua Valley ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Administrative Center

Andean scholars have long debated the nature of the relationship between two Middle Horizon (ca. A. D. 750-1000) Andean states; many assumed Tiwanaku dominated Wari and preceded Wari in time. Recent research at the Wari administrative center of Cerro Baúl in the only known region occupied by both states (the Moquegua Valley of southern Peru) indicates that Tiwanaku may not predate Wari in Moquegua and that, contrary to previous assertions, both states occupied the valley for the last three centuries of the Middle Horizon. In support of this position, I review recent excavations at Cerro Baúl. Then I present eight new 14C dates and summarize the evidence for two major construction episodes at Cerro Baúl. I interpret the local Wari construction chronology based on the 12 14C dates now available from excavation contexts and I suggest that the new data, in comparison with 24 published 14C dates from other Wari centers, support a later date for Middle Horizon 1B Wari expansion than previously postulated.

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