The effect of calcination temperature on metakaolin structure for the synthesis of zeolites

Clay Minerals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Król ◽  
Piotr Rożek
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Alkali Activation ◽  
Zeolite A ◽  
Optimal Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Scanning Electron

ABSTRACTThe aim of this research was to determine the temperature of kaolin calcination in order to obtain an intermediate product (metakaolin) for the synthesis of geopolymers with potential application as self-supporting zeolitic membranes. The products obtained were analysed with X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The structural analysis of the metakaolins obtained suggested that the optimal temperature for the proposed application is 700°C. After alkali activation of metakaolin, it is possible to obtain zeolite A and hydroxysodalite. The factors analysed, determining the type and quantity of crystalline phases, were activation temperature and concentration of sodium hydroxide solution (activator). The largest amounts of zeolites were obtained by alkali activation with 9 mol/dm3 NaOH solution at 70°C.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Zeolite A employing Amazon kaolin waste

Cerâmica ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (360) ◽  
pp. 409-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. da Silva Filho ◽  
L. Bieseki ◽  
A. R. da Silva ◽  
A. A. B. Maia ◽  
R. A. S. San Gil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Amorphous Materials ◽  
Mas Nmr ◽  
The Other ◽  
Zeolite A ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
27Al Mas Nmr ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract The synthesis of zeolite A employing kaolin waste from paper coating was studied. The kaolin waste was pre-treated at 550 to 800 ºC. For comparison purposes, a sample of zeolite A was also prepared using the IZA procedure. The materials were characterized by 27Al MAS NMR, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy using a microprobe. Pretreatment was necessary, and the best temperatures were between 600 and 700 ºC. The zeolite A formation was observed in all the prepared materials, reaching 52% crystallinity. On the other hand, the sodalite phase and amorphous materials were also formed.

Electrochemical Characteristics of the Amorphous-Nanocrystal Ni–Mo Cathodes in Sodium Hydroxide Solution

2015 ◽  
Vol 667 ◽  
pp. 280-285
Author(s):  
Ning Li ◽  
Jian Meng Huang ◽  
Wei Zeng Chen ◽  
Bin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Hydrogen Evolution ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Electrochemical Characteristics ◽  
Phase Content ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Modern Technologies ◽  
Scanning Electron

The amorphous-nanocrystal Ni-Mo deposits were obtained by electrodeposition in alkaline nickel carbonate solution. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and modern technologies were used to describe the content, microstructure and morphology of the deposits. The electrochemical characteristics of Ni-Mo deposits were electrolyzed in 33°C, 7 mol/L NaOH electrolytic solutions. The results showed that when I was 100 mA·cm−2, the hydrogen evolution potential of Ni-Mo21.76 was lower than amorphous Ni-Mo26.36 and 250mV lower than the nanocrystal Ni cathode. And the Ni-Mo deposits with more amorphous phase content would be in lower hydrogen evolution overpotential, a higher exchange current density, and a better electrolytic stability. These due to the amorphous combined with nanocrystal, lager contact surface and binding energy of Ni-Mo structure.

scholarly journals Growth and Characterization of Ni Nano-Micro Structures in the Presence of Ethylenediamine

Crystals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingxiao Chen ◽  
Hang Liu ◽  
Linghao Liu ◽  
Yifan Zheng ◽  
Haodong Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Alkaline Conditions ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Micro Structures ◽  
Scanning Electron

Ni nano-micro structures have been synthesized via a solution reduction route in the presence of ethylenediamine (EDA) under strong alkaline conditions. The phase composition, morphology, and microstructure of the resulting products are investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The presence of EDA plays an important role in the formation of Ni nano-micro structures, and microflowers or microspheres assembled from nanosized horns can be produced by changing the amount of EDA. The size of Ni nano-micro structures is dependent on the NaOH concentration, and long chains assembled from Ni nano-micro structured microspheres can be obtained by reducing the amount of NaOH solution used. The role of both EDA and NaOH in the reduction of Ni (II) to Ni, as well as in the growth of Ni nano-micro structures, has been discussed, and a possible formation mechanism of these Ni nano-micro structures has been proposed based on the experimental results.

Use of Fly Ash and Cu-Slag from Mexico to Make Alkali Cements and Hybrid Cements

2016 ◽  
Vol 1813 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rendón Belmonte ◽  
A. Palomo Sánchez ◽  
A. Fernández Jiménez ◽  
A. Torres Acosta ◽  
M. Martínez Madrid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Copper Slag ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Scanning Electron

ABSTRACTThis paper focus on evaluating the ability to use Mexican fly ash (FA) and copper slag (CS) to produce alkali cements (0% OPC) or hybrid cements (20% OPC + 80% fly ash). The alkali activators used were two: 8 M NaOH solution for alkali cements and NaCl with sodium silicate for hybrid cement (HYC). Results of mechanical testing and characterization of the reaction products formed after 2 and 28 days are presented and discussed. Mechanical strength in some cases exceeded 20 MPa, at 2 days curing. The chemical characterization techniques used were X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

scholarly journals Enhanced Electrorheological Response of Cellulose: A Double Effect of Modification by Urea-Terminated Silane

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Liu ◽  
Panpan Chen ◽  
Xiao Jin ◽  
Li-Min Wang ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Silicone Oil ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Double Effect ◽  
Natural Polymer ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Modified Cellulose ◽  
Scanning Electron

As a natural polymer with abundant sources, cellulose was one of the earliest applied electrorheological (ER) materials. However, cellulose-based ER materials have not attracted much attention because of their relatively low ER effect and sensitivity to water. In this study, cellulose rods were decorated with a urea-terminated silane, 1-(3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl) urea, after being swelled in sodium hydroxide solution. The morphologies and structures of the cellulose particles were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, confirming the dramatic differences of the treated cellulose particles from the pristine cellulose. Rheological behaviors of the pristine and modified cellulose particles in silicone oil were observed using a rotational rheometer. It was found that the silane-modified cellulose showed higher ER effect and higher dielectric properties than the pristine cellulose particles, which was not only related to the grafted polar molecules but may also be associated with the porous morphologies of the treated cellulose particles.

scholarly journals The use of zinc metalloporphyrin grafted magnetic nanoparticles for the removal of sulfate ions from wastewaters

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
Tahereh Poursaberi ◽  
Ali Akbar Miran Beigi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sulfate Ions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Scanning Electron

This study investigates an application of zinc metalloporphyrin grafted Fe3O4 nanoparticles as a new adsorbent for removal of sulfate ions from wastewaters. The modification of magnetite nanoparticles was conducted by 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane followed by zinc (II) porphyrin in order to enhance the removal of sulfate ions. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize the synthesized nano sorbent. The effect of important experimental factors such as pH, contact time, sorbent dosage and some co-existing anions present in aqueous solutions were investigated. Under optimal conditions (i.e. contact time: 30 min, pH: 6.5 and nanosorbents dosage: 100 mg) for a sulfate sample (50 mL, 50 mgL-1 ) the percentage of the extracted sulfate ions was 94.5%. Regeneration of sulfate adsorbed material could be possible by NaOH solution and the modified magnetic nano sorbent exhibited good reusability.

Preparation of Zeolite A from Natural Stellerite

2012 ◽  
Vol 624 ◽  
pp. 287-290
Author(s):  
Chun Ying Zhang ◽  
Nan Chun Chen ◽  
Xiao Hu Zhang ◽  
Quan Tang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Crystallization Time ◽  
Zeolite A ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
End Products ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Scanning Electron

Zeolite A was prepared from natural stellerite under hydrothermal conditions.The experiments were carried at different crystallization temperatures and times，the experimental results and synthetical factors were analyzed and researched. The end products have been characterized by using FT–IR, X–ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that zeolite A was synthesized on the condition of the crystallization temperature at 90~100°C and the crystallization time for 6 hours with 15% hydrochloric acid of stellerite modifying，according to certain proportion of stellerite.

Electrocatalytic Property for H2O2 Reduction of β-Ni(OH)2 Nanosheets

2012 ◽  
Vol 476-478 ◽  
pp. 1361-1364
Author(s):  
Li Jin Feng ◽  
Xia Wang ◽  
Zhi Ai Yang ◽  
Xu Chun Song
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Electrocatalytic Reduction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Electrocatalytic Property ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Scanning Electron

The β-Ni(OH)2 nanosheets are fabricated by a hydrothermal method. The products are characterized in detail by multiform techniques: X-ray diffraction(XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis(EDS), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). The results show that the obtained products are nanosheets with diameters of 100-200 nm, and thickness ranging from 10nm to 15 nm . The prepared β-Ni(OH)2 nanosheets are used as electrode materials to study the electrocatalytic reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in 0.5 M NaOH solution.

Preparation of SiC Powders by Utilizing Rice Husk Ash from Biomass Cogeneration Plant

2013 ◽  
Vol 634-638 ◽  
pp. 1990-1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Yu Fan ◽  
Wen Jie Yuan ◽  
Cheng Ji Deng ◽  
Hong Xi Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Cogeneration Plant ◽  
Optimal Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Scanning Electron

A large amount of rice husk ash (RHA) is produced in the biomass cogeneration plant using rice husk as fuel. For utilization of this kind of industrial waste, SiC powders were synthesized with RHA and carbon black calcined at the temperature from 1500 to 1650 °C in argon. The phase composition and microstructure of samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of temperature and SiO2/C ratio on the synthesis of SiC powders were investigated. The results show that the formation of SiC increases with SiO2/C ratio increasing as a whole, and SiC whisker appears at the temperature up to 1650 °C. The optimal temperature and SiO2/C ratio are 1550 °C and 5:8 respectively.

Influence of Temperature and Alkaline Activation for Synthesis Zeolite A from Natural Kaolin

2017 ◽  
Vol 751 ◽  
pp. 410-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pimpreeya Thungngern ◽  
Phanwatsa Amnaphiang ◽  
Panuruj Asawaworarit ◽  
Vituruch Goodwin ◽  
Nuwong Chollacoop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Zeolite A ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hydrothermal Technique ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Alkaline Activation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

Zeolite A from natural kaolin have been successfully synthesized via calcination and hydrothermal. However, these techniques have one drawback since, the impurities in kaolin such as muscovite and quartz in the kaolin structure, which depend on temperature and alkaline activation. This work was separated into two steps, first step was used calcination technique, and second step was used hydrothermal technique. Reaction of temperature in the first step was studied the influence of temperature from 500°C to 800°C for 3 hours. In this step, kaolin transformed to metakaolin and remain the impurities. Next, reaction of alkaline activation in second step was studied about the influence of NaOH. The concentration of NaOH in hydrothermal was varied from 1M to 4M and mixed with metakaolin at 90°C for 72 hours. X-ray Diffraction Spectroscopy (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were used for characterization. The solid products were formed to zeolite A at 1M NaOH hydrothermal with 500°C to 800°C calcination and it can be seemed good of euhedral structure at 700°C

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