scholarly journals The Relationship of Bartonella Bacilliformis to the Red Blood Cell as Revealed by Electron Microscopy

Blood ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 708-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
MANUEL CUADRA ◽  
JUAN TAKANO
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Bartonella Bacilliformis ◽  
Coccoid Form ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Ultrathin Sections ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Ultrathin sections of erythrocytosis parasitized by B. bacilliformis have been examined by electron microscopy. The study concerns three Oroya Fever patients whose blood smears showed B. bacilliformis predominantly in its coccoid form as parastizing over 70 per cent of the red cells. B. bacilliformis is termed as a bacterium in its structure and appears to lie not only on the host red cells but predominantly within them. Therefore, this organism might have the capacity to penetrate into the red cell. This finding does not change the basic concept regarding the mechanism of the anemia of Oroya Fever.

scholarly journals Resistance of Reticulocytes and Young Erythrocytes to the Action of Specific Hemolytic Serum

Blood ◽  
1952 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 602-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. O. CRUZ ◽  
P. C. JUNQUEIRA
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Normal Animal ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Normal Adult ◽  
Severe Anemia ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Photoelectric Method ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract A photoelectric method is used to determine the degree of hemolysis produced by specific hemolytic serum on erythrocytes of dogs, taking as a standard the amount required for 50 per cent hemolysis. The requirement of the normal dog red blood cell is 1.2 cu. ml. (±0.7 cu. ml.) of hemolytic serum, under the conditions described in the method. The red cells of dogs given a sufficient dose of acetylphenylhydrazine to produce a severe anemia, followed by an intense period of blood regeneration, required an amount of hemolytic serum about two to four times greater than in the normal animal (values from 3.0 to 4.8 cu. ml. of hemolytic serum are recorded). This result shows that the reticulocytes and young erythrocytes are much more resistant than the normal adult red cell to the action of hemolytic serum. It was possible by this technic to concentrate the reticulocytes in vitro, destroying selectively the adult erythrocytes of a sample of blood by an appropriate amount of specific hemolytic serum. The relationship between these results and the high reticulocytosis observed during crisis in hemolytic jaundice is discussed.

Studies on Leukemogenic and Sarcomagenic Viruses

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 156-157
Author(s):  
Leon Dmochowski
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Mode Of Development ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Electron microscopy has proved to be an invaluable discipline in studies on the relationship of viruses to the origin of leukemia, sarcoma, and other types of tumors in animals and man. The successful cell-free transmission of leukemia and sarcoma in mice, rats, hamsters, and cats, interpreted as due to a virus or viruses, was proved to be due to a virus on the basis of electron microscope studies. These studies demonstrated that all the types of neoplasia in animals of the species examined are produced by a virus of certain characteristic morphological properties similar, if not identical, in the mode of development in all types of neoplasia in animals, as shown in Fig. 1.

scholarly journals DNA AND THE FINE STRUCTURE OF SYNAPTIC CHROMOSOMES IN THE DOMESTIC ROOSTER (GALLUS DOMESTICUS)

1964 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Coleman ◽  
Montrose J. Moses
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Meiotic Prophase ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Feulgen Staining ◽  
Synaptinemal Complex ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The indium trichloride method of Watson and Aldridge (38) for staining nucleic acids for electron microscopy was employed to study the relationship of DNA to the structure of the synaptinemal complex in meiotic prophase chromosomes of the domestic rooster. The selectivity of the method was demonstrated in untreated and DNase-digested testis material by comparing the distribution of indium staining in the electron microscope to Feulgen staining and ultraviolet absorption in thicker sections seen with the light microscope. Following staining by indium, DNA was found mainly in the microfibril component of the synaptinemal complex. When DNA was known to have been removed from aldehyde-fixed material by digestion with DNase, indium stainability was also lost. However, staining of the digested material with non-selective heavy metal techniques demonstrated the presence of material other than DNA in the microfibrils and showed that little alteration in appearance of the chromosome resulted from DNA removal. The two dense lateral axial elements of the synaptinemal complex, but not the central one to any extent, also contained DNA, together with non-DNA material.

Cytogenetic, anatomical and blood group studies of sheep twin chimaeras

1970 ◽  
Vol 175 (1039) ◽  
pp. 183-200 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Group ◽  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
X Protein ◽  
Blood Grouping

Karyotyping and blood grouping methods were used to identify sheep twin chimaeras. Evidence that an exchange of blood cell precursors (the origin of chimaerism) had taken place in utero was obtained by examining lymphocytes in culture and finding the chromosomes of both sexes in one individual, or by finding admixture of red cell antigens, haemoglobin or ‘X ’ protein. Where chimaerism of sex chromosomes was found the pairs had identical red cell types, but two separate populations of red cells were not always identifiable. The four females in the pairs studied were freemartins. No correlation was found between the relative proportions of the two red cell populations and those of the two white cell populations. In one pair of chimaeric ewes, breeding tests showed that the major red cell populations in each case were the true genetic type. In the freemartins no correlation was found between the degree of masculinity and the numbers of male lymphocytes. A possible correlation of masculinity with red cell proportions is discussed.

scholarly journals Plasma and Red Cell Reference Intervals of 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate of Healthy Adults in Whom Biochemical Functional Deficiencies of Folate and Vitamin B12Had Been Excluded

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Sobczyńska-Malefora ◽  
Dominic J. Harrington ◽  
Kieran Voong ◽  
Martin J. Shearer
Keyword(s):  
Methylmalonic Acid ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Molecular Forms ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Plasma Measurements ◽  
Functional Deficiency

5-Methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) is the predominant form of folate and a strong determinant of homocysteine concentrations. There is evidence that suboptimal 5-MTHF availability is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease independent of homocysteine. The analysis of folates remains challenging and is almost exclusively limited to the reporting of “total” folate rather than individual molecular forms. The purpose of this study was to establish the reference intervals of 5-MTHF in plasma and red cells of healthy adults who had been prescreened to exclude biochemical evidence of functional deficiency of folate and/or vitamin B12. Functional folate and vitamin B12status was assessed by respective plasma measurements of homocysteine and methylmalonic acid in 144 healthy volunteers, aged 19–64 years. After the exclusion of 10 individuals, values for 134 subjects were used to establish the upper reference limits for homocysteine (13 μmol/L females and 15 μmol/L males) and methylmalonic acid (430 nmol/L). Subjects with values below these cutoffs were designated as folate and vitamin B12replete and their plasma and red cell 5-MTHF reference intervals determined,N=126: 6.6–39.9 nmol/L and 223–1041 nmol/L, respectively. The application of these intervals will assist in the evaluation of folate status and facilitate studies to evaluate the relationship of 5-MTHF to disease.

Binding of Tetrahymena dynein to axonemes of Marsilea vestita lacking the outer dynein arm

1985 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 299-310
Author(s):  
J.S. Hyams
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Marsilea Vestita ◽  
Thin Section Electron Microscopy ◽  
Section Electron ◽  
And Function ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Axonemes from the heterosporous water fern Marsilea vestita were fixed in the presence of tannic acid and examined by thin-section electron microscopy. Transverse sections revealed the normal 9+2 configuration except for the absence of the outer of the two dynein arms. Both arms were normally preserved in parallel preparations of Chlamydomonas axonemes. Isolated dynein from the ciliated protozoon Tetrahymena bound to Marsilea axonemes at the site normally occupied by the outer arm. Dynein binding was partially reversed by ATP as judged by both electron microscopy and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This system should provide a valuable insight into the biochemistry and function of the inner dynein arm and the relationship of the two arms to motility in more conventionally equipped axonemes.

scholarly journals Hemoglobin L Ferrara in a Jewish Family Associated with a Hemolytic State in the Propositus

Blood ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
RONALD L. NAGEL ◽  
HELEN M. RANNEY ◽  
THOMAS B. BRADLEY ◽  
ALAN JACOBS ◽  
LINDA UDEM
Keyword(s):  
Family Study ◽  
Simultaneous Occurrence ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Jewish Family ◽  
Sh Groups ◽  
Red Cell Enzymes ◽  
Abnormal Hemoglobin ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cell Defect

Abstract A Jewish family in which Hb L Ferrara (α247 Asp → Gly β2) occurred is reported. Studies of some of the properties of this hemoglobin demonstrated that its oxygen equilibria, number of readily reactive-SH groups, and spectro-photometric tyrosine titration were indistinguishable from Hb A. Nevertheless, Hb LF was more unstable than Hb A at 55 C. The propositus had accelerated blood destruction although six other heterozygotes for Hb LF did not. A second defect in red cell enzymes or red cell lipids of the propositus was not demonstrable with the technics used but the possibility that the simultaneous occurrence of Hb LF and an otherwise "silent" red cell defect may lead to a hemolytic state remains an attractive explanation. The data provided by this family study did not permit a definite conclusion about the relationship of clinically evident hemolysis in the propositus to the presence of the abnormal hemoglobin.

scholarly journals Increased Ca++, Mg++, and Na+ + K+ ATPase activities in erythrocytes of sickle cell anemia

Blood ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 1332-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
MG Luthra ◽  
DA Sears
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Sickle Cell Anemia ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Red Cell

Abstract To determine whether diminished activity of the Ca++ extrusion pump could account for the high levels of red blood cell (RBC) Ca++ in sickle cell anemia (SS), we measured calmodulin-sensitive Ca++ ATPase activity in normal and SS RBC. Hemolysates prepared with saponin were compared, since such preparations expressed maximum ATPase activities, exceeding isolated membranes or reconstituted systems of membranes plus cytosol, SS RBC hemolysates had greater Ca++ ATPase activity than normal hemolysates; they exhibited higher Mg++ and Na+ + K+ ATPase activities as well. Assays on density (age) fractions of SS and normal red cells demonstrated that all ATPase activities were highest in low density (young) cells, and activities in SS red cells exceeded those in normals in all fractions studied. Thus, when studied under conditions that maximize enzyme activity, Ca++ ATPase activity, like Mg++ and Na+ + K+ ATPase, is actually increased in SS RBC, probably due to the young red cell population present. The elevated Ca++ levels in these cells are more likely due to an increased Ca++ leak or abnormal calcium binding than to defective extrusion by the ATPase pump.

scholarly journals RED CELL STROMA PROTEIN RICH IN VITAMIN B12 DURING ACTIVE REGENERATION

1955 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 725-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Whipple ◽  
F. S. Robscheit-Robbins ◽  
W. F. Bale
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Pernicious Anemia ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Cell Regeneration ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Active Regeneration ◽  
Protein Rich

During active blood regeneration in anemia in dogs an increase occurs in the stroma protein of the red cells. When vitamin B12 with radioactive cobalt is given at the start of this blood regeneration one finds concentration of labeled B12 in the stroma protein but not in the hemoglobin. After the acute phase of red cell regeneration is ended the concentration of B12 in stroma protein falls rapidly to very low levels within 2 weeks. Subsequent episodes of red blood cell regeneration seems not to cause remobilization of radioactive cobalt into red cells from other body stores. It appears that the vitamin B12 is a factor of importance in the first steps of stroma protein formation in the first few days of the life of the red cell in the dog. This response in dogs and the response in pernicious anemia to vitamin B12 may have some points in common. Distribution of the B12-radioactive cobalt in the organs and tissues at autopsy has been recorded. Some very suggestive localizations were noted and some variation 1 week and 7 weeks after B12 injections. Radioactive cobalt escapes in the urine during the weeks following B12 injections.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF INSULIN, ALLOXAN DIABETES, AND ANOXIA ON THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE RAT HEART

1962 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
David N. Orth ◽  
Howard E. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Glucose Transport ◽  
Alloxan Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Cytoplasmic Vesicles ◽  
Lipid Inclusions ◽  
Line Level ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Hearts from normal and alloxan diabetic rats were perfused in vitro with a bicarbonate-buffered medium containing glucose. Transport of glucose through the cell membrane was stimulated with insulin or by induction of anaerobiosis. The organs were rapidly fixed and examined by electron microscopy. Transport stimulation was not associated with any increase in the number of sarcolemmal invaginations or subsarcolemmal cytoplasmic vesicles. It was concluded that glucose transport and the effects of insulin or anoxia do not involve pinocytosis. The relationship of pinocytosis to glucose transport is discussed. The appearance of numerous lipid inclusions at the Z line level of the sarcomeres in the diabetic and anoxic myocardia is described.

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