scholarly journals Red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and oxygen affinity of hemoglobin in patients with thyroid disorders

Blood ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-185
Author(s):  
CG Zaroulis ◽  
IA Kourides ◽  
CR Valeri
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Oxygen Transport ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Oxygen Affinity ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Transport Function ◽  
Oxygen Affinity Of Hemoglobin ◽  
2,3 Dpg

We measured red blood cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and the P50 value in vitro of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve, which is the oxygen tension at half saturation of hemoglobin, in order to quantitate red blood cell oxygen transport function in individuals who were diagnosed as hypothyroid, euthyroid, or hyperthyroid based on measurements of thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), thyrotropin (TSH), and their clinical status. Hypothyroid (mean T4 2.8 microgram/dl, T3 49 ng/dl, TSH 37 microU/ml) and hyperthyroid (mean T4 14 microgram/dl, T3 271 ng/dl, TSH less than 0.7 microU/ml) patients had normal red cell 2,3-DPG and ATP levels and normal P50 values in vitro. The known changes in oxygen consumption produced by alterations in thyroid hormone levels in patients with hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism did not affect red blood cell oxygen transport function.

scholarly journals Red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and oxygen affinity of hemoglobin in patients with thyroid disorders

Blood ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
CG Zaroulis ◽  
IA Kourides ◽  
CR Valeri
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Oxygen Transport ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Oxygen Affinity ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Transport Function ◽  
Oxygen Affinity Of Hemoglobin ◽  
2,3 Dpg

Abstract We measured red blood cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and the P50 value in vitro of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve, which is the oxygen tension at half saturation of hemoglobin, in order to quantitate red blood cell oxygen transport function in individuals who were diagnosed as hypothyroid, euthyroid, or hyperthyroid based on measurements of thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), thyrotropin (TSH), and their clinical status. Hypothyroid (mean T4 2.8 microgram/dl, T3 49 ng/dl, TSH 37 microU/ml) and hyperthyroid (mean T4 14 microgram/dl, T3 271 ng/dl, TSH less than 0.7 microU/ml) patients had normal red cell 2,3-DPG and ATP levels and normal P50 values in vitro. The known changes in oxygen consumption produced by alterations in thyroid hormone levels in patients with hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism did not affect red blood cell oxygen transport function.

Reduction of Prion Infectivity in Packed Red Cells by Separation of Whole Blood and Washing of the Red Cell Fraction.

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 2890-2890
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Morales ◽  
Kimberley A. Buytaert-Hoefen ◽  
Eric T. Hansen ◽  
Dennis Hlavinka ◽  
Raymond Goodrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Cell Fraction ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
New Variant

Abstract Although prion diseases are rare in humans, the established link between a new variant form of CJD (vCJD) and the consumption of cattle meat contaminated by BSE have raised concerns about a possible outbreak of a large epidemic in the human population. Over the past few years, BSE has become a significant health concern in several countries, and it now seems apparent that vCJD can also be iatrogenically transmitted from human to human by blood transfusion. Exacerbating this state of affairs is the lack of a reliable test to identify individuals incubating the disease during the long and silent period from the onset of infection to the appearance of clinical symptoms. The purpose of this research study was to evaluate the effectiveness of separation of whole blood and washing of the red cell fraction for the removal of infectious scrapie prion protein (PrPSc) from red blood cell (RBC) suspensions. Samples of human, whole blood were spiked with 5 × 106 LD50 263K PrPSc. Analysis of the treated sample supernatants by Western blot revealed that approximately >88% of the PrPSc was removed with the initial plasma expression and the equivalent of 6% was detected in a saline wash (300 mL; 0.9% saline). The final sample of RBCs revealed no detectable levels of PrPSc by Western blots. Further analysis of the treated RBCs using the PMCA assay indicated detectable amounts of PrPSc only after 2 consecutive amplification rounds. Semi-quantitative analysis of PMCA amplification enabled us to estimate that the treated RBCs contained less than 1 × 104 LD50 PrPSc. This corresponded to removal levels exceeding ≥99% of spiked material in whole blood. These in vitro estimations were confirmed by in vivo infectivity studies in a hamster model of disease transmission. Results from in vivo studies displayed significant differences in the incubation periods of the spiked blood inoculated hamsters (100.1 ± 1.7) versus washed RBCs (135.8 ± 6.7). Moreover, a substantial difference in the attack rate (6/15: 40% in washed RBC, versus 13/13: 100% in spiked blood) further indicated a substantial removal of infectious prions. Comparison of this data with results of animals inoculated with different dilutions of infectious material, indicated a >99.94% reduction of infectivity. Washed, packed human red cells produced by this procedure were able to be stored in standard additive solutions (AS-3) for 42 days while still meeting all in vitro blood bank standards for acceptable red cell quality. Conclusion This data suggests that separation of plasma coupled with a simple, low volume wash of red cells may represent an efficient method to remove prions from red blood cell fractions, thus reducing possible infectivity of these products.

scholarly journals 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate Content and Oxygen Affinity as a Function of Red Cell Age in Normal Individuals

Blood ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
STAVROS HAIDAS ◽  
DOMINIQUE LABIE ◽  
JEAN-CLAUDE KAPLAN
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Oxygen Affinity ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
In Vitro Storage ◽  
Cell Age ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
2,3 Dpg

Abstract A parallel decline of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) and P50 of intracorpuscular hemoglobin is found in red blood cells during their in vivo aging. After 2,3-DPG depletion due to in vitro storage, the capacity to restore, 2,3-DPG in the presence of inosine is significantly impaired in senescent cells as compared with young cells.

scholarly journals Regulatory T-cell status in red cell alloimmunized responder and nonresponder mice

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 113 (22) ◽  
pp. 5624-5627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weili Bao ◽  
Jin Yu ◽  
Susanne Heck ◽  
Karina Yazdanbakhsh
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Major Complication ◽  
Glycophorin A ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Suppressive Activity ◽  
Human Glycophorin

Abstract Red blood cell alloimmunization remains a major complication for transfusion-dependent patients, but immune factors governing risk for alloimmunization are unknown. We hypothesized that CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), which we have shown control the rate and the frequency of red blood cell alloimmunization in mouse models, may dictate responder/nonresponder status. Using a transfusion regimen in which more than 50% of mice develop alloantibodies to human glycophorin A antigen, we found reduced in vitro and in vivo Treg-suppressive activity in responders compared with nonresponders that was the result of impaired Treg suppressor function. Moreover, responders were prone to developing additional alloantibodies to strong immunogens, whereas nonresponders were resistant to alloimmunization. Altogether, our data raise the possibility that Treg activity may be used as a marker for identifying responder/nonresponder status in transfusion recipients.

scholarly journals The Effects of Hypersaline Exposure on Oxygen-Affinity of the Blood of the Freshwater Teleost Catostomus Commersoni

1989 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. WALKER ◽  
P. R. H. WILKES ◽  
C. M. WOOD
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Oxygen Affinity ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Nucleoside Triphosphate ◽  
Strong Ion Difference ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine ◽  
Catostomus Commersoni

After 10 days' exposure to an environmental salinity of 300 mosmol kg−1 NaCl, the freshwater stenohaline teleost Catostomus commersoni exhibited an increase in plasma osmolality and a reduction in plasma strong ion difference (SID). There were reductions in plasma pH (pHe), red blood cell (RBC) pH (pHi), plasma total CO2 and erythrocyte nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) concentration, and increases in mean erythrocyte volume and plasma catecholamine levels. Despite the acidosis, the in vitro haemoglobin oxygen-affinity of blood from saline-acclimated fish was not significantly different from that of control fish (held in fresh water) which had higher pHe and pHi values at the PCO2 tensions used. In vitro adjustment of SID of blood from control fish to approximate that of the saline-acclimated fish by the addition of NaOH and HCl significantly reduced pHe, pHi and the haemoglobin oxygen-affinity. Adjustment of the plasma osmolality of blood from control fish to values identical to those of the saline-acclimated fish by the addition of NaCl in vitro did not alter the haemoglobin oxygen-affinity. An increase in catecholamine concentration and a decrease in red blood cell NTP concentration in the saline-acclimated fish may have been compensatory mechanisms to maintain haemoglobin oxygen-affinity against acidosis-induced Bohr and Root effects during saline exposure.

scholarly journals Resistance of Reticulocytes and Young Erythrocytes to the Action of Specific Hemolytic Serum

Blood ◽  
1952 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 602-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. O. CRUZ ◽  
P. C. JUNQUEIRA
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Normal Animal ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Normal Adult ◽  
Severe Anemia ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Photoelectric Method ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract A photoelectric method is used to determine the degree of hemolysis produced by specific hemolytic serum on erythrocytes of dogs, taking as a standard the amount required for 50 per cent hemolysis. The requirement of the normal dog red blood cell is 1.2 cu. ml. (±0.7 cu. ml.) of hemolytic serum, under the conditions described in the method. The red cells of dogs given a sufficient dose of acetylphenylhydrazine to produce a severe anemia, followed by an intense period of blood regeneration, required an amount of hemolytic serum about two to four times greater than in the normal animal (values from 3.0 to 4.8 cu. ml. of hemolytic serum are recorded). This result shows that the reticulocytes and young erythrocytes are much more resistant than the normal adult red cell to the action of hemolytic serum. It was possible by this technic to concentrate the reticulocytes in vitro, destroying selectively the adult erythrocytes of a sample of blood by an appropriate amount of specific hemolytic serum. The relationship between these results and the high reticulocytosis observed during crisis in hemolytic jaundice is discussed.

Comparative evaluation of fifteen anti-sickling agents

Blood ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Chang ◽  
SM Ewert ◽  
RM Bookchin ◽  
RL Nagel
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Mustard ◽  
Potent Inhibitor ◽  
Oxygen Affinity ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Red Cell Indices ◽  
Oxygen Affinity Of Hemoglobin ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Further Development

Abstract Fifteen compounds reported to be inhibitors of gelation or sickling were studied by standard methods. These tests included (1) the determination of the solubility of deoxyhemoglobin S or Csat, (2) evaluation of sickling in whole SS blood at various pO2s, (3) measurement of the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin and blood, and (4) examination of red cell indices and morphology. Among the 4 noncovalent agents tested, butylurea was the most potent inhibitor of gelation and sickling in vitro; however, relatively high concentrations were required compared to the covalent agents. In the latter group, bis-(3,5 dibromosalicyl)-fumarate, nitrogen mustard, and dimethyladipimidate were especially effective inhibitors of gelation and/or sickling. All of these compounds require further development before they can be considered for clinical use.

Erythrocyte Metabolism in Galactosemia

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-127
Author(s):  
A. ZIPURSKY ◽  
M. ROWLAND ◽  
J. D. FORD ◽  
J. C. HAWORTH ◽  
L. G. ISRAELS
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphate ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Inborn Error ◽  
Atp Synthesis ◽  
Free Medium ◽  
Erythrocyte Metabolism ◽  
2,3 Dpg

Galactosemia is an inborn error of metabolism in which the enzyme galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase is deficient. The accumulation of galactose-1-phosphate in tissues exposed to galactose has been postulated as the mechanism responsible for the toxic manifestations of the disease. Previous reports suggested that the accumulation of galactose-1-phosphate within the red blood cell interferes with oxygen consumption, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis or breakdown, and the maintenance of other phosphate intermediates of glycolysis. The in vitro studies of Pennington and Prankerd were performed using erythrocytes suspended in a glucose-free medium. This lack of glycolytic substrate may have contributed to the diminished ATP and 2,3 diphosphoglyceric (2,3 DPG) synthesis observed.

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of fifteen anti-sickling agents

Blood ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-704
Author(s):  
H Chang ◽  
SM Ewert ◽  
RM Bookchin ◽  
RL Nagel
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Mustard ◽  
Potent Inhibitor ◽  
Oxygen Affinity ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Red Cell Indices ◽  
Oxygen Affinity Of Hemoglobin ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Further Development

Fifteen compounds reported to be inhibitors of gelation or sickling were studied by standard methods. These tests included (1) the determination of the solubility of deoxyhemoglobin S or Csat, (2) evaluation of sickling in whole SS blood at various pO2s, (3) measurement of the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin and blood, and (4) examination of red cell indices and morphology. Among the 4 noncovalent agents tested, butylurea was the most potent inhibitor of gelation and sickling in vitro; however, relatively high concentrations were required compared to the covalent agents. In the latter group, bis-(3,5 dibromosalicyl)-fumarate, nitrogen mustard, and dimethyladipimidate were especially effective inhibitors of gelation and/or sickling. All of these compounds require further development before they can be considered for clinical use.

scholarly journals The Life Span of the Red Blood Cell and the Red Blood Cell Volume in the Chicken, Pigeon and Duck as Estimated by the Use of Na2Cr51O4

Blood ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
GERALD P. RODNAN ◽  
FRANKLIN G. EBAUGH ◽  
M. R. SPIVEY FOX ◽  
DORIS M. CHAMBERS
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Maximum Life Span ◽  
Avian Erythrocytes

Abstract Eight to 25 per cent of intravenously injected Na2Cr51O4 binds firmly with erythrocytes of the chicken, pigeon and duck. Calculation of the maximum life span of these avian red cells was made from the disappearance time of circulating radioactivity. The maximum life span of the chicken erythrocyte was found to be 35 days, of the pigeon erythrocyte 35-45 days, and the duck erythrocyte 42 days. Comparing the life span of avian erythrocytes with those of other animal species, the rate of red cell turnover in the mammals, birds, and reptile (turtle) was found to correlate directly with basal heat production per kilogram body weight. Using erythrocytes tagged with Na2Cr51O4 in vitro, the total red blood cell volume was found to be 17-24 ml. per Kg. body weight in the rooster, 9-12 ml. per Kg. in the hen, 25-31 ml. per Kg. in the duck, and 31-34 ml. per Kg. in the pigeon. These values proved somewhat lower than those obtained from the indirect estimates of red cell volume, using plasma volume figures and periphera blood hematocrit.

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