scholarly journals Risk of AIDS for recipients of blood components from donors who subsequently developed AIDS

Blood ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 1604-1610 ◽  
Author(s):  
HA Perkins ◽  
S Samson ◽  
J Garner ◽  
D Echenberg ◽  
JR Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Blood Components ◽  
Aids Related Complex ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Donated Blood ◽  
First Contact

Abstract Reported cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in San Francisco as of March 31, 1986, include 92 individuals who had donated blood subsequent to 1978. Their donated blood components had been transfused into 406 different recipients. The current status of 336 of these recipients was ascertained as of April 1, 1986. Of these, 223 had died at the time of our first contact, almost all as a result of the condition for which they were transfused. Seven had developed AIDS; five of these died, two before entry into the study and three subsequently. Forty-six additional living recipients were interviewed and evaluated. Seven had the AIDS-related complex, 18 had antibody to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) but were otherwise healthy, and 19 had no detectable anti-HIV. Two had risk factors other than transfusion. The frequency of infection of the recipient decreased as the time interval between transfusion and the diagnosis of AIDS in the donor increased. This information should be useful when counseling patients who have been transfused with blood components from donors later found to be infected with HIV.

scholarly journals Risk of AIDS for recipients of blood components from donors who subsequently developed AIDS

Blood ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 1604-1610
Author(s):  
HA Perkins ◽  
S Samson ◽  
J Garner ◽  
D Echenberg ◽  
JR Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Blood Components ◽  
Aids Related Complex ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Donated Blood ◽  
First Contact

Reported cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in San Francisco as of March 31, 1986, include 92 individuals who had donated blood subsequent to 1978. Their donated blood components had been transfused into 406 different recipients. The current status of 336 of these recipients was ascertained as of April 1, 1986. Of these, 223 had died at the time of our first contact, almost all as a result of the condition for which they were transfused. Seven had developed AIDS; five of these died, two before entry into the study and three subsequently. Forty-six additional living recipients were interviewed and evaluated. Seven had the AIDS-related complex, 18 had antibody to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) but were otherwise healthy, and 19 had no detectable anti-HIV. Two had risk factors other than transfusion. The frequency of infection of the recipient decreased as the time interval between transfusion and the diagnosis of AIDS in the donor increased. This information should be useful when counseling patients who have been transfused with blood components from donors later found to be infected with HIV.

scholarly journals Lack of evidence of prolonged human immunodeficiency virus infection before antibody seroconversion

Blood ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1752-1754
Author(s):  
JE Groopman ◽  
T Caiazzo ◽  
MA Thomas ◽  
RA Ferriani ◽  
S Saltzman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Homosexual Men ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Aids Related Complex ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Very High ◽  
Considerable Concern

Recently, considerable concern has been raised regarding the possibility that antibody-based screening tests for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may fail to detect certain high-risk individuals for prolonged periods of time. It has been proposed that testing for HIV-related antigen may be a necessary procedure to detect such individuals. To address this issue, we longitudinally studied two groups of homosexual men: direct sexual partners of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related complex (ARC) patients and individuals who ultimately sero-converted. There was no evidence of prolonged infection with HIV in the absence of detectable antibody in these two groups. It appears at this time that, even among subjects at very high risk for HIV infection, currently available antibody-based assays are sufficient to identify infected individuals.

scholarly journals Recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor ameliorates zidovudine-induced neutropenia in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)/AIDS-related complex

Blood ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 78 (12) ◽  
pp. 3148-3154 ◽  
Author(s):  
JD Levine ◽  
JD Allan ◽  
JH Tessitore ◽  
N Falcone ◽  
F Galasso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Full Dose ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Aids Related Complex ◽  
Group A ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Macrophage Colony ◽  
Group B ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Stimulating Factor

Abstract To evaluate the effect of recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony- stimulating factor (GM-CSF) on patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related complex (ARC) who were intolerant to zidovudine because of neutropenia, we performed a randomized, open- label study in which patients were assigned to one of two groups. Zidovudine was discontinued in group A patients before instituting GM- CSF treatment and was restarted in a graduated fashion over 4 weeks. Group B patients continued on full-dose (1,200 mg/d) zidovudine therapy while beginning GM-CSF therapy. A total of 17 patients were entered, eight in group A and nine in group B. Five of eight patients in group A and seven of nine in group B had a history of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP). All were homosexual males, except one female in group A who was the sex partner of a bisexual male with AIDS. All patients had neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count [ANC] less than 1,000/microL) while taking full-dose zidovudine. The mean CD4 (+/- SD) lymphocyte level was 37 (+/- 29)/microL and 39 (+/- 44)/microL in groups A and B, respectively. After randomization, patients were begun on subcutaneous GM-CSF at a dose of 1.0 microgram/kg/d. Patients in group A received 2 weeks of daily GM-CSF, at which time zidovudine was restarted if the ANC was greater than 1,000/microL; if the ANC was less than 1,000/microL, the dose of GM-CSF was increased to 3.0 micrograms/kg, and at 2-week intervals either zidovudine was restarted or the dose of GM-CSF was increased to 5 micrograms/kg and then 10 micrograms/kg, to maintain the ANC greater than 1,000/microL. Group B patients received full-dose zidovudine concurrently with GM-CSF administration. The dose of GM-CSF was increased every 2 weeks if necessary to keep the ANC greater than 1,000/microL while maintaining full-dose zidovudine therapy. Patients in each group showed an increase in total white blood cell (WBC) count. Neutrophils and eosinophils were responsible for the majority of this increase. Patients in group A had a more rapid increase in WBC than those in group B; however, by week 8, the WBC in each group was essentially equal. Viral replication as measured by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) p24 antigen (Ag) was decreased in four patients in each group, increased in one patient in each group, and remained unchanged in the remainder. The ability to culture virus from peripheral blood mononuclear cells was not changed by the regimen. The major toxicities of the regimen were fever and malaise.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Central nervous system mass lesions in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

1984 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Levy ◽  
Vincent G. Pons ◽  
Mark L. Rosenblum
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Brain Biopsy ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Brain Abscesses ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Mass Lesions

✓ The authors present the cases of nine patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and intracerebral mass lesions, who were evaluated at the University of California, San Francisco, between April, 1979, and July, 1983. Eight patients were confirmed homosexual males, and none was Haitian. Their average age was 38.8 years. Tissue diagnosis was made in all patients from brain biopsy or autopsy material. Three patients initially presented for evaluation of their neurological deficits, while the other six already carried the diagnosis of AIDS at admission. Seven patients presented with multiple intracranial lesions and two had polymicrobial infection. In this series, three patients had Toxoplasma gondii brain abscesses, two had primary lymphoma, two had metastatic Kaposi's sarcoma of the central nervous system (CNS), two had focal cytomegalovirus encephalitis and one each had cryptococcal and Candida albicans brain abscesses. The clinical presentation, radiological evaluation, and serodiagnostic study of these patients were not helpful in establishing the nature of the CNS lesions. Brain biopsy is considered by the authors to be critical for the evaluation and appropriate treatment of mass lesions in patients with AIDS.

scholarly journals Different effect of benzylacyclouridine on the toxic and therapeutic effects of azidothymidine in mice

Blood ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 2216-2221 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Falcone ◽  
JW Darnowski ◽  
RM Ruprecht ◽  
SH Chu ◽  
I Brunetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Hematologic Toxicity ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Aids Related Complex ◽  
Effective Doses ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Oral Doses

Abstract It has been reported that in vitro uridine (Urd) can reverse azidothymidine (AZT) cytotoxicity without decreasing anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) activity. Our studies in mice have shown that daily oral doses of benzylacyclouridine (BAU), an inhibitor of Urd breakdown, also reduces AZT hematologic toxicity, presumably by elevating the plasma concentration of Urd. We now extend these murine studies and report the effect of various doses of exogenous Urd, various doses of BAU, or the combination of BAU and Urd, administered daily, on AZT-induced toxicity. In mice receiving concomitant AZT, daily doses of Urd of 1,000 to 2,000 mg/kg increase peripheral reticulocytes and slightly reduce AZT-induced hematologic toxicity. However, the range of effective doses is narrow, and higher doses of Urd (greater than 3,000 mg/kg/d) significantly enhance hematologic toxicity. At its most effective dose, (2,000 mg/kg/d), Urd produces 28% mortality. In contrast, BAU doses up to 300 mg/kg/d reduced AZT-related hematologic toxicity in a dose-dependent manner without mortality. Higher daily doses of BAU and the combination of BAU with low doses of Urd were not more effective. Studies conducted in mice infected with the Rauscher murine leukemia virus (RLV) indicate that BAU does not impair the antiretroviral effect of AZT when administered at doses that reduce AZT-induced anemia and leukopenia. These findings may be significant for the treatment of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related complex.

2′,3′-Dideoxyinosine (ddI) in Patients with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome or AIDS-Related Complex

1990 ◽  
Vol 322 (19) ◽  
pp. 1333-1340 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Lambert ◽  
Mindell Seidlin ◽  
Richard C. Reichman ◽  
Carol S. Plank ◽  
Maura Laverty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Aids Related Complex ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Related Complex
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