scholarly journals An Electron Microscope Study of Sectioned Cells of Peripheral Blood and Bone Marrow

Blood ◽  
1954 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEAN KAUTZ ◽  
Q. B. DEMARSH
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Electron Microscope Study ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Thin Sectioning

Abstract White blood cells from peripheral blood and bone marrow have been sectioned for study in the electron microscope. Methods of fixation and handling are described. Most of the usual blood cell types have been tentatively identified, and their fine structure is described. The high resolving power of the electron microscope promises to reveal details previously unsuspected, as well as to extend and clarify existing knowledge concerning the cytology of blood cells, both normal and pathologic. Ultra-thin sectioning, while still a very difficult art, appears to be the best method currently available for visualizing the fine structure of white blood cells, which would otherwise be too thick for penetration by the electron beam. Conditions of satisfactory fixation and dehydration are extremely critical, and care must be exercised in the interpretation of all results in order to separate gross fixation artifacts from the finer precipitation of protoplasmic material which may approximate a true picture of the living cell.

scholarly journals Brief Note: The Use of Desoxyribonuclease As an Aid to the Identification of Primitive White Blood Cells

Blood ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
EDWARD GARDNER ◽  
CLAUDE-STARR WRIGHT ◽  
BETTIE Z. WILLIAMS
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Primitive Cell ◽  
Standard Solution ◽  
Differential Action

Abstract A standard solution of purified desoxyribonuclease in phosphate saline effectively duplicates the differential action of urine on the nuclei of white blood cells. This procedure is a valuable aid to the identification of primitive cell types in bone marrow and peripheral blood films.

scholarly journals ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF THE NUCLEAR MEMBRANE OF AMOEBA PROTEUS

1956 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie H. Greider ◽  
Wencel J. Kostir ◽  
Walter J. Frajola
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Nuclear Membrane ◽  
Outer Layer ◽  
Microscope Study ◽  
Electron Microscope Study ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Amoeba Proteus ◽  
Nuclear Membranes ◽  
Thin Sectioning

An electron microscope study of the nuclear membrane of Amoeba proteus by thin sectioning techniques has revealed an ultrastructure in the outer layer of the membrane that is homologous to the pores and annuli observed in the nuclear membranes of many other cell types studied by these techniques. An inner honeycombed layer apparently unique to Amoeba proteus is also described.

scholarly journals Adult Mice With Targeted Mutation of the Interleukin-11 Receptor (IL11Ra) Display Normal Hematopoiesis

Blood ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 2148-2159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harshal H. Nandurkar ◽  
Lorraine Robb ◽  
David Tarlinton ◽  
Louise Barnett ◽  
Frank Köntgen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Null Mutation ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Normal Numbers ◽  
Interleukin 11 ◽  
Marrow Cells

Abstract Interleukin-11 (IL-11) is a pleiotropic growth factor with a prominent effect on megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis. The receptor for IL-11 is a heterodimer of the signal transduction unit gp130 and a specific receptor component, the α-chain (IL-11Rα). Two genes potentially encode the IL-11Rα: the IL11Ra and IL11Ra2 genes. The IL11Ra gene is widely expressed in hematopoietic and other organs, whereas the IL11Ra2 gene is restricted to only some strains of mice and its expression is confined to testis, lymph node, and thymus. To investigate the essential actions mediated by the IL-11Rα, we have generated mice with a null mutation of IL11Ra (IL11Ra−/−) by gene targeting. Analysis of IL11Ra expression by Northern blot and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, as well as the absence of response of IL11Ra−/− bone marrow cells to IL-11 in hematopoietic assays, further confirmed the null mutation. Compensatory expression of the IL11Ra2 in bone marrow cells was not detected. IL11Ra−/− mice were healthy with normal numbers of peripheral blood white blood cells, hematocrit, and platelets. Bone marrow and spleen contained normal numbers of cells of all hematopoietic lineages, including megakaryocytes. Clonal cultures did not identify any perturbation of granulocyte-macrophage (GM), erythroid, or megakaryocyte progenitors. The number of day-12 colony-forming unit-spleen progenitors were similar in wild-type and IL11Ra−/− mice. The kinetics of recovery of peripheral blood white blood cells, platelets, and bone marrow GM progenitors after treatment with 5-flurouracil were the same in IL11Ra−/− and wild-type mice. Acute hemolytic stress was induced by phenylhydrazine and resulted in a 50% decrease in hematocrit. The recovery of hematocrit was comparable in IL11Ra−/− and wild-type mice. These observations indicate that IL-11 receptor signalling is dispensable for adult hematopoiesis.

scholarly journals Megaloblastosis Produced by a Cytosine Antagonist

Blood ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. TALLEY ◽  
V. K. VAITKEVICIUS
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Cytosine Arabinoside ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Mitotic Abnormalities ◽  
Temporary Decrease

Abstract 1. Cytosine arabinoside induced objective, but temporary, decrease of tumor masses in three patients with lymphosarcoma and slight decrease in some lesions in two out of ten treated patients with disseminated carcinomatosis. 2. In doses of 3 to 50 mg./Kg. given at varying intervals, cytosine arabinoside induced definite megaloblastic changes in the marrow of all patients studied. Mitotic abnormalities similar to those found in other megaloblastic anemias also occurred. 3. Associated with bone marrow changes, depressions of hemoglobin, white blood cells and platelets in the peripheral blood were observed. 4. The exact mechanism of action of cytosine arabinoside has not been elucidated. It is speculated that because of the close structural similarity between cytidylic acid, cytosine arabinoside could interfere with DNA synthesis.

Cytoplasmic fine-structure

1958 ◽  
Vol 148 (932) ◽  
pp. 290-308 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Thin Sectioning ◽  
Cytoplasmic Change ◽  
Cellular Specialization ◽  
Different Cell Types ◽  
Made In

In any attempt to reach an integrated conception of the cytoplasm in variation and development, a study of the fine-structure of the cytoplasm and its relation to the nucleus must take its proper place. It is the object of our paper to survey, as adequately as we are able in a limited space, selected data on cytoplasmic fine-structure and we hope that this will provide the Discussion with a background against which to consider a morphological basis for that variation which genetical studies may show to be due to changes in the organization of the cytoplasm. It is possibly too early as yet to hope that examination of the morphology of cells by means of the electron microscope will reveal cytoplasmic differences between organisms which differ from one another in the characteristics studied in genetical experiments; it would be useful to the future study of the problem of Cytoplasmic change, however, to know within what limits speculation must be reasonably confined by the nature of the fine-structure of the cytoplasm. It is now becoming apparent that though cells of organisms widely separated phylogenetically have basic similarities, cellular specialization has led to some diversity in the fine-structure. In the first part of the paper we shall briefly consider the development of electron-microscope methods, e.g. the thin-sectioning procedures, which have made it possible to examine biological material at a resolution which allows comparatively small macromolecular units to be distinguished (10 to 50 Å); at the same time we shall emphasize the danger of overestimating the significance of the observations that have been made. In the second part we shall consider certain selected features of the cell in some detail; in view of the large body of literature on cell fine-structure that is now available (publications numbered over 100 during the last 6 months of 1956) no attempt will be made to review all the findings which have been published during the last few years. Rather we will consider, in general terms, the structure of each component, then compare the variations in structural form noted in different cell types and indicate where there is direct disagreement in the findings of various authorities.

scholarly journals Marrow Engraftment by Allogeneic Leukocytes in Lethally Irradiated Dogs

Blood ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 805-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. STORB ◽  
R. B. EPSTEIN ◽  
H. RAGDE ◽  
J. BRYANT ◽  
E. D. THOMAS
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Allogeneic Bone Marrow ◽  
Allogeneic Bone ◽  
Single Donor ◽  
Cytogenetic Studies ◽  
Bone Marrow Engraftment

Abstract Infusion of white blood cells separated from peripheral blood produced allogeneic bone marrow engraftment in lethally irradiated dogs. Approximately 100 x 109 leukocytes obtained from a single donor over an 8-day period were adequate to establish marrow repopulation. Marrow engraftment was indicated by rising blood count, marrow histology, and, in one instance, cytogenetic studies. Marrow grafts were associated with a severe secondary syndrome. Survival was prolonged with methotrexate.

scholarly journals Flow cytometric detection of receptors for interleukin-6 on bone marrow and peripheral blood cells of humans and rhesus monkeys

Blood ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 81 (8) ◽  
pp. 2036-2043
Author(s):  
AW Wognum ◽  
FC van Gils ◽  
G Wagemaker
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Rhesus Monkey ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cd8 T Lymphocytes ◽  
Blast Cells

The expression of receptors for interleukin-6 (IL-6) on human and rhesus monkey peripheral blood and bone marrow (BM) cells was examined by multiparameter flow cytometry after staining with biologically active, biotin-labeled human IL-6 and phycoerythrin-conjugated streptavidin. Consistent with the multiple biologic effects of IL-6 in stimulating immune functions and hematopoiesis, IL-6 receptors were detectable on a wide variety of cell types. In peripheral blood, IL-6 receptors were detectable on monocytes, granulocytes, and on CD4+ T lymphocytes but not on resting, CD19+ B lymphocytes and CD56+ natural killer (NK) cells. CD8+ T lymphocytes also expressed IL-6 receptors but at lower levels than CD4+ cells. The IL-6 receptors on granulocytes were only detectable after staining with high concentrations of biotin- IL-6, suggesting that most IL-6 receptors on these cells represent low- affinity sites. In contrast, IL-6 receptors on both CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes were detectable at biotin-IL-6 concentrations as low as 10 pmol/L, indicating that these cells bind IL-6 with high affinity. IL-6 receptor expression patterns on rhesus monkey and human blood cells were very similar except that receptor levels on granulocytes were lower in humans than in rhesus monkeys. Similar differences in expression levels were observed for IL-6 receptors that were detectable on most granulocyte precursors in the mononuclear fraction of rhesus monkey and human bone marrow. In addition to these relatively mature cell types, IL-6 receptors were detectable on a large fraction of human and rhesus monkey BM blast cells that express the CD34 antigen. The presence of IL-6 receptors on CD34+ BM blast cells, which are the precursor cells of most, if not all, BM-derived blood cells, is consistent with the ability of IL-6, in conjunction with other cytokines, to stimulate immature hemopoietic cells in vitro and to promote blood cell production when administered in vivo.

Generation and Characterization of Transgenic Mice Expressing MplW515L.

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 3901-3901
Author(s):  
Wanming Zhao ◽  
Shu Xing ◽  
Rufei Gao ◽  
Aref Al-Kali ◽  
Wanting Tina Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cells ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem

Abstract Abstract 3901 Poster Board III-837 Myeloproliferative neoplasias (MPNs) are a group of conditions characterized by chronic increases in some or all of the blood cells (platelets, white blood cells, and red blood cells). JAK2V617F, a gain-of-function mutation of tyrosine kinase JAK2, is found in over 90% of patients with polycythemia vera (PV) and about 50% of patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). Attempt to identify other signaling components involving the JAK2 signaling pathways has led to discovery of acquired mutations of Mpl, the receptor of thrombopoietin, in 5-10% patients with PMF and ET. To prove the pathogenesis of Mpl mutants, we have generated transgenic mice expressing the most frequently occurred Mpl mutant designated MplW515L by using the vav gene promoter which drives expression of transgenes in the hematopoietic system. We obtained three lines of MplW515L transgenic mice which all displayed similar hematological abnormalities. As expected, the mice developed ET- and PMF-like phenotypes with much elevated platelet counts, severe splenomegaly/hepatomegaly, and bone marrow/spleen myelofibrosis. Interestingly, these mice also had markedly increased white blood cells in the peripheral blood, majority of which are IgD-positive mature B-cells. Histochemical staining and flow cytometric analyses revealed infiltrations of megkaryocytes and B cells into the spleen, the presence of megkaryocytes and erythroid blast cells in the liver, and infiltrations of the bone marrow with B-cells. Reticulin staining revealed that MplW515L transgenic mice developed profound myelofibrosis in the bone marrow and spleen. In vitro hematopoietic colony assays demonstrated increased numbers of hematopoietic progenitor cells including BFU-E, CFU-GM, CFU-Mk, and CFU-Pre-B in the bone marrow, mobilization of these stem/progenitor cells to peripheral blood and spleen, and their autonomous growth in the absence of growth factors and cytokines. Finally, transplantation of bone marrow cells from MplW515L mice into irradiated normal mice installed the aforementioned phenotypes into the recipient mice, indicating that expression of MplW515L altered the activity of hematopoietic stem cells. Together, our data demonstrated that transgenic expression of MplW515L not only causes PMF- and ET-like phenotypes but also lymphoproliferative disorders. Considering that Mpl is expressed in hematopoietic stem cells and that oncogenic gene mutations are often associated with alteration of gene expression, we believe that MplW515L may be involved in a wider spectrum of human hematological diseases than MPNs. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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