scholarly journals The Combined Study of Agglutination, Hemolysis and Erythrophagocytosis

Blood ◽  
1954 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 773-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES A. BONNIN ◽  
LAWRENCE SCHWARTZ
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Optimal Activity ◽  
Fresh Serum ◽  
Antierythrocytic Antibodies

Abstract 1. A method for the combined demonstration of erythrophagocytosis, agglutination, and hemolysis was developed and applied to the study of a series of antierythrocytic antibodies under varying conditions of temperature and pH, using normal, trypsinized, and PNH corpuscles. Erythrophagocytosis was observed supravitally and in fixed preparations. 2. Only those antibodies which were potentially or actually hemolytic produced phagocytosis under the experimental conditions employed. The conditions necessary for the production of the two phenomena were similar except in the case of anti-A. In titration experiments, erythrophagocytosis occurred in higher serum dilutions than did hemolysis. 3. All the antibodies producing opsonization required the presence of thermolabile components of fresh serum for optimal activity. Except with anti-A, appreciable erythrophagocytosis was not produced by heat-inactivated sera. Hemolysis produced by systems other than antibody and complement was unaccompanied by phagocytosis. 4. It is suggested that hemolysis and erythrophagocytosis may both result from the same type of alteration of the red cell surface.

Functions of red cell surface proteins

Vox Sanguinis ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 070807042627006-??? ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Cell Surface Proteins

scholarly journals Analysis of Immunity to Febrile Malaria in Children That Distinguishes Immunity from Lack of Exposure

2009 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 1917-1923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Bejon ◽  
George Warimwe ◽  
Claire L. Mackintosh ◽  
Margaret J. Mackinnon ◽  
Sam M. Kinyanjui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Bed Net ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Vaccine Trials ◽  
Net Use ◽  
Malaria Episodes

ABSTRACT In studies of immunity to malaria, the absence of febrile malaria is commonly considered evidence of “protection.” However, apparent “protection” may be due to a lack of exposure to infective mosquito bites or due to immunity. We studied a cohort that was given curative antimalarials before monitoring began and documented newly acquired asymptomatic parasitemia and febrile malaria episodes during 3 months of surveillance. With increasing age, there was a shift away from febrile malaria to acquiring asymptomatic parasitemia, with no change in the overall incidence of infection. Antibodies to the infected red cell surface were associated with acquiring asymptomatic infection rather than febrile malaria or remaining uninfected. Bed net use was associated with remaining uninfected rather than acquiring asymptomatic infection or febrile malaria. These observations suggest that most uninfected children were unexposed rather than “immune.” Had they been immune, we would have expected the proportion of uninfected children to rise with age and that the uninfected children would have been distinguished from children with febrile malaria by the protective antibody response. We show that removing the less exposed children from conventional analyses clarifies the effects of immunity, transmission intensity, bed nets, and age. Observational studies and vaccine trials will have increased power if they differentiate between unexposed and immune children.

scholarly journals THE ELECTROPHORETIC MOBILITY OF HUMAN ERYTHROCYTES—WHOLE CELLS, GHOSTS, AND FRAGMENTS

1938 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Byler ◽  
H. M. Rozendaal
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Electrophoretic Mobility ◽  
Human Erythrocytes ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Chicken Serum ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Slow Change ◽  
Foreign Substance ◽  
Pure Salt

The electrophoretic mobility of human red cell ghosts decreases in the presence of chicken serum. The decrease is not directly due to the presence of adsorbed material but to a change which is catalyzed by the foreign substance. It is suggested that abnormal serum materials resulting from disease may serve as catalysts. Fragments of broken cells have the same mobility as whole cells at first, then decrease even in pure salt suspension, while the whole cells remain essentially unchanged for hours. The results suggest that the slow change of whole cells, the change of ghosts in the presence of foreign serum, and the change of fragments are all manifestations of the same modification of structure or composition of the cell surface.

Protective antigens of bloodstage Plasmodium knowlesi parasites

1984 ◽  
Vol 307 (1131) ◽  
pp. 159-169 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Plasmodium Knowlesi ◽  
Surface Antigens ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Cell Surface Antigens ◽  
Susceptible Host ◽  
Protective Antigens ◽  
Stage Of Development

The simian malaria Plasmodium knowlesi provides many favourable features as an experimental model; it can be grown in vivo or in vitro . Parasites of defined variant specificity and stage of development are readily obtained and both the natural host and a highly susceptible host are available for experimental infection and vaccination trials. Proteins synthesized by erythrocytic P. knowlesi parasites are characteristic of the developmental stage, as are the alterations that the parasite induces in the red cell surface. Erythrocytic merozoites are anatomically and biochemically complex, their surface alone is covered by at least eight distinct polypeptides. Immune serum from merozoite-immunized rhesus recognizes many parasite components, especially those synthesized by schizonts. All of the merozoite surface components and some of the schizont-infected red cell surface antigens are recognized by such immune sera. Rhesus monkeys rendered immune by repeated infection may by contrast recognize comparatively few antigens; a positive correlation was established for these ‘ naturally ’ immunized monkeys between protection and antibody directed against a 74000 molecular mass antigen. Im m unization with this purified antigen confers partial protection. O ther putative protective antigens have been identified by monoclonal antibodies that inhibit merozoite invasion of red cells in vitro . The antigens recognized by inhibitory monoclonal antibodies are synthesized exclusively by schizonts and are processed, at the time ofschizont rupture and merozoite release, to smaller molecules that are present on the merozoite surface. The multiplicity of protective antigens is clearly demonstrated by the fact that seven distinct merozoite surface antigens are recognized by three different inhibitory monoclonals. None of the protective antigens identified are variant or strain specific.

scholarly journals Plasma blood group glycosyltransferase activities after bone marrow transplantation

Blood ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Yoshida ◽  
GM Schmidt ◽  
KG Blume ◽  
E Beutler
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Marrow Transplantation ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Blood Group ◽  
Marrow Transplantation ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Complete Replacement ◽  
Group B

Human blood groups (ABO) are known to be determined by the terminal glycosyl residues attached to common carbohydrate chains of the red cell surface. N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (A-enzyme) in blood group A persons and galactosyltransferase (B-enzyme) in blood group B persons are responsible for producing A and B substances on the red cell surface, with both enzymes absent in blood group O persons. The plasma transferase (A - and B-) activity was assayed after the complete replacement of the bone marrow of patients with acute leukemia or aplastic anemia by transplantation bone marrow from donors with ABO blood group differing from the recipient. The patient's blood type completely changed from the recipient's type to the donor's type. However, the A- and B-enzyme activities of the patients changed only slightly after bone marrow transplantation. The results indicate that most of the A- and B-enzymes in the circulatory plasma is not derived from the bone marrow, lymphoid, or macrophage tissue. Other tissues must be the primary source of the enzymes in plasma.

Investigations on Enzyme Absorption on the Red Cell Surface

Vox Sanguinis ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Ishiyama ◽  
A. Takatsu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Red Cell

The Distribution of Ammonia and H+ Between Tissue Compartments in Lemon Sole (Parophrys Vetulus) at Rest, During Hypercapnia and Following Exercise

1988 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. WRIGHT ◽  
D. J. RANDALL ◽  
C. M. WOOD
Keyword(s):  
White Muscle ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Hydrogen Ions ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Ph Gradients ◽  
Tissue Compartments ◽  
Parophrys Vetulus ◽  
Red Cell Ph

The distribution of ammonia and [14C]DMO was compared in white muscle, heart, brain, red cells and plasma of lemon sole (Parophrys vetulus Girard) at rest, during hypercapnia and following strenuous exercise. In red cells at rest, measured intracellular ammonia levels were equal to those predicted by the plasma to red cell pH gradient. Red cells are unusual in that hydrogen ions are passively distributed according to membrane potential (EM), whereas in other tissues this is not the case. In white muscle, heart and brain under all experimental conditions, intracellular ammonia levels far exceed those predicted by transmembrane pH gradients. Calculated ENHNH4+ values in these tissues are very close to published resting values of EM. We conclude that, in lemon sole, NH4+ permeates cell membranes and that intracellular ammonia stores are not determined by transmembrane pH gradients.

scholarly journals Plasma blood group glycosyltransferase activities after bone marrow transplantation

Blood ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Yoshida ◽  
GM Schmidt ◽  
KG Blume ◽  
E Beutler
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Marrow Transplantation ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Blood Group ◽  
Marrow Transplantation ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Complete Replacement ◽  
Group B

Abstract Human blood groups (ABO) are known to be determined by the terminal glycosyl residues attached to common carbohydrate chains of the red cell surface. N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (A-enzyme) in blood group A persons and galactosyltransferase (B-enzyme) in blood group B persons are responsible for producing A and B substances on the red cell surface, with both enzymes absent in blood group O persons. The plasma transferase (A - and B-) activity was assayed after the complete replacement of the bone marrow of patients with acute leukemia or aplastic anemia by transplantation bone marrow from donors with ABO blood group differing from the recipient. The patient's blood type completely changed from the recipient's type to the donor's type. However, the A- and B-enzyme activities of the patients changed only slightly after bone marrow transplantation. The results indicate that most of the A- and B-enzymes in the circulatory plasma is not derived from the bone marrow, lymphoid, or macrophage tissue. Other tissues must be the primary source of the enzymes in plasma.

scholarly journals Microbial flocculant produced by a novel Paenibacillus sp., strain A9, using food processing wastewater to replace fermentation medium and its application for the removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solution

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 683-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binhui Jiang ◽  
Lili Fu ◽  
Wan Cao ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Fengda Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Fermentation Broth ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Paenibacillus Sp ◽  
Food Wastewater

Due to high production costs, the popularization and application of microbial flocculants in the field of water treatment have been limited. In this study, the capture of lead ions by the fermentation broth of a novel Paenibacillus sp. strain A9 and cultured with food wastewater was further investigated. The results revealed that the production of MBFA9 could be increased significantly by adding a small amount of carbon and nitrogen to food wastewater. Under the best experimental conditions (pH 8.5, culture temperature 30°C, 150 r/min), adding 1% (m/v) carbon and 0.1% (m/v) nitrogen to 1% (v/v) wastewater resulted in a yield of MBFA9 of 6.29 g/l. At a temperature of 30°C, pH of 5, contact time of 35 min, and FBA9 dosage of 5%, the removal rate and removal capacity of Pb(II) reached the highest values of 95.1% and 317 mg/g, respectively. Field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis indicated that bacterial cells, metabolite small molecule acids, and MBFA9 in FBA9 all contributed to the removal of Pb(II). Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry analysis indicated that functional groups such as –OH, –COOH, –CO, and –NH2 existed in MBFA9 and on the cell surface. Various mechanisms involved in Pb(II) removal can occur simultaneously, including cell surface adsorption, microcrystallization, and biological flocculation.

scholarly journals Normal Functions of the Spleen Relative to Red Blood Cells: A Review

Blood ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM H. CROSBY
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Cell Production ◽  
Normal Functions ◽  
Normal Spleen ◽  
And Storage

Abstract During all the stages of a red cell’s life the normal spleen exerts a normal function. Eight of these functions have been considered: (1) erythropoiesis; (2) an effect upon red cell production; (3) an effect upon maturation of the red cell surface; (4) the reservoir function; (5) the "culling function"; (6) iron turnover and storage; (7) the "pitting function"; (8) destruction of old red cells.

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