The effect of frequent use of hypnotics on HRQOL in patients receiving LTOT and/or long-term NIV

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomomasa Tsuboi ◽  
Toru Oga ◽  
Takefumi Saito ◽  
Shohei Takada ◽  
Shuichi Yano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frequent Use

scholarly journals Rearing Trissolcus japonicus and Trissolcus mitsukurii for Biological Control of Halyomorpha halys

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 787
Author(s):  
Giuseppino Sabbatini-Peverieri ◽  
Christine Dieckhoff ◽  
Lucrezia Giovannini ◽  
Leonardo Marianelli ◽  
Pio Federico Roversi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Egg Parasitoids ◽  
Halyomorpha Halys ◽  
Progeny Production ◽  
Asian Origin ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Trissolcus Japonicus ◽  
Cumulative Curves

Halyomorpha halys is a severe agricultural pest of Asian origin that has invaded many countries throughout the world. Pesticides are currently the favored control methods, but as a consequence of their frequent use, often disrupt Integrated Pest Management. Biological control with egg parasitoids is seen as the most promising control method over the long-term. Knowledge of the reproductive biology under laboratory conditions of the most effective candidates (Trissolcus japonicus and Trissolcus mitsukurii) for optimizing production for field releases is strongly needed. Rearing of these egg parasitoids was tested by offering three different host supply regimes using new emerged females and aged, host-deprived females in different combinations. Results showed a mean progeny per female ranging from 80 to 85 specimens for T. japonicus and from 63 to 83 for T. mitsukurii. Sex ratios were strongly female biased in all combinations and emergence rates exceeded 94% overall. Cumulative curves showed that longer parasitization periods beyond 10–14 days (under the adopted rearing regimes) will not lead to a significantly increase in progeny production. However, ageing females accumulate eggs in their ovaries that can be quickly laid if a sufficient number of host eggs are supplied, thus optimizing host resources. Our data showed that offering H. halys egg masses to host-deprived female Trissolcus once a week for three weeks allowed its eggs to accumulate in the ovary, providing the greatest number of offspring within a three week span.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Therapy Associated Cardiotoxicity

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. RV18-RV21
Author(s):  
Manisha Jha ◽  
Akram Khan
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Qt Prolongation ◽  
Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
High Concern

The improper and frequent use of antibiotics has been on a rise. Empirical use for unapproved indications leads to development of resistant pathogens. Many other adverse drug reactions are associated with the use of antibiotics. These may be due to the direct effect of these drugs or due to their interactions with other therapeutic agents. Cardiac toxicities like QT prolongation, aortic aneurysms and dissections are of high concern and may result in long-term health risks. To prevent these adverse reactions, antibiotics should be used as per the manufacturer’s and physician’s instructions. The use of interacting drugs should be avoided wherever possible. Polypharmacy practice should be done after considering all the patient’s health aspects. This review summarizes the cardiac toxicities of commonly prescribed antibiotics and their interactions with other drugs.

scholarly journals Pleural infection—an indicator of morbidity and increased burden on health care

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-518
Author(s):  
Antti I Lehtomäki ◽  
Riikka M Nevalainen ◽  
Vesa J Toikkanen ◽  
Emilia S Pohja ◽  
Jaakko J Nieminen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Room ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
P Value ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Clinic Visits

Abstract OBJECTIVES Patients with pleural infections frequently have several comorbidities and inferior long-term survival. We hypothesized that these patients represent a vulnerable cohort with high rates of hospitalization and frequent use of healthcare services. This study aims to ascertain the need for and causes of treatment episodes after pleural infections during long-term follow-up. METHODS Patients treated for pleural infections at Tampere University Hospital between January 2000 and December 2008 (n = 191, 81% males, median age 58 years) were included and compared to a demographically matched population-based random sample of 1910 controls. Seventy percent of the pleural infections were caused by pneumonias and 80% of the patients underwent surgery. Information regarding later in-hospital periods and emergency room and out-patient clinic visits, as well as survival data, was obtained from national registries and compared between patients and controls. RESULTS Patients treated for pleural infections had significantly higher rates of hospitalizations (8.19 vs 2.19), in-hospital days (88.5 vs 26.6), emergency room admissions (3.18 vs 1.45), out-patient clinic visits (41.1 vs 11.8) and procedures performed (1.26 vs 0.55) per 100 patient-months when compared to controls during 5-year follow-up, in addition to having increased mortality (30% vs 11%), P-value <0.00001 each. Particularly, episodes due to respiratory and digestive diseases, malignancies and mental disorders were more frequent. The patients’ comorbidities, such as alcoholism or chronic pulmonary disease, were associated with more frequent use of healthcare services. CONCLUSIONS Patients treated for pleural infections have high rates of hospitalizations, emergency room admissions and out-patient clinic visits during follow-up.

Long Term Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Gilmour ◽  
George Wu ◽  
Ramesh Khanna ◽  
Holger Schilling ◽  
Ahmed Mitwalli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Phosphate Binders ◽  
Bone Mineral Mass ◽  
Frequent Use

After five years on CAPD, 10 patients continued to enjoy a good sense of well being and a reasonable quality of life. More women than men survive on CAPD. After 60 months or more of CAPD, the peritoneal membrane continues to function efficiently, both with regards to dialysis of solutes and ultrafiltration of water. Long-term CAPD patients are at risk of developing vitamin B12 deficiency and should receive regular supplements of this vitamin before clinical manifestations develop. Dally administration of I mg of folic acid gives adequate replacement of such losses during peritoneal dialysis. In spite of vitamin D supplementation and phosphate binders, osteitis fibrosa persisted in these patients and they suffered a gradual loss of bone mineral mass. More frequent use of calcium carbonate as phosphate binder and calcium supplement may minimize this complication. Hypertension is well controlled after initiation of CAPD, but recurs after four to five years of this treatment. We conclude that long term CAPD is feasible and that, with reduction in drop-out rates, more patients will remain on this treatment for long periods.

scholarly journals The Effect of Food Additives (Monosodium Glutamate - MSG) On Human Health - A Critical Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 362-369
Author(s):  
Zahraa Hameed Al-Agili
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Effect Of Food ◽  
Kidney Liver

According to the famous saying of the medieval physician Paracelsus, "There is no substance without poison. Only the dose determines the extent of the toxic effect." Here, the effect of monosodium glutamate (MSG) on human health and the risks to the health of its frequent use in the short term was addressed and the long term was evaluated according to the studies of several researchers specializing in this regard. Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is known as one of the most popular food additives that classified as a flavor enhancer. Parts of the evidence were reviewed from the literature explaining its effect on immune system cells in addition to metabolic disorders by exposing individuals to obesity and what is known as metabolic syndrome, as well as reviewing a lot of evidence indicating the effect of MSG intake on the health of the kidney, liver and other parts of the body through Practical application to laboratory rats and clinical studies in humans.

scholarly journals Impact of Strain Competition on Bacterial Resistance in Immunocompromised Populations

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley A. DeNegre ◽  
Kellen Myers ◽  
Nina H. Fefferman
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Fitness Advantage ◽  
Frequent Use

Despite the risk of emerging drug resistance that occurs with the frequent use of antimicrobial agents, targeted and prophylactic antibiotics have been considered crucial to opportunistic infection management among the HIV/AIDS-immunocompromised. As we recently demonstrated, the disrupted selective pressures that occur in AIDS-prevalent host populations increase the probability of novel emergence. This effect is concerning, given that bacterial strains unresponsive to first-line antibiotics can be particularly dangerous to hosts whose immune response is insufficient to fight infection in the absence of antibiotic support. While greater host susceptibility within a highly immunocompromised population may offer a fitness advantage to drug-resistant bacterial strains, this advantage could be mitigated by increased morbidity and mortality among the AIDS-immunocompromised. Using a Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered (SEIR) epidemiological model parameterized to reflect conditions in an AIDS-prevalent host population, we examine the evolutionary relationship between drug-sensitive and -resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We explore this relationship when the fitness of the resistant strain is varied relative to that of the sensitive strain to investigate the likely long-term multi-strain dynamics of the AIDS-mediated increased emergence of drug resistance.

scholarly journals Should we use a patient’s port as the preferred intravenous route rather than inserting an additional venous access?

2021 ◽  
pp. 112972982110150
Author(s):  
Roberto Biffi ◽  
Antonio La Greca
Keyword(s):  
Central Venous Access ◽  
Venous Access ◽  
Infusion Therapy ◽  
Intravenous Route ◽  
Standards Of Practice ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Practice Recommendation ◽  
Therapy Standards ◽  
Important Evidence

Early in 2021, the Infusion Nursing Society has released the latest version of the Infusion Therapy Standards of Practice. In the last two decades, these Standards have been representing one of the most important evidence-based documents available in the world of venous access. Nevertheless, we were quite concerned reading a recommendation included in chapter 26 (Vascular Access Device Planning: practice recommendation I, C): “Use a patient’s port, unless contraindicated (e.g. existing complication) as the preferred IV route in preference to insertion of an additional VAD.” Such recommendation is offered not on the basis of evidence, but as experts’ opinion (“Committee Consensus”). This Editorial deals with the opinion of GAVeCeLT (The Italian Study Group for Long Term Central Venous Access) that strongly discourage the use of ports for intravenous treatment different from chemotherapy (or from the therapy that specifically required that long term, infrequent access). The rationale for this choice is based on the consideration that the patient’s port—if used in a non-specialty ward—would be at high risk of complications, some of them potentially leading to the loss of the device, and that such complications might be particularly difficult to manage in this setting. The continuous or frequent use of a port transforms it into an external device, thus cancelling the main advantage of a totally subcutaneous location, while adding a significant disadvantage (need for repeated percutaneous punctures and risk of extravasation/infiltration due to improper insertion or dislocation of the non-coring needle). One exception is the possible use of port for radio-diagnostic purposes (as long as the port is power injectable). This strategy may be associated with advantages for the patient, and imaging quality improvement, but requires the adoption of specific protocols for prevention of infective and mechanical complications.

scholarly journals Knowledge about antipsychotic long-acting injections: Bridging that gap

2009 ◽  
Vol 195 (S52) ◽  
pp. s5-s6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Burns
Keyword(s):  
Atypical Antipsychotics ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Significant Component ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Experimental Trials

SummaryAntipsychotics in depot (or ‘long-acting injection’, LAI) form are shown in this supplement to be a significant component of clinical practice. They are comparatively underresearched, which may reflect their frequent use witih poorly adherent patients. This supplement clearly demonstrates the need for that research, highlighting the variations in dosing and the absence of established, specific guidelines in their use. Traditional evidence-based approaches to systematic reviews are of limited utility in this area so this supplement's blending of experimental trials with observational research is particularly appropriate and effective. After a brief decline in their use with the introduction of oral atypical antipsychotics, LAIs are regaining a central position in the care of long-term psychosis. This comprehensive review of current knowledge makes a timely contribution.

Intermittent Breaks of Public Order in the Moroccan Political Context

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-53
Author(s):  
Ben Ahmed Hougua
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Autoregressive Distributed Lag ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Consumer Prices ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Landscape ◽  
Short And Long Term

For more than twenty years, politics in Morocco has been witnessing a change in the cycles of protests under the influence of the parameters linked to the economic liberalization and evolution of the processes of disenchantment with a conventional political culture. The frequent use of repertories of collective action has not failed to shake the political and social landscape to the point that the demobilization of an area is followed by uprisings in neighboring sites. The response of public authorities varies according to the intensity and objectives of the social uprisings. This research is to study the evolution, over time, of the links between repression, the index of consumer prices of basic foodstuffs, and social uprisings. It covers about twenty years from January 1997 to November 2018. In addition to the descriptive temporal evolution, the work applies autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) modeling to examine whether there are short- and long-term associations between the variables mentioned above.

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