Association between nasal and bronchial resistance in patients with COPD

The rate of atmospheric vanadium is constantly increasing due to fossil fuel combustion. This environmental pollution favours vanadium exposure in particular to its vanadate form, causing occupational bronchial asthma and bronchitis. Based on the well admitted bronchodilator properties of the pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), we investigated the ability of this neuropeptide to reverse the vanadate-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in rats. Exposure to ammonium metavanadate aerosols (5 mg/m3/h) for 15 minutes induced 4 hours later an array of pathophysiological events, including increase of bronchial resistance and histological alterations, activation of proinflammatory alveolar macrophages, and increased oxidative stress status. Powerfully, PACAP inhalation (0.1 mM) for 10 minutes alleviated many of these deleterious effects as demonstrated by a decrease of bronchial resistance and histological restoration. PACAP reduced the level of expression of mRNA encoding inflammatory chemokines (MIP-1α, MIP-2, and KC) and cytokines (IL-1αand TNF-α) in alveolar macrophages and improved the antioxidant status. PACAP reverses the vanadate-induced airway hyperresponsiveness not only through its bronchodilator activity but also by counteracting the proinflammatory and prooxidative effects of the metal. Then, the development of stable analogs of PACAP could represent a promising therapeutic alternative for the treatment of inflammatory respiratory disorders.

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New Technic for Study of Drug Actions on Bronchial Resistance in Isolated Lung.

Experimental Biology and Medicine ◽

10.3181/00379727-91-22236 ◽

1956 ◽

Vol 91 (2) ◽

pp. 275-279 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

D. J. Jenden ◽

J. R. Tureman

Keyword(s):

Isolated Lung ◽

Drug Actions ◽

Bronchial Resistance

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Dynamics of the collateral pathways of canine lungs after flow interruption

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1989.67.3.1213 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 67 (3) ◽

pp. 1213-1219 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

M. S. Ludwig ◽

S. Bellofiore ◽

S. A. Shore ◽

J. M. Drazen ◽

J. J. Fredberg

Keyword(s):

Constant Flow ◽

Alveolar Pressure ◽

Time Constants ◽

Closed Chest ◽

Pressure Decay ◽

Flow Interruption ◽

Open Chest ◽

Collateral Pathways ◽

Bronchial Resistance

After interruption of a constant flow (Vcoll) delivered through a bronchoscope into a wedged segment of lung, the pressure at the tip of the bronchoscope (Pb) often decays in a pattern seemingly indicative of two time constants. We tested the hypothesis that the initial more rapid component of the decay is associated with pressure equilibration across the bronchial resistance (Rb), separating bronchoscope tip from alveolus, and that the slower component is associated with pressure equilibration across the collateral pathways separating the wedged segment from surrounding regions. In eight open-chest mongrel dogs, we affixed an alveolar capsule to the segment subtended by the wedged bronchoscope and measured alveolar pressure (PA) and Pb during delivery of Vcoll into the segment and after its sudden interruption. Under both control conditions and after delivery of aerosolized histamine (1.0 or 10 mg/ml), we were unable to demonstrate a gradient between Pb and PA either during constant flow or after flow interruption. Whenever the decay of Pb was not monoexponential, neither was that of PA. Thus there was no evidence of an appreciable Rb, and the rapid component of the decay must be attributable to other factors. In a second protocol, we examined whether behavior departing from monoexponential decay was attributable to the presence of multicompartment behavior within the wedged segment or rather reflected the behavior of a single homogeneous but nonlinear compartment. In five closed-chest dogs, we systematically varied the initial Pb by changing Vcoll and recorded nonexponential pressure decay after flow interruption.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Functional state of the small airways in patients with bronchial asthma associated with obesity

Terapevticheskii arkhiv ◽

10.26442/00403660.2019.01.000031 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 91 (1) ◽

pp. 61-63 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E E Mineeva ◽

M V Antonyuk ◽

A V Yurenko ◽

T A Gvozdenko

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Tract ◽

Bronchial Asthma ◽

Forced Expiratory Volume ◽

Control Group ◽

Bronchial Obstruction ◽

Small Airways ◽

Average Flow Velocity ◽

Residual Capacity ◽

Normal Body Weight ◽

Bronchial Resistance

Aim. To assess the functional status of the small Airways in patients with bronchial asthma associated with obesity, by body plethysmography. Materials and methods. 65 patients with bronchial asthma of mild severity, partially controlled course, including 30 patients with normal body weight and 35 patients with obesity of I degree were examined. Control group-30 healthy volunteers. Examined forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1) ratio of FEV1 to FVC (FEV1/FVC), maximum volumetric exhalation rate after 25.50 and 75% FVC (MEF75, MEF50, MEF25), average flow velocity in the exhalation interval 25-75% of FVC (MMEF25-75). Method bodyplethysmography was evaluated in bronchial resistance, functional residual capacity (FRC), residual volume of the lungs (RV), total lung capacity (TLC), the percentage of RV/TLC. Results. Patients with bronchial asthma with obesity showed a reduction of indicators of bronchial obstruction: FEV1 of 14% (p=0.02), FEV1/FVC by 14% (p=0.001), MEF75 30% (p=0.001), MEF50 by 35% (p=0.001), MEF25 by 44% (p=0.003), MMEF25-75 by 38% (p=0.001). The increase of bronchial resistance on inhalation in 2 times (p=0.001), on exhalation in 3.3 times (p=0.003) was found, which is typical for generalized bronchial obstruction at the proximal level. An increase in RV by 24% (p=0.03), TLC - by 9% (p=0.03), RV/TLC - by 18% (p=0.03), indicating the presence of "air traps" and dysfunction of the small respiratory tract. Conclusion. In patients with asthma of mild severity associated with obesity, both the central bronchis and the distal lung are affected, which are manifested by generalized bronchial obstruction, the formation of "air traps" and dysfunction of the small respiratory tract.

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Structure of pulmonary non-elastic resistance in community-acquired pneumonia

Bulletin of Siberian Medicine ◽

10.20538/1682-0363-2006-3-69-72 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 69-72

Author(s):

T. N. Bodrova ◽

F. F. Tetenev ◽

T. S. Ageyeva ◽

A. V. Levchenko ◽

V. V. Larchenko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aerodynamic Resistance ◽

Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Elastic Resistance ◽

Bronchial Resistance

70 community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) patients and 50 healthy individuals were examined with the identification of general non-elastic resistance (GNR), aerodynamic resistance (40 CAP patients и 30 healthy individuals), bronchial resistance (Raw) (30 CAP patients и 20 healthy individuals), fabric friction (FF). Raw was identified as being within due values. GNR was high due to the FF increase.

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ACOS: Clinical and functional features The Russian formulation mesalazine (kansalazine) in the therapy of ulcerative colitis

Terapevticheskii arkhiv ◽

10.17116/terarkh2017891268-75 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 89 (12) ◽

pp. 68-75 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E A Sobko ◽

S V Chubarova ◽

I V Demko ◽

M M Loktionova ◽

O P Ishchenko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Pulmonary Disease ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Bronchial Obstruction ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Smoking Intensity ◽

Bronchial Resistance ◽

Functional Features ◽

Group 2 ◽

Emergency Drugs

Aim. To investigate the clinical and functional parameters in patients with asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap syndrome (ACOS) versus those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. Subjects and methods. A total of 129 people were examined. 51 patients with ACOS were followed up in Group 1; Group 2 included 38 patients with severe asthma; Group 3 consisted of 40 patients with severe COPD. All the patients underwent clinical examination: history data collection, physical examination, evaluation of disease symptoms, and study of respiratory function (spirometry, body plethysmography). Results. ACOS is clinically characterized by considerable demands for emergency drugs and by more frequent asthmatic fits and exacerbations, which require hospitalization. The parameters of bronchial resistance in ACOS were established to be increased throughout the follow-up period and to be comparable with those in patients with COPD. In the patients with ACOS, the severity of pulmonary hyperinflation was associated with increased demands for emergency drugs (r=0.59; p=0.015). Fixed bronchial obstruction in ACOS can be caused by smoking intensity and duration associated with increased bronchial resistance in expiration (r=0.51; p=0.003) and intrathoracic volume (r=0.71; p=0.0001); as well as increased body mass index (p

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Approximate evaluation of human bronchial resistance during forced expiration

Human Physiology ◽

10.1134/s0362119715030093 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 336-341

Author(s):

V. I. Korenbaum ◽

I. A. Pochekutova

Keyword(s):

Forced Expiration ◽

Approximate Evaluation ◽

Bronchial Resistance

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Some observations on reversed anaphylaxis

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0022172400012134 ◽

1939 ◽

Vol 39 (5) ◽

pp. 471-497 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M. van den Ende

Keyword(s):

Guinea Pig ◽

Intravenous Injection ◽

Guinea Pigs ◽

Immune Reaction ◽

Serum Proteins ◽

Systemic Blood Pressure ◽

Serum Fractions ◽

Bronchial Resistance ◽

Pulmonary Arterial ◽

Pig Serum

1. The symptoms and autopsy findings in guinea-pigs following intravenous injection of antisera prepared against guinea-pig serum or serum fractions are described. Two types of reaction were observed, acute and delayed, similar to those described in direct anaphylaxis.2. The alterations in systemic blood pressure, pulmonary arterial pressure, and bronchial resistance, were investigated and found to simulate closely those observable in ordinary anaphylactic shock.3. The antisera have the power of stimulating contraction of the isolated uterus of the guinea-pig, either in the presence or absence of excess guinea-pig serum. The reaction, like that observed in direct anaphylaxis, is therefore cellular.4. Antisera prepared against guinea-pig serum proteins contain, in addition to precipitins, agglutinins for the red cells of that species, and Forssmann antibody. Neither of the last two antibodies, however, is responsible for the shock phenomena here described. It appears that the potency of a serum to produce shock in guinea-pigs is dependent on several factors, of which the most important is the content in precipitins reacting with the guinea-pig serum proteins. These precipitins give rise to the reactions following intravenous injection into guinea-pigs, not merely as a result of humoral combination with homologous antigens, but largely, if not wholly, as the result of an immune reaction with antigens in the protoplasm of the tissue cells.

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Inhibition of PAF-lnduced Systemic Responses in the Rat, Guinea Pig, Dog and Primate by the Receptor Antagonist SRI 63-441

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1661599 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 56 (01) ◽

pp. 040-044 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

D A Handley ◽

J C Tomesch ◽

R N Saunders

Keyword(s):

Guinea Pig ◽

Clinical Applications ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Primate Model ◽

Disease States ◽

Circulatory Effects ◽

Bronchial Resistance ◽

Dose Dependent ◽

Systemic Responses ◽

Hypotensive Response

SummarySystemic administration of synthetic PAF produces a number of dose-dependent circulatory effects in a variety of species. We have evaluated a novel PAF antagonist, SRI 63-441, for its ability to inhibit PAF-induced effects in the rat, guinea pig, dog and primate. In the rat, a 100 ng kg-1 i.v. PAF challenge produced a (mean ± 1 S.D.) 39 ± 5% decrease in carotid blood pressure. Prior injection of SRI 63-441 inhibited this hypotensive response in a dose-dependent manner, with an ED50 of 0.15 mg kg-1 i.v. In the guinea pig, PAF at 100 ng kg-1 elicited a 50 ± 8% increase in hematocrit and a 50 ± 11% elevation in bronchial resistance. The ED50 values for inhibition by SRI 63-441 of these two physiological parameters were 0.012 mg kg-1 and 0.035 mg kg-1 i.a., respectively. Dogs challenged with 1.5 μg kg-1 PAF i.v. exhibited 28.7 ±6.5% increase in hematocrit 10 min after injection. The ED50 value for SRI 63-441 inhibition of hemoconcentration in the dog was 0.18 mg kg-1 i.v. In the primate model of PAF-induced hemoconcentration, controls responded to 3.5 pg kg-1 i.v. PAF with a 30 ± 6% increase in hematocrit. Using the primates in a cross-over design, the ED50 OF SRI 63-441 WAS 0.11 MG KG 1 i.v. At this ED50 value, the ratio of nmol kg-1 PAF used versus nmol kg-1 antagonist is ∼1:25. The effectiveness of SRI 63-441 in these models suggest potential clinical applications in disease states involving hyperpermeability and pulmonary dysfunction.

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