scholarly journals Two major ruminant acute phase proteins, haptoglobin and serum amyloid A, as serum biomarkers during active sheep scab infestation

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth Wells ◽  
Giles T Innocent ◽  
Peter D Eckersall ◽  
Eilidh McCulloch ◽  
Alasdair J Nisbet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Serum Amyloid A ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Serum Biomarkers ◽  
Serum Amyloid ◽  
Sheep Scab ◽  
Amyloid A

The acute phase response and C-reactive protein

2020 ◽  
pp. 2199-2207
Author(s):  
Mark B. Pepys
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Response ◽  
Serum Amyloid A ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Phase Response ◽  
Serum Amyloid ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Serum Amyloid A Protein

The acute phase response—trauma, tissue necrosis, infection, inflammation, and malignant neoplasia induce a complex series of nonspecific systemic, physiological, and metabolic responses including fever, leucocytosis, catabolism of muscle proteins, greatly increased de novo synthesis and secretion of a number of ‘acute phase’ plasma proteins, and decreased synthesis of albumin, transthyretin, and high- and low-density lipoproteins. The altered plasma protein concentration profile is called the acute phase response. Acute phase proteins—these are mostly synthesized by hepatocytes, in which transcription is controlled by cytokines including interleukin 1, interleukin 6, and tumour necrosis factor. The circulating concentrations of complement proteins and clotting factors increase by up to 50 to 100%; some of the proteinase inhibitors and α‎1-acid glycoprotein can increase three- to fivefold; but C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A protein (an apolipoprotein of high-density lipoprotein particles) are unique in that their concentrations can change by more than 1000-fold. C-reactive protein—this consists of five identical, nonglycosylated, noncovalently associated polypeptide subunits. It binds to autologous and extrinsic materials which contain phosphocholine, including bacteria and their products. Ligand-bound CRP activates the classical complement pathway and triggers the inflammatory and opsonizing activities of the complement system, thereby contributing to innate host resistance to pneumococci and probably to recognition and safe ‘scavenging’ of cellular debris. Clinical features—(1) determination of CRP in serum or plasma is the most useful marker of the acute phase response in most inflammatory and tissue damaging conditions. (2) Acute phase proteins may be harmful in some circumstances. Sustained increased production of serum amyloid A protein can lead to the deposition of AA-type, reactive systemic amyloid.

Haptoglobin and serum amyloid A in milk and serum during acute and chronic experimentally induced Staphylococcus aureus mastitis

2003 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrika Grönlund ◽  
Cecilia Hultén ◽  
Peter D. Eckersall ◽  
Caroline Hogarth ◽  
Karin Persson Waller
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Serum Amyloid A ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Serum Amyloid ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Experimentally Induced

Local and systemic changes in the acute phase proteins, haptoglobin and serum amyloid A (SAA), were studied in six dairy cows during the acute and chronic phases of experimentally induced Staphylococcus aureus mastitis. Haptoglobin and SAA were measured in serum, and in milk from infected and healthy control udder quarters within each cow. Concentrations of haptoglobin and SAA increased rapidly in both serum and milk during the acute phase of mastitis and followed a similar pattern. Significantly raised milk concentrations of SAA were also found during chronic subclinical mastitis. Serum concentrations of SAA also tended to be higher during the chronic phase than pre-infection. Increases in milk haptoglobin and SAA were specific for the infected udder quarters. In conclusion, measurement of SAA in milk samples could be a useful tool in diagnosing mastitis.

Blood constituents of free-ranging eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus)

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jai M. Green-Barber ◽  
Oselyne T. W. Ong ◽  
Anusha Kanuri ◽  
Hayley J. Stannard ◽  
Julie M. Old
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Serum Amyloid A ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Serum Amyloid ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Blood Constituents ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Free Ranging

Baseline haematology, blood chemistry and acute phase protein parameters have not previously been published for free-ranging eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus). Eight eastern grey kangaroos, including three adult males, three adult females and two subadult males from two different populations, were examined. Assays assessed the antibacterial activity of kangaroo serum against one Gram-positive and three Gram-negative bacteria. The kangaroo serum had a strong antibacterial response to Klebsiella pneumoniae, and moderate responses to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The presence and level of acute phase proteins, haptoglobin and serum amyloid A in kangaroos was investigated. Haptoglobin and serum amyloid A were present in kangaroo serum, but only haptoglobin was elevated in a kangaroo with capture myopathy and necrotic wounds. The findings of this study provide preliminary data on health parameters of free-ranging eastern grey kangaroos. These parameters can be used to assist in assessing health in free-ranging populations.

scholarly journals Serum acute phase proteins in Dirofilaria immitis and Wolbachia seropositive cats

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 693-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana C Silvestre-Ferreira ◽  
Lisete Vieira ◽  
Hugo Vilhena ◽  
Jose J Cerón ◽  
Asta Tvarijonaviciute ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
Serum Amyloid A ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Serum Amyloid ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Antibody Titres

Objectives The aim of this study was to characterise the response of acute phase proteins (APPs) in cats seropositive for Dirofilaria immitis and to its endosymbiont bacterium Wolbachia. Methods The APPs serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp) and ceruloplasmin (Cp) were measured in 25 seropositive cats and in 16 healthy seronegative cats. Results SAA and Cp concentrations were significantly higher in animals with D immitis seropositivity that exhibited clinical signs related to the disease, and Hp was elevated in all D immitis-seropositive animals. There was no significant correlation between APPs and D immitis or Wolbachia species antibody titres. Conclusions and relevance An association between feline seropositivity to D immitis and APP response was demonstrated. Increases in serum SAA and Cp concentrations were related to D immitis-associated clinical signs, whereas Hp increased in all seropositive animals.

scholarly journals Correlations between acute phase proteins and the body condition score

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-344
Author(s):  
Mária Vargová ◽  
Rudolf Hromada ◽  
Katarína Veszelits Laktičová ◽  
Terézia Pošiváková ◽  
Juraj Benculák ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Serum Amyloid A ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
The Body ◽  
Serum Amyloid ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Condition Score

The objective of this study was to evaluate the dynamics of the body condition score, acute phase proteins (serum amyloid A and haptoglobin) and their relationships in dairy cows of the Slovak Pied Cattle from 3 weeks before parturition to 9 weeks after parturition. Significant differences were found in the means of serum amyloid A (P < 0.01). Haptoglobin concentrations increased from 172.0 ± 0.05 µg/ml to 173.0 ± 0.13 µg/ ml at week 3 and week 1 before the parturition, respectively. The highest value of haptoglobin was recorded in cows 3 week post partum. Cows during the early postparturient period had significantly higher serum amyloid A concentrations compared to cows in the prepartal period (P < 0.01). Significantly higher body condition score values were observed in dry cows (from 4.42 ± 0.20 to 4.25 ± 0.15 points) than in cows after parturition (from 3.90 ± 0.12 to 3.25 ± 0.08 points) (P < 0.001). In the assessment of correlations between the selected acute phase proteins significant positive correlation was found (r = 0.213, P < 0.05). Moreover, negative correlations were found between the body condition score and acute phase proteins. Our results show a strong relationship between the decrease of the body condition score and the increase of acute phase proteins in dairy cows around parturition which indicates the process of a certain form of non-specific inflammation at loss of body fat.

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