scholarly journals Methodological framework for projecting the potential loss of intraspecific genetic diversity due to global climate change

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Pfenninger ◽  
Miklós Bálint ◽  
Steffen U Pauls
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Intraspecific Genetic Diversity ◽  
Potential Loss

Bridging Theory and Practice

2019 ◽  
pp. 93-116
Author(s):  
Alix Dietzel
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Transnational Governance ◽  
The Social ◽  
Governance Processes ◽  
Change Problem ◽  
Climate Change Governance

Chapter Four sets out the parameters for the cosmopolitan assessment of climate governance. The chapter first provides overview of the processes involved in global climate change governance: multilateral (United Nations Framework for the Convention on Climate Change, or UNFCCC) and transnational (cities, corporations, NGOs, sub-state authorities). Following this, Chapter Four outlines why actors in the UNFCCC and actors involved in transnational governance processes can be held responsible for bringing about a just response to the climate change problem. The chapter grounds the responsibility of these actors in their capability to enable the three demands of justice set out in Chapter Three by restructuring the social and political context. Finally, Chapter Four outlines a methodological framework to clarify how current practice will be assessed. This framework is based on a four-point hierarchy that can be used to investigate to what extent global governance actors enable each demand of justice.

Global climate change increases the need for genetic management

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Frankham ◽  
Jonathan D. Ballou ◽  
Katherine Ralls ◽  
Mark D. B. Eldridge ◽  
Michele R. Dudash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Habitat Management ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Genetic Management ◽  
Fragmented Populations ◽  
Historical Range

Adverse genetic impacts on fragmented populations are expected to accelerate under global climate change. Many populations and species may not be able to adapt in situ, or move unassisted to suitable habitat. Management may reduce these threats by augmenting genetic diversity to improve the ability to adapt evolutionarily, by translocation, including that outside the species’ historical range (assisted colonization) and by ameliorating non-genetic threats. Global climate change amplifies the need for genetic management of fragmented populations.

Global climate change increases the need for genetic management

2019 ◽  
pp. 135-148
Author(s):  
Richard Frankham ◽  
Jonathan D. Ballou ◽  
Katherine Ralls ◽  
Mark D. B. Eldridge ◽  
Michele R. Dudash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Habitat Management ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Genetic Management ◽  
Fragmented Populations ◽  
Historical Range

Adverse genetic impacts on fragmented populations are expected to worsen under global climate change. Many populations and species may not be able to adapt in situ, or to move unassisted to suitable habitat. Management may reduce these threats by augmenting genetic diversity to improve the ability to adapt evolutionarily, by translocation, including that outside the species’ historical range, and by ameliorating non-genetic threats. Global climate change amplifies the need for genetic management of fragmented populations.

scholarly journals Unique genetic variation at a species' rear edge is under threat from global climate change

2011 ◽  
Vol 279 (1726) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Provan ◽  
Christine A. Maggs
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Statistical Testing ◽  
Southern Limit ◽  
Rear Edge ◽  
Future Global Warming ◽  
Edge Populations

Global climate change is having a significant effect on the distributions of a wide variety of species, causing both range shifts and population extinctions. To date, however, no consensus has emerged on how these processes will affect the range-wide genetic diversity of impacted species. It has been suggested that species that recolonized from low-latitude refugia might harbour high levels of genetic variation in rear-edge populations, and that loss of these populations could cause a disproportionately large reduction in overall genetic diversity in such taxa. In the present study, we have examined the distribution of genetic diversity across the range of the seaweed Chondrus crispus , a species that has exhibited a northward shift in its southern limit in Europe over the last 40 years. Analysis of 19 populations from both sides of the North Atlantic using mitochondrial single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), sequence data from two single-copy nuclear regions and allelic variation at eight microsatellite loci revealed unique genetic variation for all marker classes in the rear-edge populations in Iberia, but not in the rear-edge populations in North America. Palaeodistribution modelling and statistical testing of alternative phylogeographic scenarios indicate that the unique genetic diversity in Iberian populations is a result not only of persistence in the region during the last glacial maximum, but also because this refugium did not contribute substantially to the recolonization of Europe after the retreat of the ice. Consequently, loss of these rear-edge populations as a result of ongoing climate change will have a major effect on the overall genetic diversity of the species, particularly in Europe, and this could compromise the adaptive potential of the species as a whole in the face of future global warming.

The impact of global climate change on genetic diversity within populations and species

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 925-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen U. Pauls ◽  
Carsten Nowak ◽  
Miklós Bálint ◽  
Markus Pfenninger
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
The Impact

Predicting impacts of global climate change on intraspecific genetic diversity benefits from realistic dispersal estimates

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul E. Duckett ◽  
Adam J. Stow
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Mobile Species ◽  
Realistic Estimate ◽  
Intraspecific Genetic Diversity ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Gehyra Variegata

Global climates are rapidly changing, which for many species will require dispersal to higher altitudes and latitudes to maintain favourable conditions. Changes in distribution for less mobile species is likely to be associated with losses to genetic diversity, yet this cannot be quantified without understanding which parts of a species distribution will colonise favourable regions in the future. To address this we adopted a realistic estimate of dispersal with predicted changes in species distributions to estimate future levels of intraspecific genetic diversity. Using 740 geckos (Gehyra variegata) collected across their distribution in central and eastern inland Australia, we predict genetic loss within phylogenetically distinct units at both mtDNA and microsatellite markers between 2010 and 2070. We found that using a quantified and realistic estimate of dispersal resulted in significant declines to allelic richness (5.114 to 4.052), haplotype richness (7.215 to 4.589) and phylogenetic diversity (0.012 to 0.005) (P < 0.01). In comparison, predicted losses were substantially over- or underestimated when commonly applied dispersal scenarios were utilised. Using biologically relevant estimates of dispersal will help estimate losses of intraspecific genetic diversity following climate change impacts. This approach will provide critical information for the management of species in the near future.

scholarly journals The state of gene pool of the basic forest-forming species of the white sea watershed (on the example of a Picea × fennica (Regel) kom. And Pinus sylvestris L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-202
Author(s):  
Aleksey A. Ilinov ◽  
Boris V. Raevsky ◽  
Olga V. Chirva
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
White Sea ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
The State ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The White Sea ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Scotch Pine

Background. The genetic diversity of forest tree species populations is a key factor contributing to their resistance against negative effects of human activity, and the global climate change. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the state of gene pools of the main forest-forming species in the White Sea watershed. Materials and methods. Five populations of Norway spruce and seven populations of Scotch pine have been selected within the Arctic zone of the European part of Russia (the western part of the White Sea watershed), along with two boundary ones located near the northern borders of the abovementioned species areas. The analysis of the spruce samples had been performed using five nuclear SSR loci, while for the pine samples it was four. DNA fragments were separated on a sequencer CEQ 8000. The main criteria of the genetic diversity (A99%, Ho, He) and F-statistics were calculated. Results. The marginal spruce populations were characterized by the largest magnitude of the genetic diversity (Ho = 0.46; He = 0.47) and isolation (FST = 0.33) compared to other populations of the same species. The differences were statistically significant. All pine populations studied demonstrated a higher level of genetic diversity (Ho = 0.50, He = 0.63) compared to spruce populations. The differences between the boundary and in-area populations were not statistically reliable (FST = 0.04). Conclusion. Our investigation revealed a sufficiently high level of spruce and pine northern populations genetic diversity making them able to withstand expected negative effects of anthropogenic activity and global climate change.

CORE AND PERIPHERAL POPULATIONS AND GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE

1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uriel N. Safriel ◽  
Sergei Volis ◽  
Salit Kark
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Population Diversity ◽  
Peripheral Populations ◽  
Fluctuating Selection ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Chukar Partridge

Environmental conditions outside the periphery of a species' distribution prevent population persistence, hence peripheral populations live under conditions different from those of core populations. Peripheral areas are characterized by variable and unstable conditions, relative to core areas. Peripheral populations are expected to be genetically more variable, since the variable conditions induce fluctuating selection, which maintains high genetic diversity. Alternatively, due to marginal ecological conditions at the periphery, populations there are small and isolated; the within-population diversity is low, but the between-population genetic diversity is high due to genetic drift. It is also likely that peripheral populations evolve resistance to extreme conditions. Thus, peripheral populations rather than core ones may be resistant to environmental extremes and changes, such as global climate change induced by the anthropogenically emitted “greenhouse gases”. They should be treated as a biogenetic resource used for rehabilitation and restoration of damaged ecosystems. Climatic transition zones are characterized by a high incidence of species represented by peripheral populations, and therefore should be conserved now as repositories of these resources, to be used in the future for mitigating undesirable effects of global climate change. Preliminary research revealed high phenotypic variability and high genetic diversity in peripheral populations relative to core populations of wild barley and the chukar partridge, respectively.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Richard Frankham ◽  
Jonathan D. Ballou ◽  
Katherine Ralls ◽  
Mark D. B. Eldridge ◽  
Michele R. Dudash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Genetic Management ◽  
Loss Of Genetic Diversity

Genetic management of fragmented populations is one of the major, largely unaddressed issues in biodiversity conservation. Many species across the planet have fragmented distributions with small isolated populations that are potentially suffering from inbreeding and loss of genetic diversity (genetic erosion), leading to elevated extinction risk. Fortunately, genetic deterioration can usually be remedied by gene flow from another population (crossing between populations within species), yet this is rarely done, in part because of fears that crossing may be harmful (but we can predict when this will occur). We address management of gene flow between previously isolated populations and genetic management under global climate change.

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