Transcriptional profiling of mammary gland in Holstein cows with extremely different milk protein and fat percentage using RNA sequencing

Serotonin (5-HT) is a homeostatic regulator of lactation. Selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) are commonly prescribed pharmaceuticals that inhibit activity of the 5-HT reuptake transporter, increasing cellular exposure to 5-HT. Use of SSRIs has been shown to alter lactation performance in humans and 5-HT has been shown to reduce milk yield in cattle. However, it has not been determined how SSRI treatments affect the bovine mammary gland. We evaluated the effects of SSRI (fluoxetine (FLX)) administration on tight junctions (TJs) and milk protein gene expression in a lactogenic culture model, using primary bovine mammary epithelial cells (pBMEC). Additionally, we evaluated the effects of intramammary infusions of FLX and 5-hydroxytryptophan on milk production and TJ status in multiparous Holstein cows at dry-off. Treatment of pBMEC cultured on permeable membranes disrupted TJs, as measured by transepithelial resistance and immunostaining for zona occludens 1. Correspondingly, treatment of ‘3D’, collagen-embedded lactogenic cultures of pBMEC with FLX suppressed milk protein gene expression (α-lactalbumin and β-casein) in a concentration-dependent manner. Finally, intramammary treatment of Holstein cows with FLX resulted in an accelerated rate of milk decline. Additionally, TJ permeability increased in FLX-treated animals, as measured by plasma lactose and milk Na+ and K+ levels. Results of these experiments imply that SSRI administration accelerates the rate of mammary gland involution through disassembly of TJs and inhibition of milk protein gene expression in vitro and in vivo, leading to reduction of milk yield.

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Comprehensive MicroRNA Expression Profile of the Mammary Gland in Lactating Dairy Cows With Extremely Different Milk Protein and Fat Percentages

Frontiers in Genetics ◽

10.3389/fgene.2020.548268 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaogang Cui ◽

Shengli Zhang ◽

Qin Zhang ◽

Xiangyu Guo ◽

Changxin Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mammary Gland ◽

Rna Sequencing ◽

Differentially Expressed Genes ◽

Small Rna ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Small Rna Sequencing ◽

Rna Seq

A total of 31 differentially expressed genes in the mammary glands were identified in our previous study using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), for lactating cows with extremely high and low milk protein and fat percentages. To determine the regulation of milk composition traits, we herein investigated the expression profiles of microRNA (miRNA) using small RNA sequencing based on the same samples as in the previous RNA-Seq experiment. A total of 497 known miRNAs (miRBase, release 22.1) and 49 novel miRNAs among the reads were identified. Among these miRNAs, 71 were found differentially expressed between the high and low groups (p < 0.05, q < 0.05). Furthermore, 21 of the differentially expressed genes reported in our previous RNA-Seq study were predicted as target genes for some of the 71 miRNAs. Gene ontology and KEGG pathway analyses showed that these targets were enriched for functions such as metabolism of protein and fat, and development of mammary gland, which indicating the critical role of these miRNAs in regulating the formation of milk protein and fat. With dual luciferase report assay, we further validated the regulatory role of 7 differentially expressed miRNAs through interaction with the specific sequences in 3′UTR of the targets. In conclusion, the current study investigated the complexity of the mammary gland transcriptome in dairy cattle using small RNA-seq. Comprehensive analysis of differential miRNAs expression and the data from previous study RNA-seq provided the opportunity to identify the key candidate genes for milk composition traits.

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Effects of compensatory growth on the expression of milk protein gene and biochemical changes of the mammary gland in Holstein cows

The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry ◽

10.1016/s0955-2863(98)00027-8 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 380-387 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Y.J. Choi ◽

K. Jang ◽

D.S. Yim ◽

M.G. Baik ◽

K.H. Myung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mammary Gland ◽

Compensatory Growth ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Protein Gene ◽

Biochemical Changes ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

Milk Protein Gene

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Transcriptional profiling of two different physiological states of the yak mammary gland using RNA sequencing

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0201628 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. e0201628 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fan Jiangfeng ◽

Luo Yuzhu ◽

Yu Sijiu ◽

Cui Yan ◽

Xu Gengquan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mammary Gland ◽

Rna Sequencing ◽

Transcriptional Profiling

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Transcriptional profiling of swine mammary gland during the transition from colostrogenesis to lactogenesis using RNA sequencing

BMC Genomics ◽

10.1186/s12864-018-4719-5 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

V. Palombo ◽

J. J. Loor ◽

M. D’Andrea ◽

M. Vailati-Riboni ◽

K. Shahzad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mammary Gland ◽

Rna Sequencing ◽

Transcriptional Profiling

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Gene polymorphisms influencing yield, composition and technological properties of milk from Czech Simmental and Holstein cows

Animal Bioscience ◽

10.5713/ajas.19.0520 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 2-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jindřich Čítek ◽

Michaela Brzáková ◽

Lenka Hanusová ◽

Oto Hanuš ◽

Libor Večerek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Fatty Acid Synthase ◽

Field Research ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

Technological Properties ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Protein Percentage ◽

Polymorphic Loci ◽

Milk Fermentation

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of polymorphic loci and other factors on milk performance and the technological properties of milk.Methods: The analysis was performed on Simmental and Holstein cows in field conditions (n = 748). Milk yield in kg, fat and protein percentage and yield were evaluated. Technological properties were evaluated by milk fermentation ability, renneting, and an alcohol test. Polymorphisms in the acyl-CoA diacylgycerol transferase 1 (DGAT1), leptin (LEP), fatty acid synthase (FASN), stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), casein beta (CSN2), casein kappa (CSN3), and lactoglobulin beta genes were genotyped, and association analysis was performed.Results: The DGAT1 AA genotype was associated with higher milk, protein and fat yields (p<0.05). The MM genotype in the LEP gene was associated with a lower protein percentage and the W allele with a higher protein percentage (p<0.05). In cows with the FASN GG genotype, the protein percentage was higher, but the A allele was associated with higher milk, protein and fat yields than the G allele. The TT genotype in SCD1 was associated with the lowest milk, protein and fat yields and with the highest milk protein percentage (p<0.01). The T allele had higher values than the C allele (p<0.05) except for fat percentage. The genotype CSN3 AA was associated with a significantly heightened milk yield; BB was associated with a high protein percentage. The effect of the alleles on the technological properties was not significant. The CSN3 BB genotype was associated with the best alcohol test (p<0.01), and the renneting order was inverse. Milk from cows with the CSN2 A1A1 genotype was best in the milk fermentation ability. CSN3 significantly affected the technological properties.Conclusion: The findings revealed the potential of some polymorphic loci for use in dairy cattle breeding and for the management of milk quality. In field research, the pivotal role of farms in milk yield, composition and technological properties was confirmed.

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Anti-mastitis SNV identification of NFκB1 in Chinese Holstein cows and the possible anti-inflammation role of NFκB1/p105 in bovine MECs

Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica ◽

10.1093/abbs/gmaa118 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 52 (11) ◽

pp. 1191-1201

Author(s):

Ling Chen ◽

Rongfu Tian ◽

Huilin Zhang ◽

Xiaolin Liu

Keyword(s):

Somatic Cell ◽

Mrna Expression ◽

Protein Content ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

Chinese Holstein ◽

Milk Protein Content ◽

Chinese Holstein Cows ◽

Anti Inflammation

Abstract NFκB1/p105 is the critical member of the NFκB family which can suppress inflammation, ageing, and cancer when p50/p50 homodimer is formed. Currently, the research about the role of NFκB1/p105 during cow mastitis is limited. Here, we analyzed the correlation of six single-nucleotide variants of the NFκB1 gene with somatic cell count, milk yield, milk fat content, and milk protein content in 547 Chinese Holstein cows, and explored the mRNA expression profiles of the NFκB family and ubiquitin ligases (βTrCP1, βTrCP2, KPC1, KPC2) in LPS-induced bovine mammary epithelial cells (MECs) by transcriptome-Seq. The association analysis showed that cows with SNV2-TT and SNV6-CC in the NFκB1 gene had significantly higher milk protein content (P < 0.05), while cows with SNV5-TT in the NFκB1 gene had significantly lower somatic cell score (SCS), but CC genotype at SNV5 locus was not detected in our Holstein cows. The transcriptome-Seq results demonstrated the mRNA expression of NFκB1 was increased and peaked at 4 h post-induction, while the mRNA expressions of both KPC1 and BCL3 that promote the anti-inflammation function of NFκB1/p105 were decreased in LPS-induced bovine MECs. TNFAIP3, an inhibitor of both degradation and processing of p105 precursor, was markedly increased by more than 3 folds. Furthermore, bta-miR-125b which targets at the 3ʹUTR of TNFAIP3 was reduced by 50%. These results indicated that SNV5-TT of the NFκB1 gene with lower SCS may be an anti-mastitis genotype that could cope with infection more efficiently in Chinese Holstein cows. In addition, the anti-inflammation role of NFκB1/p105 seemed to be inhibited in LPS-induced-bovine MECs because the formation of the p50/p50 homodimer was arrested. This study provides a new perspective to understand the inflammatory mechanism in dairy mastitis.

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