Anti-mastitis SNV identification of NFκB1 in Chinese Holstein cows and the possible anti-inflammation role of NFκB1/p105 in bovine MECs

Abstract NFκB1/p105 is the critical member of the NFκB family which can suppress inflammation, ageing, and cancer when p50/p50 homodimer is formed. Currently, the research about the role of NFκB1/p105 during cow mastitis is limited. Here, we analyzed the correlation of six single-nucleotide variants of the NFκB1 gene with somatic cell count, milk yield, milk fat content, and milk protein content in 547 Chinese Holstein cows, and explored the mRNA expression profiles of the NFκB family and ubiquitin ligases (βTrCP1, βTrCP2, KPC1, KPC2) in LPS-induced bovine mammary epithelial cells (MECs) by transcriptome-Seq. The association analysis showed that cows with SNV2-TT and SNV6-CC in the NFκB1 gene had significantly higher milk protein content (P < 0.05), while cows with SNV5-TT in the NFκB1 gene had significantly lower somatic cell score (SCS), but CC genotype at SNV5 locus was not detected in our Holstein cows. The transcriptome-Seq results demonstrated the mRNA expression of NFκB1 was increased and peaked at 4 h post-induction, while the mRNA expressions of both KPC1 and BCL3 that promote the anti-inflammation function of NFκB1/p105 were decreased in LPS-induced bovine MECs. TNFAIP3, an inhibitor of both degradation and processing of p105 precursor, was markedly increased by more than 3 folds. Furthermore, bta-miR-125b which targets at the 3ʹUTR of TNFAIP3 was reduced by 50%. These results indicated that SNV5-TT of the NFκB1 gene with lower SCS may be an anti-mastitis genotype that could cope with infection more efficiently in Chinese Holstein cows. In addition, the anti-inflammation role of NFκB1/p105 seemed to be inhibited in LPS-induced-bovine MECs because the formation of the p50/p50 homodimer was arrested. This study provides a new perspective to understand the inflammatory mechanism in dairy mastitis.

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Production and composition of milk per Holstein and Jersey cow from two farms in northwest Rio Grande do Sul

Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal ◽

10.1590/s1519-99402121212020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

Author(s):

Júlia Laize Bandeira CALGARO ◽

Júnior FIORESI ◽

João Pedro VELHO ◽

Fernanda Hammes STROEHER ◽

Dileta Regina Moro ALESSIO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Somatic Cell ◽

Protein Content ◽

Milk Production ◽

Body Condition ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Body Condition Score ◽

Dry Extract ◽

Milk Protein Content ◽

Condition Score ◽

Negative Relationships

ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to monitor cow milk quality and composition in two farms in the Noroeste Rio-grandense mesoregion, located in the municipalities of Palmeira das Missões and Pinhal - RS. Both herds were mixed, with animals of the Holstein (70%) and Jersey (30%) breeds. The following overall parameters were evaluated: body condition score (BCS), udder dirtiness, and calving order, and the following milk composition factors were measured: total dry extract (TDE), defatted dry extract (DDE), milk lactose, fat, and protein contents, casein, milk urea nitrogen (MUN), and somatic cell count (SCC). Multivariate statistical analysis was performed, and four factors were identified representing combinations of the measured variables. The first factor comprised negative relationships between milk production and cow breed, milk fat content, and milk protein content. The second factor comprised the positive relationships between lactation days and body condition score and milk protein content. The third factor represented the negative relationships between milk lactose content and SCC score, calving order, and BCS. The fourth factor was composed of the positive relationship between delivery order and udder dirtiness. Cluster analysis revealed that individual cows could be categorized into three groups. Monitoring the breed, calving order, body condition score, lactation days, milk production, fat, protein, and lactose contents, somatic cell counts, and udder dirtiness in cows allows greater control of the herd, allowing potential shortcomings to be rectified quickly and economic losses to production to be minimized.

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Two single nucleotide polymorphisms sites in α1-AT gene and their association with somatic cell score in Chinese Holstein cows

Journal of Biological Research-Thessaloniki ◽

10.1186/s40709-017-0065-z ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Xiao-Fei Guo ◽

Wen-Ping Hu ◽

Xian-Zheng Lang ◽

Qiu-Ling Li ◽

Xiang-Yu Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Somatic Cell ◽

Somatic Cell Score ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Single Nucleotide ◽

Chinese Holstein ◽

Chinese Holstein Cows

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SERPINA1 gene identified in RNA-Seq showed strong association with milk protein concentration in Chinese Holstein cows

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.8460 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. e8460

Author(s):

Cong Li ◽

Wentao Cai ◽

Shuli Liu ◽

Chenghao Zhou ◽

Hongwei Yin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protein Concentration ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

Phenotypic Traits ◽

Phenotypic Variance ◽

Rna Seq ◽

Chinese Holstein ◽

Link Type ◽

A Genome ◽

Chinese Holstein Cows

The detection of candidate genes and mutations associated with phenotypic traits is important for livestock animals. A previous RNA-Seq study revealed that SERPINA1 gene was a functional candidate that may affect milk protein concentration in dairy cows. To further confirm the genetic effect of SERPINA1 on milk protein traits, genetic polymorphisms were identified and genotype-phenotype associations were performed in a large Chinese Holstein cattle population. The entire coding region and the 5′-regulatory region (5′-UTR) of SERPINA1 was sequenced using pooled DNA of 17 unrelated sires. Association studies for five milk production traits were performed using a mixed model with a population encompassing 1,027 Chinese Holstein cows. A total of four SNPs were identified in SERPINA1, among which rs210222822 and rs41257068 presented in exons, rs207601878 presented in an intron, and rs208607693 was in the 5′-UTR. Analyses of pairwise D′ measures of linkage disequilibrium (LD) showed strong linkage among these four SNPs (D′ = 0.99–1.00), and a 9 Kb haplotype block involving three main haplotypes with GTGT, CCCC and CCGT was inferred. An association study revealed that all four single SNPs and their haplotypes had significant genetic effects on milk protein percentage, milk protein yield and milk yield (P = 0.0458 − < 0.0001). The phenotypic variance ratio for all 11 significant SNP-trait pairs ranged from 1.01% to 7.54%. The candidate gene of SERPINA1 revealed by our previous RNA-Seq study was confirmed to have pronounced effect on milk protein traits on a genome level. Two SNPs (rs208607693 and rs210222822) presented phenotypic variances of approximately 7% and may be used as key or potential markers to assist selection for new lines of cows with high protein concentration.

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Genetic parameters for somatic cell score and production traits in the first three lactations of Chinese Holstein cows

Journal of Integrative Agriculture ◽

10.1016/s2095-3119(14)60758-9 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 125-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Fu-ping ZHAO ◽

Gang GUO ◽

Ya-chun WANG ◽

Xiang-yu GUO ◽

Yuan ZHANG ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Somatic Cell ◽

Genetic Parameters ◽

Somatic Cell Score ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

Production Traits ◽

Chinese Holstein ◽

Chinese Holstein Cows

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l-Lactate Dehydrogenase B Chain Associated with Milk Protein Content in Dairy Cows

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani9070442 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 442 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tao Wang ◽

Seung Woo Jeon ◽

U Suk Jung ◽

Min Jeong Kim ◽

Hong Gu Lee

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Mrna Expression ◽

Protein Content ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Negative Control ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Milk Protein Content

This study aimed to explore genes associated with milk protein content in dairy cows and their relationships with l-leucine. Ten primiparous Holstein cows (93.8 ± 11.56 milking days) fed the same diet were divided into two groups depending on their milk protein contents (group High, 3.34 ± 0.10%; and group Low, 2.86 ± 0.05%). Milk epithelial cells (MECs) were isolated from the collected morning milk and differentially expressed proteins in MECs were explored by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). Then, the mRNA expression of these proteins was detected by real time PCR in MAC-T cells incubated with three different media named positive control (PC), negative control (NC), and l-leucine depletion (NO-leu). Results showed that ten proteins were differentially expressed in MECs from cows in group High. They included seven down-regulated ones (heat shock protein beta-1 (HSPB1), 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP-78), l-lactate dehydrogenase B chain (LDH-B), malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic (MDH1), annexin I (ANXA1), cytokeratin-7 (CK-7), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH)), and three up-regulated ones (prohibitin (PHB), beta casein (CSN2), and alpha S1 casein (CSN1S1)). When l-leucine was depleted from the medium, not only proteins content was lowered (p < 0.05), but also the LDH-B mRNA expression was decreased in MAC-T cells (p < 0.05). In conclusion, LDH-B is negatively associated with the milk protein content of dairy cows and has a positive association with l-leucine.

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Polymorphisms of the ACSL1 Gene Influence Milk Production Traits and Somatic Cell Score in Chinese Holstein Cows

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10122282 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 2282

Author(s):

Yan Liang ◽

Qisong Gao ◽

Qiang Zhang ◽

Abdelaziz Adam Idriss Arbab ◽

Mingxun Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Somatic Cell ◽

Milk Production ◽

Somatic Cell Score ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

Production Traits ◽

Milk Production Traits ◽

Chinese Holstein ◽

Chain Acyl ◽

Chinese Holstein Cows ◽

Long Chain

Improving the quality of milk is a challenge for zootechnicians and dairy farms across the globe. Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1 (ACSL1) is a significant member of the long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase gene family. It is widely found in various organisms and influences the lactation performance of cows, including fat percentage, milk protein percentage etc. Our study was aimed to investigate the genetic effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ACSL1 on milk production traits. Twenty Chinese Holstein cows were randomly selected to extract DNA from their blood samples for PCR amplification and sequencing to identify SNPs of the bovine ACSL1 gene, and six SNPs (5’UTR-g.20523C>G, g.35446C>T, g.35651G>A, g.35827C>T, g.35941G>A and g.51472C>T) were discovered. Then, Holstein cow genotyping (n = 992) was performed by Sequenom MassARRAY based on former SNP information. Associations between SNPs and milk production traits and somatic cell score (SCS) were analyzed by the least-squares method. The results showed that SNP g.35827C>T was in high linkage disequilibrium with g.35941G>A. Significant associations were found between SNPs and test-day milk yield (TDMY), fat content (FC), protein content (PC) and SCS (p < 0.05). Among these SNPs, SNP 5’UTR-g.20523C>G showed an extremely significant effect on PC and SCS (p < 0.01). The SNP g.35446C>T showed a statistically significant effect on FC, PC, and SCS (p < 0.01), and also TDMY (p < 0.05). The SNP g.35651G>A had a statistically significant effect on PC (p < 0.01). The SNP g.35827C>T showed a highly significant effect on TDMY, FC, and SCS (p < 0.01) and significantly influenced PC (p < 0.05). Lastly, SNP g.51472C>T was significantly associated with TDMY, FC, and SCS (p < 0.05). In summary, the pleiotropic effects of bovine ACSL1 for milk production traits were found in this paper, but further investigation will be required on the intrinsic correlation to provide a theoretical basis for the research on molecular genetics of milk quality traits of Holstein cows.

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Effect of milk protein content in Toddler formula on later BMI and obesity risk: protocol of the multicentre randomised controlled Toddler Milk Intervention (ToMI) trial

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048290 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. e048290

Author(s):

Veit Grote ◽

Vanessa Jaeger ◽

Joaquin Escribano ◽

Marta Zaragoza ◽

Mariona Gispert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Protein Content ◽

Milk Protein ◽

First Year ◽

Obesity Risk ◽

Milk Protein Content ◽

Second Year Of Life ◽

Second Year ◽

First Year Of Life

IntroductionReduction of milk protein content in infant formula provided during the first year of life has been shown to reduce early weight gain and obesity later in life. While rapid weight gain during the first 2 years of life is one of the strongest early predictors of obesity, the role of animal protein intake beyond the first year of life is unclear. The aim of this study is to examine the role of milk protein during the second year of life in healthy children on weight gain and obesity risk in preschool age.Methods and analysisThis randomised, double-blinded study enrolled 1618 children aged 11.5–13.5 months in Spain and Germany into two groups receiving isocaloric toddler milk with differing protein content during the second year of life. The experimental formula contains 1.5 g/100 kcal and the control formula 6.15 g/100 kcal protein and otherwise equal formula composition, except for modified fat content to achieve equal energy density. The primary endpoint is body mass index (BMI)-for-age z-score at the age of 24 months adjusted for BMI at 12 months of age. The children are followed until 6 years of age.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was obtained from the ethical committees of the LMU University Hospital Munich, Germany (Nr. 555-15) and at Institut d’Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Reus, Spain (Ref. CEIm IISPV 013/2016). We aim at publishing results in peer-reviewed journals and sharing of results with study participants.Trial registration numberNCT02907502.

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The relationship between freezing point of milk and milk components and its changes during lactation in Czech Pied and Holstein cows

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis ◽

10.11118/actaun200553050063 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 53 (5) ◽

pp. 63-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Gustav Chládek ◽

Vladimír Čejna

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Freezing Point ◽

Fat Content ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

Milk Protein Content ◽

Milk Components ◽

The Relationship

The freezing point of milk (FPM) is an instant indicator of violated technological quality of raw milk, especially of dilution. FPM can also vary due to numerous effects associated with changes in milk composition and milk characteristics. Beside the effect of season, phase of lactation, breed, milk yield, sub-clinical mastitis etc. the impacts of nutrition and dietary or metabolic disorders are the most significant and the most frequent (GAJDŮŠEK, 2003). FPM is a relatively stable physical characteristic and due to osmotically active elements it ranges from – 0.510 to – 0.535 °C (HANUŠ et al., 2003b). Recently ŠUSTOVÁ (2001) studied the freezing point of milk in pool samples; she observed seasonal changes in FPM of mixed milk and the effect of different diets on FPM values. KOLOŠTA (2003) looked into the effect of grazing season on FPM. HANUŠ et al. (2003a) analysed possible effects of handling of milk components on FPM.The aim of this work was to describe the relationship between FPM and milk components and the impact of breed, number and phase of lactation on FPM. We analysed 328 milk samples in total, out of which 137 samples were of Czech Pied cows and 191 samples of Holstein cows. The effect of number and phase of lactation was evaluated for both breeds together. The greatest coefficients of correlation in total were found between FPM and lactose content (r = 0.600) and solids non fat (r = 0.523). Lower coefficients of correlation were found between FPM and milk fat content (r = 0.235), milk protein content (r = 0.260) and urea concentration (r = 0.256). These coefficients were considerably lower in Holstein cows than in Czech Pied cows. The coefficients of correlation between FPM and number and phase of lactation and somatic cells count were insignificant. The total mean value of FPM was – 0.534 °C. Breed statistically significantly (P<0.01) affected FPM (+0.006 °C in C breed) and milk fat content (+0.19 % in H breed). Breed highly significantly (P<0.001) affected daily milk yield (+4.9 kg milk in H), milk protein content (+0.27 % in C) and solids non fat (+0.37 % in C). On the contrary, breed had no significant effect on lactose content, urea concentration and somatic cells count.Variability of FPM was greater in Czech Pied cows (5.9 %) than in Holstein cows (0.9 %). Number of lactation had no significant effect on FPM (maximum difference between lactations was 0.008 °C). Phase of lactation had no significant effect on FPM either. Our study revealed the fact that FPM was most of all affected by lactose content and solids non fat. However, the decrease of lactose content was compensated by a tendency of mammary glad to keep constant osmotic pressure. As the somatic sells count was low, there was no decline in lactose content during later lactations so no significant decrease of FPM occurred.

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