scholarly journals Secular trends in pediatric antiretroviral treatment programs in rural and urban Zambia: a retrospective cohort study

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine G Sutcliffe ◽  
Carolyn Bolton-Moore ◽  
Janneke H van Dijk ◽  
Matt Cotham ◽  
Bushimbwa Tambatamba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Secular Trends ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Rural And Urban

scholarly journals Effect of highly active anti-retroviral treatment on TB incidence among HIV infected children and their clinical profile, retrospective Cohort study, South West Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firew Tiruneh Tiyare ◽  
Yared Deyas Deyas
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Marginal Structural Model ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Children younger than 15 years, carries almost 80% of the global burden of HIV/ AIDS. Nearly, 50% of cases of tuberculosis are attributed to HIV infection. HIV worsen the progression of latent TB to active TB disease. Despite antiretroviral treatment has shown marked reduction in Tuberculosis incidence , TB continues to occur in Sub Saharan country including Ethiopia. The effect of highly active antiretroviral treatment is quite successful in developed country while in developing country TB/HIV co-infection remains perplexing among children on the treatment. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of ART on the incidence of tuberculosis among Children infected with HIV in southwest Ethiopia. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on randomly selected 800 samples from ART clinic; between 2009 to 2014. We used chi-square test, and Mann-WhitneyU test to compare HAART naïve and HAART cohort. We used marginal structural models to estimate the effect of HAART on survival while accounting for time-dependent confounders affected by exposure. Result: A total of 844 children were followed for 2942.99 child-years. The children were observed for a median of 51 months with IQR 31 and for a total of 2942.99 child-years. From 506 OIs that occurred, the most common reported OIs were Pneumonia (22%) and TB (23.6 %). The overall TB incidence rate was 7.917 per 100 child years (95% CI, 6.933-9.002). Whereas among HAART (7.667 per 100 -years (95% CI, 6.318-9.217) and 8.1686 per 100 person-years (95% CI 6.772-9.767) for HAART naïve. The mortality hazard ratio comparing HAART with no HAART from a marginal structural model was 0.642 (95% CI 0.442-0.931, p<0.02) Conclusions: HAART reduced the hazard of TB in HIV-infected children by 36%. This is by far less than expected. Key Words- TB incidence, HAART, Clinical Profile ted children by 36%. This is by far less than expected. Key Words- TB incidence, HAART, Clinical Profile

scholarly journals Secular trends in incidence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in Hong Kong: A retrospective cohort study

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. e1003052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea O. Y. Luk ◽  
Calvin Ke ◽  
Eric S. H. Lau ◽  
Hongjiang Wu ◽  
William Goggins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Secular Trends

scholarly journals Effect of highly active antiretroviral treatment on TB incidence among HIV infected children and their clinical profile, retrospective cohort study, South West Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Firew Tiruneh ◽  
Yared Deyas
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
The Impact

AbstractGlobally, 1.8 million HIV infected children live with HIV; nearly 53% of them were receiving HIV treatment. People who are infected with HIV are 18 times more likely to develop active TB. Despite antiretroviral treatment has shown marked reduction in TB incidence, TB continues to occur in Sub-Saharan countries including Ethiopia among HIV infected people. The effect of highly active antiretroviral treatment is quite successful in developed countries. However, in developing country TB/HIV co-infection remains perplexing among children on the treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of ART on the incidence of TB among Children infected with HIV in Southwest Ethiopia. A retrospective cohort study was conducted on randomly selected 800 samples from ART clinic between 2009 and 2014. We used chi-square test, and Mann–Whitney U test to compare HAART naïve and HAART cohort. We used marginal structural models to estimate the effect of HAART on survival while accounting for time-dependent confounders affected by exposure. A total of 800 children were followed for 2942.99 child-years. The children were observed for a median of 51 months with IQR 31 and for a total of 2942.99 child-years. From 506 OIs that occurred, the most common reported OIs were Pneumonia (22%) and TB (23.6%). The overall TB incidence rate was 7.917 per 100 child years (95% CI, 6.933–9.002). Whereas among HAART (7.667 per 100-years (95% CI, 6.318–9.217) and 8.1686 per 100 person-years (95% CI 6.772–9.767) for HAART naïve. The mortality hazard ratio comparing HAART with no HAART from a marginal structural model was 0.642 (95% CI 0.442–0.931, p < 0.02). HAART reduced the hazard of TB in HIV-infected children by 36%. This is by far less than expected.

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