Histological and Physiological Studies on the Long-term Effect of Different Concentrations of Energy Drink (Tiger) on the Renal and Hepatic Systems of Young Mice

The present study aims to investigate the long-term histopathological, and physiological effects of different concentrations of a commercially available energy drink (Tiger) on liver and kidney of young mice. Sixteen Balb/c male mice,6 -week old, were divided into 4 groups (n=4). Two groups consumed the energy drink at a concentration of 28µl energy drink/ml water. One group were killed after 10 days (T1), another group were killed after 20 days (T2). Other group of mice consumed the energy drink at a final concentration of 14µl/ml for 20 days (T3). The last group was provided only with water and served as control. Mice of all groups drank around 3 ml per day. The histopathological study on liver of treated groups showed many changes such as inflammatory cells infiltration and aggregation with hepatocyts necrosis, some of these necrosis replaced by RBCs and inflammatory cells, while the pathohistological changes in kidney of treated groups limited to aggregation of RBCs and inflammatory cells between renal tubules which expressed vacuolar degeneration. These changes based on elevated liver function enzymes (Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (GOT), Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (GPT) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)) and blood urea and creatinine. These changes were more in the T2 groups, so it could be concluded that long term of energy drink consuming effect histopathologically and physiologically on kidney and liver of young mice depending on its concentration and period of consuming.

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The Primary Investigation on Biological Effect of Mesoporous Bioactive Glass In Vivo

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.750-752.1651 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 750-752 ◽

pp. 1651-1655

Author(s):

Bai Yan Sui ◽

Cheng Tie Wu ◽

Jiao Sun

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Glass ◽

Biological Effect ◽

Degradation Products ◽

Long Term Effect ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

Mesoporous Bioactive Glass

Mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) has superior bioactivity and degradation than non-mesoporous bioactive glass (BG) in vitro. But the biological effect of MBG in vivo is still unknown. In this study, MBG powders with 20μm were implanted into the femoral condyles in SD rats. BG powders with 20μm were used as a control. The local degradation and osteogenesis were observed at 1 week and 4 weeks after implantation, and the systemic toxicity of the degradation products were also evaluated simultaneously. The results revealed MBG powders had the faster rate of degradation and better osteogenesis effect than BG powders at 4 weeks, although the most of material still remained in situ. Histopathological analyses indicated the degradation products did not have any damage to major organs such as liver and kidney. In conclusion, this preliminary study demonstrated that MBG powders have more excellent biological effect at 4 weeks than that of BG in vivo. However the long-term effect needs to be confirmed.

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The multiple organs insult and compensation mechanism in mice exposed to hypobaric hypoxia

Cell Stress and Chaperones ◽

10.1007/s12192-020-01117-w ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (5) ◽

pp. 779-791 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ning Li ◽

Qiuyue Li ◽

Jinrong Bai ◽

Ke Chen ◽

Hailing Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽

Inflammatory Cells ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Renal Tubules ◽

Compensation Mechanism ◽

Basal Cells ◽

Multiple Organs ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

Endothelial Growth Factor ◽

The Brain

Abstract This study was first and systematically conducted to evaluate the hypoxia response of the brain, heart, lung, liver, and kidney of mice exposed to an animal hypobaric chamber. First, we examined the pathological damage of the above tissues by Hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) staining. Secondly, biochemical assays were used to detect oxidative stress indicators such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), and oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Finally, the hypoxia compensation mechanism of tissues was evaluated by expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α), erythropoietin (EPO), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). During the experiment, the mice lost weight gradually on the first 3 days, and then, the weight loss tended to remain stable, and feed consumption showed the inverse trend. H&E staining results showed that there were sparse and atrophic neurons and dissolved chromatin in the hypoxia group. And hyperemia occurred in the myocardium, lung, liver, and kidney. Meanwhile, hypoxia stimulated the enlargement of myocardial space, the infiltration of inflammatory cells in lung tissue, the swelling of epithelial cells in hepatic lobules and renal tubules, and the separation of basal cells. Moreover, hypoxia markedly inhibited the activity of SOD and GSH and exacerbated the levels of MDA and GSSG in the serum and five organs. In addition, hypoxia induced the expression of HIF-1α, EPO, and VEGF in five organs. These results suggest hypoxia leads to oxidative damage and compensation mechanism of the brain, heart, lung, liver, and kidney in varying degrees of mice.

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Clinical and Histopathological Study of Important Air-Breathing Fishes

Progressive Agriculture ◽

10.3329/pa.v19i1.17109 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 69-78 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

ZP Patwary ◽

MAR Faruk ◽

MM Ali

Keyword(s):

Clinical Signs ◽

Inflammatory Cells ◽

Histopathological Study ◽

Cell Debris ◽

Anabas Testudineus ◽

Air Breathing ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

Health And Disease ◽

Massive Necrosis ◽

Gill Lamellae

A study was conducted to know the health and disease problems of three important air-breathing fishes viz. Shing (Heteropneustes fossilis), Magur (Clarias batrachus) and Thai Koi (Anabas testudineus) through clinical and histopathological technique from June 2007 to March 2008 collected from selected farms and from local markets. Generally, during December and January, acute pathologies were recorded. Clinical signs of Shing included haemorrhage, extended belly and ulceration. Histopathologically, partly missing and splitted epidermis and dermis, necrotic, vacuoled and ruptured myotomes of muscle with fungal granuloma were observed. Major gill pathologies included partly missing and highly hypertrophied, haemorrhagic gill lamellae, presence of monogenetic trematode and pyknotic cells. In liver, haemorrhagic areas, necrotic, vacuoled, hyperplasid hepatocytes, cell debris, pyknotic nuclei and plenty of inflammatory cells were evident. Haemorrhages, vacuolation, necrosis, missing and ruptured kidney tubules and pyknotic nuclei were the major pathologies of kidney. Clinically, dark red lesion, haemorrhage, necrosis and ulcer in body surface were seen in Magur. Histopathologically observed pathologies in Magur were almost similar to that of Shing. Clinical signs of Thai Koi included discoloration, loss of scales and fins, abnormal caudal fin, haemorrhage in gill and ulcer. Marked histopathology in the skin and muscle were observed such as totally lost epidermis, dermis separated from muscle, severely ruptured, degenerated and missing of myotomes in many places. In gills, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, telangiectasis, clubbing, haemorrhage and massive necrosis in both primary and secondary gill lamellae were found. Pathologies observed in liver and kidney were most alike to that of Shing. In the months of February and March, all the investigated organs of the three fish species were at a healing stage.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v19i1.17109 Progress. Agric. 19(1): 69 - 78, 2008

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Long-term effect of a high-protein/non-carbohydrate diet on the primary liver and kidney metabolism in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)

Aquaculture ◽

10.1016/0044-8486(89)90449-3 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 79 (1-4) ◽

pp. 91-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

J.A. Lupiánez ◽

M.J. Sánchez-Lozano ◽

L. García-Rejón ◽

M. De la Higuera

Keyword(s):

Rainbow Trout ◽

Term Effect ◽

High Protein ◽

Salmo Gairdneri ◽

Carbohydrate Diet ◽

Long Term Effect ◽

Liver And Kidney

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Long term effect of aflatoxin B1 on lipid peroxidation in rat liver and kidney: effect of picroliv and silymarin

Phytotherapy Research ◽

10.1002/ptr.722 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 307-310 ◽

Cited By ~ 81

Author(s):

Ravi Rastogi ◽

Arvind Kumar Srivastava ◽

Anil Kumar Rastogi

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Rat Liver ◽

Aflatoxin B1 ◽

Term Effect ◽

Long Term Effect ◽

Liver And Kidney

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Primary polydipsia, but not accumulated ceramide, causes lethal renal damage in saposin D-deficient mice

AJP Renal Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajprenal.00047.2012 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 303 (7) ◽

pp. F1049-F1059 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Harumi Hisaki ◽

Junko Matsuda ◽

Keiko Tadano-Aritomi ◽

Shunya Uchida ◽

Hiroko Okinaga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Renal Failure ◽

Arginine Vasopressin ◽

Premature Death ◽

Inflammatory Cells ◽

Tubular Damage ◽

Renal Tubules ◽

Water Restriction ◽

Primary Polydipsia ◽

Renal Tubular

Saposin D-deficient (Sap-D−/−) mice develop polydipsia/polyuria and die prematurely due to renal failure with robust hydronephrosis. Such symptoms emerged when they were around 3 mo of age. To investigate the pathogenesis of their water mishandling, we attempted to limit water supply and followed sequential changes of physiological and biochemical parameters. We also analyzed renal histological changes at several time points. At 3 mo old just before water restriction challenge was started, their baseline arginine vasopressin level was comparable to the wild-type (WT) level. Twenty-four-hour water deprivation and desamino d-arginine vasopressin administration improved polydipsia and polyuria to certain degrees. However, creatinine concentrations in Sap-D−/− mice were significantly higher than those in WT mice, suggesting that some renal impairment already emerged in the affected mice at this age. Renal histological analyses revealed that renal tubules and collecting ducts were expanded after 3 mo old. After 6 mo old, vacuolar formation was observed, many inflammatory cells migrated around the ducts, and epithelial monolayer cells of tubular origin were replaced by plentiful cysts of various sizes. At 10∼12 mo old, severe cystic deformity appeared. On the other hand, 8-mo-long water restriction started at 4 mo old dramatically improved tubular damage and restored once-dampened amount of tubular aquaporin2 protein to the WT level. Furthermore, 10-mo-long water restriction ameliorated their renal function. Remarkably, by continuing water restriction thereafter, overall survival period became comparable with that of the WT. Together, polyuria, devastating renal tubular lesions, and renal failure were ameliorated by the mere 10-mo-long water restriction, which would trigger lethal dehydration if the disease were to be caused by any processes other than primary polydipsia. Our study demonstrates that long-term water restriction surely improved renal histopathological changes leading to prevention of premature death in Sap-D−/− mice.

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The Role of Vitamin C in Amelioration of Hepatorenal Toxicity of Cefotaxime in Adult Albino Rats (Histological Study)

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2021.7116 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (A) ◽

pp. 845-848

Author(s):

Maha Al Sammak ◽

Rana M. Ahmed ◽

Nadwa Alazzo

Keyword(s):

Vitamin C ◽

Histological Study ◽

Inflammatory Cells ◽

Control Group ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Renal Tubules ◽

Male Adult ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

Group 2

AIM: Antibiotics have a great risk property, for this reason, the present work aimed to study the toxic effect of cefotaxime on histological examination of liver and kidney tissues as well as to detect the protecting role of Vitamin C. METHODS: Thirty-two male adult albino rats were divided into four groups each with (eight animals) as following: Group (1): As control group and they injected with normal saline. Group (2): They were injected with 200 mg/kg B.W. of cefotaxime. Group (3): They were injected with Vitamin C in dose 100 mg/kg B.W. 1 h before they inject with 200 mg/kg B.W. of cefotaxime. Group (4): It was given Vitamin C in dose of 100 mg/kg B.W. Animals in all groups were injected intraperitoneally as single daily dose for 14 consecutive days. RESULTS: Results of cefotaxime treated group revealed that a significant liver tissue changes as hepatocytic vacuolation, necrosis, cholestasis with sinusoidal congestion, and dilatation also induced a histopathological change in the kidney including tubular epithelial degeneration, cast formation in renal tubules, inflammatory cells infiltration in the interstitium, and few glomeruli showed eosinophilic material deposition at the wall of bowman capsule. Adding Vitamin C to third group induces amelioration in the histological features of liver and kidney seen in Group (2) while group of Vitamin C only showed a histological picture similar to control group. CONCLUSION: From this study, we can conclude that Vitamin C has important hepato-renal protective effect.

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