scholarly journals Does prior acute exercise affect postexercise substrate oxidation in response to a high carbohydrate meal?

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiley Long ◽  
Katherine Wells ◽  
Virginia Englert ◽  
Stacy Schmidt ◽  
Matthew S Hickey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Substrate Oxidation ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Carbohydrate Meal

scholarly journals Acute exercise improves glucose and triglyceride metabolism in young and older adults following high-fat, high-carbohydrate meal intake

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Stephanie P. Kurti ◽  
Hannah Frick ◽  
William S. Wisseman ◽  
Steven K. Malin ◽  
David A. Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Chronic Disease Risk ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Carbohydrate Meal

Abstract A single high-fat, high-carbohydrate meal (HFHC) results in elevated postprandial glucose (GLU), triglycerides (TRG) and metabolic load index (MLI; TRG (mg/dL) + GLU (mg/dL)) that contributes to chronic disease risk. While disease risk is higher in older adults (OA) compared to younger adults (YA), the acute effects of exercise on these outcomes in OA is understudied. Twelve YA (age 23.3 ± 3.9 yrs, n = 5 M/7 F) and 12 OA (age 67.7 ± 6.0 yrs, n = 8 M/4 F) visited the laboratory in random order to complete a HFHC with no exercise (NE) or acute exercise (EX) condition. EX was performed 12 hours prior to HFHC at an intensity of 65% of maximal heart rate to expend 75% of the kcals consumed in HFHC (Marie Callender’s Chocolate Satin Pie; 12 kcal/kgbw; 57% fat, 37% CHO). Blood samples were taken at 0, 30, 60, 90 minutes, and then every hour until 6 hours post-meal. TRG levels increased to a larger magnitude in OA (Δ˜61 ± 31%) compared to YA (Δ˜37 ± 34%, p < 0.001), which were attenuated in EX compared to NE (p < 0.05) independent of age. There was no difference in GLU between OA and YA after the HFM, however EX had attenuated GLU independent of age (NE: Δ˜21 ± 26%; EX: Δ˜12 ± 18%, p = 0.027). MLI was significantly lower after EX compared to NE in OA and YA (p < 0.001). Pre-prandial EX reduced TRG, GLU and MLI post-HFHC independent of age.

Effect of Prior Exercise on Postprandial Triglycerides in Overweight Young Women after Ingesting a High-Carbohydrate Meal

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel B. Mitchell ◽  
James R. Rowe ◽  
Meena Shah ◽  
James J. Barbee ◽  
Austen M Watkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Prior Exercise ◽  
Lipid Response ◽  
Postprandial Lipid ◽  
Postprandial Lipemic Response ◽  
Carbohydrate Meal

To examine the effect of prior exercise on the postprandial lipid response to a high-carbohydrate meal in normal-weight (NW = BMI h25) and overweight (OW = BMI ≥25) women (age 18–25), 10 NW and 10 OW participants completed 2 conditions separated by 1 month. In the morning, the day after control (CT = no exercise) or exercise conditions (EX = 60 min cycling at 60% VO2peak), participants consumed a high-carbohydrate meal (80% CHO, 15% protein, 5% fat; 75 kJ/kg BM) followed by 6 hr of hourly blood sampling. Blood was analyzed for triglycerides (TG), blood glucose (BG), and insulin (IN). TG levels over the 6-hr period were lower in NW than OW (p = .021) and lower in EX than in CT (p = .006). Area under the curve (AUC) for TG was lower in NW than OW (p = .016) and EX than CT (p = .003). There were nonsignificant tendencies for reduced BG over time (p = .053) and AUC (p = .083), and IN AUC was lower in EX than in CT (p = .040) for both groups and lower in NW than in OW (p = .039). Prior exercise improved TG levels after a high-carbohydrate meal in both groups, and OW women demonstrated a greater postprandial lipemic response than NW regardless of condition. There were tendencies for improved glucose removal with prior exercise in NW vs. OW. Acute exercise can improve postprandial TG responses and might also improve postprandial BG and IN after a large meal in NW and OW young women.

scholarly journals The effects of a high-fat/high-carbohydrate meal on leukocyte populations in adults with chronic spinal cord injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel U. Dix ◽  
Garett S. Jackson ◽  
Kendra R. Todd ◽  
Jan W. van der Scheer ◽  
Jeremy J. Walsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Chronic Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Leukocyte Populations ◽  
Carbohydrate Meal

scholarly journals Orange juice neutralizes the proinflammatory effect of a high-fat, high-carbohydrate meal and prevents endotoxin increase and Toll-like receptor expression

2010 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 940-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Husam Ghanim ◽  
Chang Ling Sia ◽  
Mannish Upadhyay ◽  
Kelly Korzeniewski ◽  
Prabhakar Viswanathan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orange Juice ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Proinflammatory Effect ◽  
Carbohydrate Meal

Effect of consuming a late-night high-protein/moderate-carbohydrate vs. low-protein/high-carbohydrate meal by night workers on their food perceptions later during the day: a randomized crossover study

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 1392-1399
Author(s):  
Catarina Mendes Silva ◽  
Nayara Bernardes Da Cunha ◽  
Maria Carliana Mota ◽  
Luisa Pereira Marot ◽  
Kely Raspante Cerqueira Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crossover Study ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Late Night ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Food Perceptions ◽  
Randomized Crossover Study ◽  
Carbohydrate Meal

Daily training with high carbohydrate availability increases exogenous carbohydrate oxidation during endurance cycling

2010 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory R. Cox ◽  
Sally A. Clark ◽  
Amanda J. Cox ◽  
Shona L. Halson ◽  
Mark Hargreaves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Substrate Oxidation ◽  
Carbohydrate Intake ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Test Block ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Mitochondrial Enzymes ◽  
High Group ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Daily Training

We determined the effects of varying daily carbohydrate intake by providing or withholding carbohydrate during daily training on endurance performance, whole body rates of substrate oxidation, and selected mitochondrial enzymes. Sixteen endurance-trained cyclists or triathletes were pair matched and randomly allocated to either a high-carbohydrate group (High group; n = 8) or an energy-matched low-carbohydrate group (Low group; n = 8) for 28 days. Immediately before study commencement and during the final 5 days, subjects undertook a 5-day test block in which they completed an exercise trial consisting of a 100 min of steady-state cycling (100SS) followed by a 7-kJ/kg time trial on two occasions separated by 72 h. In a counterbalanced design, subjects consumed either water (water trial) or a 10% glucose solution (glucose trial) throughout the exercise trial. A muscle biopsy was taken from the vastus lateralis muscle on day 1 of the first test block, and rates of substrate oxidation were determined throughout 100SS. Training induced a marked increase in maximal citrate synthase activity after the intervention in the High group (27 vs. 34 μmol·g−1·min−1, P < 0.001). Tracer-derived estimates of exogenous glucose oxidation during 100SS in the glucose trial increased from 54.6 to 63.6 g ( P < 0.01) in the High group with no change in the Low group. Cycling performance improved by ∼6% after training. We conclude that altering total daily carbohydrate intake by providing or withholding carbohydrate during daily training in trained athletes results in differences in selected metabolic adaptations to exercise, including the oxidation of exogenous carbohydrate. However, these metabolic changes do not alter the training-induced magnitude of increase in exercise performance.

scholarly journals Inflexibility of the plasma miRNA response following a high-carbohydrate meal in overweight insulin-resistant women

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ramzan ◽  
R. F. D’Souza ◽  
B. R. Durainayagam ◽  
A. M. Milan ◽  
N. C. Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Metabolic Inflexibility ◽  
Carbohydrate Meal

Abstract Context Metabolic inflexibility is a characteristic of insulin resistance, limiting the ability to transiently regulate oxidative metabolism and gene expression in response to nutrient availability. Little is known of the flexibility of post-transcriptional regulation, including circulatory miRNAs (c-miRNAs). Design The abundances of targeted c-miRNAs, with reported functions in metabolic regulation, were analysed in response to a high-carbohydrate meal in healthy weight insulin-sensitive (IS) and overweight insulin-resistant (IR) women. Participants Age-matched healthy weight IS (n = 20, BMI = 24.3 ± 0.70) and overweight IR (n = 20, BMI = 28.6 ± 0.67) women. Methods An abundance of c-miRNAs was quantified prior to and following a high-carbohydrate breakfast meal (2500 kJ; 50% carbohydrate, 20% fat and 27% protein). Target genes of the differentially regulated c-miRNA were measured in RNA extracted from circulatory peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Results In healthy weight IS women, both miR-15a-5p (p = 0.03) and miR-17-5p (p < 0.01) levels were halved at 4 h post-meal. These miRNA remained unaltered following the same meal in the overweight IR women. Furthermore, amongst genes targeted by these miRNA, CPT1A (p = 0.01) and IL8 (p = 0.03) had also reduced expression 4 h post-meal only in the healthy weight IS women. Conclusions The study findings provide preliminary evidence for a possible extension of metabolic inflexibility to include c-miRNAs. Trial registration The clinical trial is registered with Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry under Trial registration: ANZCTR: ACTRN12615001108505. Registered on 21 October 2015.

Metabolic and performance responses during endurance exercise after high-fat and high-carbohydrate meals

1998 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 418-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena A. Whitley ◽  
S. M. Humphreys ◽  
I. T. Campbell ◽  
M. A. Keegan ◽  
T. D. Jayanetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Substrate Oxidation ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Fat Meal

We studied the effects of preexercise meal composition on metabolic and performance-related variables during endurance exercise. Eight well-trained cyclists (maximal oxygen uptake 65.0 to 83.5 ml ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1) were studied on three occasions after an overnight fast. They were given isoenergetic meals containing carbohydrate (CHO), protein (P), and fat (F) in the following amounts (g/70 kg body wt): high-carbohydrate meal, 215 CHO, 26 P, 3 F; high-fat meal, 50 CHO, 14 P, 80 F. On the third occasion subjects were studied after an overnight fast. Four hours after consumption of the meal, subjects started exercise for 90 min at 70% of their maximal oxygen uptake, followed by a 10-km time trial. The high-carbohydrate meal compared with the high-fat meal resulted in significant decreases ( P < 0.05) in blood glucose, plasma nonesterified fatty acids, plasma glycerol, plasma chylomicron-triacylglycerol, and plasma 3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations during exercise. This was accompanied by an increase in plasma insulin ( P < 0.01 vs. no meal), plasma epinephrine, and plasma growth hormone concentrations (each P < 0.05 vs. either of the other conditions) during exercise. Despite these large differences in substrate and hormone concentrations in plasma, substrate oxidation during the 90-min exercise period was similar in the three trials, and there were no differences in performance on the time trial. These results suggest that, although the availability of fatty acids and other substrates in plasma can be markedly altered by dietary means, the pattern of substrate oxidation during endurance exercise is remarkably resistant to alteration.

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