Orange juice neutralizes the proinflammatory effect of a high-fat, high-carbohydrate meal and prevents endotoxin increase and Toll-like receptor expression

Abstract This study investigated whether the −3826 A→G nucleotide variant of the uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) gene is correlated with postprandial thermogenesis after a high fat meal in children. Healthy boys, aged 8–11 yr, were examined for resting energy expenditure and the thermic effect of a meal (TEM), which were measured by indirect calorimetry for 180 min after a high fat (70% fat, 20% carbohydrate, and 10% protein, providing 30% of the daily energy requirement) and a high carbohydrate meal (20% fat, 70% carbohydrate, and 10% protein). The sympatho-vagal activities were assessed by means of spectral analysis of the heart rate variability during the same period. Children were genotyped for UCP1 polymorphism by applying a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism using buccal samples. There was no reaction of sympathetic activity to the high carbohydrate meal in eitherthe GG allele or the AA+AG group and no significant difference in TEM. However, after the high fat meal, sympathetic responses were found in both groups; further, the GG allele group showed significantly lower TEM than the AA+AG group. In conclusion, despite fat-induced sympathetic stimulation, GG allele carriers have a lowered capacity of TEM in response to fat intake, suggesting that such impaired UCP1-linked thermogenesis can have adverse effects on the regulation of body weight.

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Blood Pressure, Heart Rate and Neuroendocrine Responses to a High Carbohydrate and a High Fat Meal in Healthy Young Subjects

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0790517 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 79 (5) ◽

pp. 517-522 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

D. Heseltine ◽

J. F. Potter ◽

G. Hartley ◽

I. A. MacDonald ◽

O. F. W. James

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Plasma Insulin ◽

The Elderly ◽

High Fat ◽

High Carbohydrate ◽

Neuroendocrine Responses ◽

Young Subjects ◽

Fat Meal ◽

Carbohydrate Meal

1. The responses of blood pressure, heart rate, autonomic function and plasma insulin to a high carbohydrate and a high fat meal of equivalent energy value were studied in nine young volunteers. 2. Neither meal produced a significant change in supine or erect blood pressure. The high carbohydrate meal, however, resulted in an overall rise in both supine (6 beats/min) and erect (6 beats/min; P < 0.05) heart rate, no such changes being seen after the high fat meal. 3. Plasma noradrenaline levels increased by a maximum of 126% at 90 min (0.98 to 2.22 nmol/l) after the high carbohydrate meal but were virtually unchanged after the high fat meal (P < 0.01). Parasympathetic function showed no between-meal differences. Plasma insulin and glucose levels were significantly higher after the high carbohydrate meal than after the high fat meal. No postprandial difference in packed cell volume was found between meal types. 4. We conclude that, in young subjects, the postprandial blood pressure after a high carbohydrate meal is maintained by an increase in heart rate associated with increased sympathetic nervous system activity. These changes are at variance with the blood pressure and heart rate responses seen in the elderly after a high carbohydrate meal. A high fat meal has no significant cardiovascular or neuroendocrine effects in the young or old. The nutrient composition of meals has to be taken into account when studying the postprandial cardiovascular and neuroendocrine responses in the young.

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Increase in Plasma Endotoxin Concentrations and the Expression of Toll-Like Receptors and Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling-3 in Mononuclear Cells After a High-Fat, High-Carbohydrate Meal: Implications for insulin resistance

Diabetes Care ◽

10.2337/dc09-0979 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 32 (12) ◽

pp. 2281-2287 ◽

Cited By ~ 296

Author(s):

H. Ghanim ◽

S. Abuaysheh ◽

C. L. Sia ◽

K. Korzeniewski ◽

A. Chaudhuri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Mononuclear Cells ◽

Cytokine Signaling ◽

Toll Like Receptors ◽

High Fat ◽

Suppressor Of Cytokine Signaling ◽

High Carbohydrate ◽

Plasma Endotoxin ◽

Carbohydrate Meal

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Acute exercise improves glucose and triglyceride metabolism in young and older adults following high-fat, high-carbohydrate meal intake

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114521002208 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-28

Author(s):

Stephanie P. Kurti ◽

Hannah Frick ◽

William S. Wisseman ◽

Steven K. Malin ◽

David A. Edwards ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Acute Exercise ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Random Order ◽

Postprandial Glucose ◽

Maximal Heart Rate ◽

High Fat ◽

Chronic Disease Risk ◽

High Carbohydrate ◽

Carbohydrate Meal

Abstract A single high-fat, high-carbohydrate meal (HFHC) results in elevated postprandial glucose (GLU), triglycerides (TRG) and metabolic load index (MLI; TRG (mg/dL) + GLU (mg/dL)) that contributes to chronic disease risk. While disease risk is higher in older adults (OA) compared to younger adults (YA), the acute effects of exercise on these outcomes in OA is understudied. Twelve YA (age 23.3 ± 3.9 yrs, n = 5 M/7 F) and 12 OA (age 67.7 ± 6.0 yrs, n = 8 M/4 F) visited the laboratory in random order to complete a HFHC with no exercise (NE) or acute exercise (EX) condition. EX was performed 12 hours prior to HFHC at an intensity of 65% of maximal heart rate to expend 75% of the kcals consumed in HFHC (Marie Callender’s Chocolate Satin Pie; 12 kcal/kgbw; 57% fat, 37% CHO). Blood samples were taken at 0, 30, 60, 90 minutes, and then every hour until 6 hours post-meal. TRG levels increased to a larger magnitude in OA (Δ˜61 ± 31%) compared to YA (Δ˜37 ± 34%, p < 0.001), which were attenuated in EX compared to NE (p < 0.05) independent of age. There was no difference in GLU between OA and YA after the HFM, however EX had attenuated GLU independent of age (NE: Δ˜21 ± 26%; EX: Δ˜12 ± 18%, p = 0.027). MLI was significantly lower after EX compared to NE in OA and YA (p < 0.001). Pre-prandial EX reduced TRG, GLU and MLI post-HFHC independent of age.

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