Effect of Prior Exercise on Postprandial Triglycerides in Overweight Young Women after Ingesting a High-Carbohydrate Meal

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel B. Mitchell ◽  
James R. Rowe ◽  
Meena Shah ◽  
James J. Barbee ◽  
Austen M Watkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Prior Exercise ◽  
Lipid Response ◽  
Postprandial Lipid ◽  
Postprandial Lipemic Response ◽  
Carbohydrate Meal

To examine the effect of prior exercise on the postprandial lipid response to a high-carbohydrate meal in normal-weight (NW = BMI h25) and overweight (OW = BMI ≥25) women (age 18–25), 10 NW and 10 OW participants completed 2 conditions separated by 1 month. In the morning, the day after control (CT = no exercise) or exercise conditions (EX = 60 min cycling at 60% VO2peak), participants consumed a high-carbohydrate meal (80% CHO, 15% protein, 5% fat; 75 kJ/kg BM) followed by 6 hr of hourly blood sampling. Blood was analyzed for triglycerides (TG), blood glucose (BG), and insulin (IN). TG levels over the 6-hr period were lower in NW than OW (p = .021) and lower in EX than in CT (p = .006). Area under the curve (AUC) for TG was lower in NW than OW (p = .016) and EX than CT (p = .003). There were nonsignificant tendencies for reduced BG over time (p = .053) and AUC (p = .083), and IN AUC was lower in EX than in CT (p = .040) for both groups and lower in NW than in OW (p = .039). Prior exercise improved TG levels after a high-carbohydrate meal in both groups, and OW women demonstrated a greater postprandial lipemic response than NW regardless of condition. There were tendencies for improved glucose removal with prior exercise in NW vs. OW. Acute exercise can improve postprandial TG responses and might also improve postprandial BG and IN after a large meal in NW and OW young women.

scholarly journals Does prior acute exercise affect postexercise substrate oxidation in response to a high carbohydrate meal?

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiley Long ◽  
Katherine Wells ◽  
Virginia Englert ◽  
Stacy Schmidt ◽  
Matthew S Hickey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Substrate Oxidation ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Carbohydrate Meal

Effect of Acute Exercise and Cycling Desk on Energy Intake and Appetite Response to Mental Work: The CORTEX Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-439
Author(s):  
David Thivel ◽  
Pauline Genin ◽  
Alicia Fillon ◽  
Marwa Khammassi ◽  
Johanna Roche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mental Work ◽  
Visual Analog Scales

Background: While mental work has been shown to favor overconsumption, the present study compared the effect of a cognitive task alone, followed by acute exercise, or performed on a cycling desk, on short-term food intake and appetite in adults. Methods: A total of 19 normal-weight adults randomly completed: resting session (CON), 30-minute cognitive task (CT), 30-minute cognitive task followed by a 15-minute high-intensity interval exercise bout (CT–EX), and 30-minute cognitive task performed on a cycling desk (CT-CD). Energy expenditure was estimated (heart rate–workload relationship), and energy intake (EI; ad libitum) and appetite (visual analog scales) were assessed. Results: Energy expenditure was higher in CT-EX (P < .001) compared with the other conditions and in CT-CD compared with CON and CT (P < .01). EI was higher in CON (P < .05) and CT-CD compared with CT (P < .01). Relative EI was higher in CON compared with CT (P < .05) and lower in CT-EX compared with CT, CT-CD, and CON (all Ps < .001). Area under the curve desire to eat was higher in CON compared with CT (P < .05) and CT-EX (P < .01). Area under the curve prospective food consumption was higher in CON compared with CT-EX (P < .01). Overall composite appetite score was not different between conditions. Conclusion: While cycling desks are recommended to break up sedentary time, the induced increase in energy expenditure might not be enough to significantly reduce overall short-term relative EI after mental work.

scholarly journals Response of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenocortical Axis to High-Protein/Fat and High-Carbohydrate Meals in Women with Different Obesity Phenotypes

2002 ◽  
Vol 87 (8) ◽  
pp. 3984-3988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Vicennati ◽  
Luana Ceroni ◽  
Lorenza Gagliardi ◽  
Alessandra Gambineri ◽  
Renato Pasquali
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Body Fat Distribution ◽  
High Carbohydrate

Subjects with abdominal obesity are characterized by hyperactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Food intake, particularly at noon, is a well-known inducer of HPA axis activation. Whether obese subjects present an abnormal response to meals containing different macronutrient proportions is at present unknown. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the effect of a high-lipid/protein meal (HLP-meal) and a high-carbohydrate meal (HCHO-meal) on the HPA axis activity in women with different obesity phenotypes. Nondepressed, noncomplicated obese (body mass index greater than 28 kg/m2) women with abdominal (A-BFD) (n = 10) and peripheral body fat distribution (P-BFD) (n = 9) and a group of 11 normal-weight controls were investigated in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. They were randomly given an 800-kcal HCHO-meal (containing 89% carbohydrates, 11% proteins, 0% lipids), and an 800-kcal HLP-meal (containing 53% lipids, 43% proteins, 4% carbohydrates), which were eaten within 15 min at noon, with an interval of 2 d between each meal. Blood samples for ACTH, cortisol, glucose, and insulin were obtained at 15-min intervals before and after each meal. Baseline hormone and glucose concentrations in the three groups were similar. After the HLP-meal, ACTH tended to similarly but insignificantly increase in all groups, whereas cortisol increased significantly (P &lt; 0.05) in the P-BFD group and insignificantly in the other groups. Conversely, both ACTH and cortisol significantly (P &lt; 0.05) increased only in the A-BFD group, without any significant changes in both controls and P-BFD women. The analysis of the interaction between meals and groups clearly indicated that the cortisol response to the HLP-meal and the HCHO-meal was significantly different (P &lt; 0.025) between the two obese groups, the A-BFD group being characterized by a significantly lower response to the HLP-meal and a significantly higher response to the HCHO-meal, compared with the P-BFD group. Considering all groups together and after adjusting for body mass index, a highly significant relationship was found between cortisol-area under the curve and ACTH-area under the curve after each meal test. However, no relationships were found between changes in ACTH and cortisol and those of glucose, insulin, and the glucose:insulin ratio after each meal. Therefore, our data demonstrate that the response of the HPA axis to meals containing different macronutrient proportions may depend on the pattern of body fat distribution. We also suggest that the activation of the HPA axis following the ingestion of large amounts of carbohydrates may have some pathophysiological relevance, specifically in women with the abdominal obesity phenotype.

Tart cherry consumption with or without prior exercise increases antioxidant capacity and decreases triglyceride levels following a high-fat meal

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 1209-1218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine R. Polley ◽  
Natalie J. Oswell ◽  
Ronald B. Pegg ◽  
Jamie A. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Prunus Cerasus ◽  
Tart Cherry ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Antioxidant Responses ◽  
Prior Exercise

Exercise and high-phytonutrient foods may lower oxidative stress and increase antioxidant levels, which could combat the negative effects associated with a high-fat (HF) meal. The objective of this study is to test the effects of Montmorency tart cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) consumption, with or without aerobic exercise, on antioxidant responses to an HF meal. Twelve normal-weight men (aged 22 ± 3 years), participated in a randomized crossover design comprising 4 trials: (i) HF meal with Montmorency tart cherry consumption (MC), (ii) HF meal with placebo (P), (iii) exercise prior to HF meal with MC (E+MC), and (iv) exercise prior to HF meal with P (E+P). The HF meal contained 60 g of fat and was consumed with MC or P. For exercise trials, a 30-min bout of submaximal treadmill exercise was performed the afternoon prior to HF meal consumption. Antioxidant capacity and triglycerides (TG) levels were measured at baseline and at 1, 2, and 3 h postprandially. Postprandial antioxidant capacity as assessed by oxygen radical absorbance capacity was significantly higher after MC and E+MC compared with E+P (incremental area under the curve (iAUC): 2.95 ± 2.19 and 4.87 ± 1.45 vs. −1.02 ± 1.72 mmol Trolox equivalents/L for MC and E+MC vs. E+P, respectively; p < 0.01). Postprandial TG levels were significantly lower after E+MC compared with P (iAUC: 58.99 ± 19.46 vs. 107.46 ± 22.66 mmol Trolox equivalents/L for E+MC vs. P, respectively; p < 0.05). These results indicate that MC consumption alone, and in combination with prior exercise, leads to greater antioxidant capacity following an HF meal compared with prior exercise with placebo. Further, MC consumption with prior exercise led to more favorable postprandial TG levels compared with placebo.

scholarly journals Postprandial Lipid Response to High-Saturated and High-Monounsaturated Fat Meals in Normal-Weight or Overweight Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lílian L. Lopes ◽  
Daniela Mayumi U. P. Rocha ◽  
Alessandra da Silva ◽  
Maria do Carmo G. Peluzio ◽  
Josefina Bressan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Weight ◽  
Monounsaturated Fat ◽  
Overweight Women ◽  
Lipid Response ◽  
Postprandial Lipid

scholarly journals The thermic effect of food in normal-weight and overweight pregnant women

1995 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele N. Bronstein ◽  
Rosa P. Mak ◽  
Janet C. King
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Mixed Meal ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Thermic Effect Of Food ◽  
Effect Of Food ◽  
Postprandial Thermogenesis ◽  
Thermic Effect ◽  
Carbohydrate Meal

A defective thermic response to food may be an energy-sparing adaptation in both obesity and pregnancy. To evaluate the combined effect of obesity and pregnancy on postprandial thermogenesis, the thermic effect of food was assessed for a 240 min period following a high-carbohydrate meal and a typical mixed meal in nine normal-weight non-pregnant, eight overweight non-pregnant, eight normal-weight pregnant and six overweight pregnant women using indirect calorimetry. A test meal that provided 60% of each subject's measured daily requirement for basal metabolism was used. Pregnant women were studied during weeks 30–35 of gestation. Neither obesity nor pregnancy altered the thermic effect of food, although the response to the mixed meal was greater (P <0·01) than that to the high-carbohydrate meal in all cases. The mean responses for the high-carbohydrate and mixed meals were 26·9 (SD 6·0) and 30·1 (SD 6·2)% baseline energy expenditure respectively, and 7·4 (SD 1·6) and 8·3 (SD 1·6)% of the meal energy load respectively. Obesity and pregnancy were associated with hyperinsulinaemia (P <0·005) following both test meals, suggesting that postprandial thermogenesis was not altered by insulin resistance in this group. The incremental glucose response was elevated (P <0·001) in the pregnant women following both test meals; overweight women tended to have a greater incremental glucose response following the high-carbohydrate meal, but it was not significant (P = 0·065). These results do not provide evidence of an impaired thermic response to food in either overweight or third trimester pregnant women.

scholarly journals Acute exercise improves glucose and triglyceride metabolism in young and older adults following high-fat, high-carbohydrate meal intake

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Stephanie P. Kurti ◽  
Hannah Frick ◽  
William S. Wisseman ◽  
Steven K. Malin ◽  
David A. Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Chronic Disease Risk ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Carbohydrate Meal

Abstract A single high-fat, high-carbohydrate meal (HFHC) results in elevated postprandial glucose (GLU), triglycerides (TRG) and metabolic load index (MLI; TRG (mg/dL) + GLU (mg/dL)) that contributes to chronic disease risk. While disease risk is higher in older adults (OA) compared to younger adults (YA), the acute effects of exercise on these outcomes in OA is understudied. Twelve YA (age 23.3 ± 3.9 yrs, n = 5 M/7 F) and 12 OA (age 67.7 ± 6.0 yrs, n = 8 M/4 F) visited the laboratory in random order to complete a HFHC with no exercise (NE) or acute exercise (EX) condition. EX was performed 12 hours prior to HFHC at an intensity of 65% of maximal heart rate to expend 75% of the kcals consumed in HFHC (Marie Callender’s Chocolate Satin Pie; 12 kcal/kgbw; 57% fat, 37% CHO). Blood samples were taken at 0, 30, 60, 90 minutes, and then every hour until 6 hours post-meal. TRG levels increased to a larger magnitude in OA (Δ˜61 ± 31%) compared to YA (Δ˜37 ± 34%, p < 0.001), which were attenuated in EX compared to NE (p < 0.05) independent of age. There was no difference in GLU between OA and YA after the HFM, however EX had attenuated GLU independent of age (NE: Δ˜21 ± 26%; EX: Δ˜12 ± 18%, p = 0.027). MLI was significantly lower after EX compared to NE in OA and YA (p < 0.001). Pre-prandial EX reduced TRG, GLU and MLI post-HFHC independent of age.

scholarly journals The effect of palm oil, lard, and puff-pastry margarine on postprandial lipid and hormone responses in normal-weight and obese young women

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 469-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janne Jensen ◽  
Anette Bysted ◽  
Steen Dawids ◽  
Kjeld Hermansen ◽  
Gunhild Hølmer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Puff Pastry ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hormone Responses ◽  
Postprandial Lipid

Only a few studies have been published on the postprandial effects of different fatty acids in obese subjects. Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of three test meals containing palm oil (PO), lard (LD), or puff-pastry margarine (PPM), all normal dietary ingredients, on postprandial lipid and hormone responses in normal-weight and obese young women. The study was performed as a randomized, crossover design. The fats differed in the content of palmitic acid, stearic acid, andtransmonounsaturated fatty acids allowing a dietary comparison of different ‘solid’ fatty acids. The obese women had significantly higher fasting concentrations and postprandial responses of plasma total triacylglycerol (TAG), chylomicron-TAG, and insulin compared with the normal-weight women but there was no significant difference in the postprandial responses between the three test meals. The obese women had fasting concentrations of leptin four times greater than the normal-weight women. There were no postprandial changes in the concentrations of leptin. The fasting concentrations of HDL-cholesterol were significantly lower in the obese women than in the normal-weight women, whereas there was no significant difference between the two groups in the concentrations of total cholesterol or LDL-cholesterol. These results provide evidence that obese women have exaggerated lipid and hormone responses compared with normal-weight women but the different contents of saturated andtransmonounsaturated fatty acids provided by PO, LD, and PPM have no effect in either group.

Effect of Prior Exercise on Postprandial Lipid Responses in Sedentary Women Following High Carbohydrate Intake

2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S482-S483
Author(s):  
James R. Rowe ◽  
Austen M. Watkins ◽  
Barrett Bradt ◽  
Chad Stephans ◽  
Steve Simmons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbohydrate Intake ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Prior Exercise ◽  
Postprandial Lipid ◽  
Sedentary Women

scholarly journals Evaluating Postprandial Lipid Response Following Chardonnay Grape Marc Powder Supplementation

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 640-640
Author(s):  
Fanny Lee ◽  
Sridevi Krishnan ◽  
Aneeta Vedula ◽  
Leslie Woodhouse ◽  
Torey Arvik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Innovation Research ◽  
Grape Marc ◽  
Lipid Response ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Postprandial Lipid

Abstract Objectives Chardonnay grape marc is the remaining skins and seeds after pressing and is a byproduct of winemaking that offers a rich source of phytonutrients. The objective was to evaluate postprandial lipid response following adding Chardonnay grape marc powder to the diet. Methods Overweight or obese men and women with hyperlipidemia between 35–65 y were recruited for this randomized, double-blinded 16-week crossover study. Subjects consumed 1500 mg of 1) placebo, 2) high Chardonnay seed extract, low Chardonnay marc blend (HE) or 3) high chardonnay marc, low chardonnay seed extract blend (HM) in a randomized order. Each intervention arm lasted 3 weeks and included two 3-week washout periods. Following each intervention, fasting blood was drawn, then subjects consumed a high fat challenge meal. Postprandial blood was subsequently drawn at 1, 2 and 3 hours. Incremental area under the curve (iAUC) was also calculated. Data were not normally distributed thus were log transformed before conducting analyses. Analyses were conducted with 24 completed subjects and intention to treat for 3 subjects who withdrew using linear mixed model ANOVA. Results Incremental area under the triglyceride curve response to a meal showed a significant effect of intervention (P = 0.05). Pairwise comparisons showed a significant difference between HE and HM (P = 0.04). Conclusions Following HM intervention, there was a significantly lower triglyceride iAUC compared to the HE intervention, but no difference compared to placebo. HM intervention resulted in better triglyceride clearance compared to the HE intervention. Funding Sources NIFA Phase II Small Business Innovation Research Grant awarded to Sonomaceuticals, LLC.

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