Interventions in early life and through the lifecourse to prevent non-communicable diseases in later life in India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalyanaraman Kumaran ◽  
Stephen Matthews ◽  
Kiran Nagaraj
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

scholarly journals FOETAL for NCD—FOetal Exposure and Epidemiological Transitions: the role of Anaemia in early Life for Non-Communicable Diseases in later life: a prospective preconception study in rural Tanzania

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e024861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Line Hjort ◽  
Sofie Lykke Møller ◽  
Daniel Minja ◽  
Omari Msemo ◽  
Birgitte Bruun Nielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Severe Anaemia ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Epidemiological Transitions

PurposeLow-income and middle-income countries such as Tanzania experience a high prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including anaemia. Studying if and how anaemia affects growth, placenta development, epigenetic patterns and newborns’ risk of NCDs may provide approaches to prevent NCDs.ParticipantsThe FOETALforNCD (FOetal Exposure and Epidemiological Transitions: the role of Anaemia in early Life for Non-Communicable Diseases in later life) Study is a population-based preconception, pregnancy and birth cohort study (n=1415, n=538, n=427, respectively), conducted in a rural region of North-East Tanzania. All participants were recruited prior to conception or early in pregnancy and followed throughout pregnancy as well as at birth. Data collection included: maternal blood, screening for NCDs and malaria, ultrasound in each trimester, neonatal anthropometry at birth and at 1 month of age, cord blood, placental and cord biopsies for stereology and epigenetic analyses.Findings to dateAt preconception, the average age, body mass index and blood pressure of the women were 28 years, 23 kg/m2 and 117/75 mm Hg, respectively. In total, 458 (36.7%) women had anaemia (haemoglobin Hb <12 g/dL) and 34 (3.6%) women were HIV-positive at preconception. During pregnancy 359 (66.7%) women had anaemia of which 85 (15.8%) women had moderate-to-severe anaemia (Hb ≤9 g/dL) and 33 (6.1%) women had severe anaemia (Hb ≤8 g/dL). In total, 185 (34.4%) women were diagnosed with malaria during pregnancy.Future plansThe project will provide new knowledge on how health, even before conception, might modify the risk of developing NCDs and how to promote better health during pregnancy. The present project ended data collection 1 month after giving birth, but follow-up is continuing through regular monitoring of growth and development and health events according to the National Road Map Strategic Plan in Tanzania. This data will link fetal adverse event to childhood development, and depending on further grant allocation, through a life course follow-up.

scholarly journals Early-life prevention of non-communicable diseases

The Lancet ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 381 (9860) ◽  
pp. 3-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M Balbus ◽  
Robert Barouki ◽  
Linda S Birnbaum ◽  
Ruth A Etzel ◽  
Peter D Gluckman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

scholarly journals Effect of maternal diet on the epigenome: implications for human metabolic disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen A. Lillycrop
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Postnatal Environment ◽  
Nutritional Environment

The rapid increase in the incidence of chronic non-communicable diseases over the past two decades cannot be explained solely by genetic and adult lifestyle factors. There is now considerable evidence that the fetal and early postnatal environment also strongly influences the risk of developing such diseases in later life. Human studies have shown that low birth weight is associated with an increased risk of CVD, type II diabetes, obesity and hypertension, although recent studies have shown that over-nutrition in early life can also increase susceptibility to future metabolic disease. These findings have been replicated in a variety of animal models, which have shown that both maternal under- and over-nutrition can induce persistent changes in gene expression and metabolism within the offspring. The mechanism by which the maternal nutritional environment induces such changes is beginning to be understood and involves the altered epigenetic regulation of specific genes. The demonstration of a role for altered epigenetic regulation of genes in the developmental induction of chronic diseases raises the possibility that nutritional or pharmaceutical interventions may be used to modify long-term cardio-metabolic disease risk and combat this rapid rise in chronic non-communicable diseases.

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