Phylogeny, expression patterns and regulation of DNA Methyltransferases in early development of the flatfish, Solea senegalensis

Abstract Epigenetic reprogramming during perinatal germ cell development is essential for genomic imprinting and cell differentiation; however, the actors of this key event and their dynamics are poorly understood in rats. Our study aimed to characterize the expression patterns of epigenetic modifiers and the changes in histone modifications in rat gonocytes at the time of de novo DNA methylation. Using transgenic rats expressing Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) specifically in germ cells, we purified male gonocytes by fluorescent activated cell sorting at various stages of perinatal development and established the transcriptomic profile of 165 epigenetic regulators. Using immunofluorescence on gonad sections, we tracked six histone modifications in rat male and female perinatal germ cells over time, including methylation of histone H3 on lysines 27, 9, and 4; ubiquitination of histone H2A on lysine119; and acetylation of histone H2B on lysine 20. The results revealed the dynamics in the expression of ten-eleven translocation enzymes and DNA methyltransferases in male gonocytes at the time of de novo DNA methylation. Moreover, our transcriptomic data indicate a decrease in histone ubiquitination and methylation coinciding with the beginning of de novo DNA methylation. Decreases in H2AK119Ub and H3K27me3 were further confirmed by immunofluorescence in the male germ cells but were not consistent for all H3 methylation sites examined. Together, our data highlighted transient chromatin remodeling involving histone modifications during de novo DNA methylation. Further studies addressing how these dynamic changes in histone posttranslational modifications could guide de novo DNA methylation will help explain the complex establishment of the male germ cell epigenome.

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Prostacyclin synthase (PTGIS) expression and epigenetic regulation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e22160 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. e22160-e22160

Author(s):

S. G. Gray ◽

M. C. Cathcart ◽

N. Al-Sarraf ◽

G. P. Pidgeon ◽

K. J. O'Byrne

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Epigenetic Regulation ◽

Histone Deacetylases ◽

Translational Regulation ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Dna Methyltransferases ◽

Variable Expression ◽

Oncology Research ◽

Prostacyclin Synthase

e22160 Background: Prostacyclin synthase (PTGIS) inhibits platelet aggregation and promotes vasodilation. Overexpression of this gene has been shown to inhibit lung cancer growth in a mouse model. Hypermethylation of the PTGIS promoter resulting in downregulation of PTGIS expression has been implicated in colorectal cancer. In this study we have examined both the expression patterns and epigenetic regulation of PTGIS in NSCLC. Methods: DNA/RNA and protein was extracted from matched tumour/normal samples (Thoracic Oncology Research Group BioBank, St James Hospital). PTGIS in these samples and a panel of retrospective resected lung samples was examined by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. A panel of NSCLC cell lines were treated with inhibitors to histone deacetylases (HDi) and DNA methyltransferases (DNMTi) and PTGIS expression examined by RT-PCR. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) was used to examine changes to the PTGIS promoter in response to HDi. Results: PTGIS was found to have variable expression in both tumour samples and a panel of lung cancer cell lines. PTGIS expression was demonstrated in the vascular endothelial and bronchial epithelial cells of normal and cancerous sections. A striking variation in intratumoural PTGIS expression was observed. Methylation analysis of cell lines demonstrated hypermethylation of the PTGIS promoter. Treating cells with epigenetic inhibitors resulted in significant upregulation of PTGIS expression. Direct chromatin remodelling of the PTGIS promoter was confirmed. Conclusions: PTGIS is epigenetically regulated. The discrepancy between PTGIS mRNA and protein levels in tumor samples indicates that post-transcriptional and post-translational regulation of PTGIS is central to expression and requires further elucidation. Increased PTGIS expression is a potential therapeutic strategy for tumour prevention. [Table: see text]

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Multiple ferritin subunit genes of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and their distinct expression patterns during early development

Gene ◽

10.1016/j.gene.2014.05.027 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 546 (1) ◽

pp. 80-88 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Pin Huan ◽

Gang Liu ◽

Hongxia Wang ◽

Baozhong Liu

Keyword(s):

Early Development ◽

Crassostrea Gigas ◽

Pacific Oyster ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

The Pacific

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The thyroid gland and thyroid hormones in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) during early development and metamorphosis

General and Comparative Endocrinology ◽

10.1016/j.ygcen.2007.09.014 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 155 (3) ◽

pp. 686-694 ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Author(s):

Peter H.M. Klaren ◽

Yvette S. Wunderink ◽

Manuel Yúfera ◽

Juan M. Mancera ◽

Gert Flik

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Gland ◽

Thyroid Hormones ◽

Early Development ◽

Solea Senegalensis ◽

Senegalese Sole

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A Case of Mistaken Identity

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.00724.2004 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 288 (1) ◽

pp. H448-H448 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Andreas Stahl

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽

Early Development ◽

Mammalian Species ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Acid Oxidation ◽

Published Data ◽

Acid Uptake ◽

Expression Of Genes ◽

Cpt I

The heart is a unique organ that can use several fuels for energy production. During development, the heart undergoes changes in fuel supply, and it must be able to respond to these changes. We have examined changes in the expression of several genes that regulate fuel transport and metabolism in rat hearts during early development. At birth, there was increased expression of fatty acid transporters and enzymes of fatty acid metabolism that allow fatty acids to become the major source of energy for cardiac muscle during the first 2 wk of life. At the same time, expression of genes that control glucose transport and oxidation was downregulated. After 2 wk, expression of genes for glucose uptake and oxidation was increased, and expression of genes for fatty acid uptake and utilization was decreased. Expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I) isoforms during development was different from published data obtained from rabbit hearts. CPT Iα and Iβ isoforms were both highly expressed in hearts before birth, and both increased further at birth. Only after the second week did CPT Iα expression decrease appreciably below the level of CPT Iβ expression. These results represent another example of different expression patterns of CPT I isoforms among various mammalian species. In rats, changes in gene expression followed nutrient availability during development and may render cardiac fatty acid oxidation less sensitive to factors that influence malonyl-CoA content (e.g., fluctuations in glucose concentration) and thereby favor fatty acid oxidation as an energy source for cardiomyocytes in early development.

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Female rat sexual behavior is unaffected by perinatal fluoxetine exposure

10.1101/2020.05.29.122945 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jan Hegstad ◽

Patty T. Huijgens ◽

Danielle J. Houwing ◽

Jocelien D.A. Olivier ◽

Roy Heijkoop ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sexual Behavior ◽

Early Development ◽

Adult Female ◽

Sexual Behaviors ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Estrogen Receptor Α ◽

Serotonin Release ◽

Conflict Behavior ◽

Female Rat ◽

Female Sexual Behavior

AbstractSerotonin plays an important role in adult female sexual behavior, however little is known about the influence of serotonin during early development on sexual functioning in adulthood. During early development, serotonin acts as neurotrophic factor, while it functions as a modulatory neurotransmitter in adulthood. The occurrence of serotonin release, could thus have different effects on behavioral outcomes, depending on the developmental period in which serotonin is released. Because serotonin is involved in the development of the HPG axis which is required for puberty establishment, serotonin could also alter expression patterns of for instance the estrogen receptor α (ERα).The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of increased serotonin levels during early development on adult female rat sexual behavior during the full behavioral estrus in a seminatural environment. To do so, rats were perinatally exposed with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluoxetine (10 mg/kg FLX) and sexual performance was tested during adulthood. All facets of female sexual behavior between the first and last lordosis (behavioral estrus), and within each copulation bout of the behavioral estrus were analyzed. Besides the length and onset of the behavioral estrus and the sexual behaviors patterns, other social and conflict behavior were also investigated. In addition, we studied the effects of perinatal FLX exposure on ERα expression patterns in the medial preoptic nucleus, ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, medial amygdala, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and the dorsal raphé nucleus.The results showed that perinatal fluoxetine exposure has no effect on adult female sexual behavior. The behavioral estrus of FLX-females had the same length and pattern as CTR-females. In addition, FLX- and CTR-females showed the same amount of paracopulatory behavior and lordosis, both during the full behavioral estrus and the “most active bout”. Furthermore, no differences were found in the display of social and conflict behaviors, nor in ERα expression patterns in the brain. We conclude that increases in serotonin levels during early development do not have long-term consequences for female sexual behavior in adulthood.

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Duplication of spiralian-specific TALE genes and evolution of the blastomere specification mechanism in the bivalve lineage

EvoDevo ◽

10.1186/s13227-021-00181-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Supanat Phuangphong ◽

Jumpei Tsunoda ◽

Hiroshi Wada ◽

Yoshiaki Morino

Keyword(s):

Cell Fate ◽

Early Development ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Cell Fate Specification ◽

Fate Map ◽

Cell Fates ◽

Cell Specification ◽

Cytoplasmic Content ◽

Gene Regulatory ◽

Unique Cell

Abstract Background Despite the conserved pattern of the cell-fate map among spiralians, bivalves display several modified characteristics during their early development, including early specification of the D blastomere by the cytoplasmic content, as well as the distinctive fate of the 2d blastomere. However, it is unclear what changes in gene regulatory mechanisms led to such changes in cell specification patterns. Spiralian-TALE (SPILE) genes are a group of spiralian-specific transcription factors that play a role in specifying blastomere cell fates during early development in limpets. We hypothesised that the expansion of SPILE gene repertoires influenced the evolution of the specification pattern of blastomere cell fates. Results We performed a transcriptome analysis of early development in the purplish bifurcate mussel and identified 13 SPILE genes. Phylogenetic analysis of the SPILE gene in molluscs suggested that duplications of SPILE genes occurred in the bivalve lineage. We examined the expression patterns of the SPILE gene in mussels and found that some SPILE genes were expressed in quartet-specific patterns, as observed in limpets. Furthermore, we found that several SPILE genes that had undergone gene duplication were specifically expressed in the D quadrant, C and D quadrants or the 2d blastomere. These expression patterns were distinct from the expression patterns of SPILE in their limpet counterparts. Conclusions These results suggest that, in addition to their ancestral role in quartet specification, certain SPILE genes in mussels contribute to the specification of the C and D quadrants. We suggest that the expansion of SPILE genes in the bivalve lineage contributed to the evolution of a unique cell fate specification pattern in bivalves.

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